Languages of Peru

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Peru is a multilingual nation. Its official language is Spanish. In the zones where they are predominant, Quechua, Aymara and other aboriginal languages also have official status. (Political Constitution, art. 48) The most common languages are Spanish, to a lesser extent, Quechua and Aymara languages, not to mention numerous minor Amazonian languages, such as Urarina.^[1]

Original languages

Indicated on the map with the distribution of individual native language Quechua by districts.^[2]

Map of the distribution of the Aymara-speaking population limited to three southern departments with significant Aymara population: Puno, Moquegua, Tacna.^[3]

Indicated on the map with the distribution of individual native language Castilian on areas of Peru^[4]

The aboriginal languages of Peru are spoken mainly in the central Andes and in the Amazon forests. A considerable number of languages were once spoken on the northern coast and in the northern Andes, but other than some in the northern highlands (Cajamarca, Inkawasi-Cañaris and Chachapoyas), all others have died out^[5] - Mochica is thought to have gone extinct in the 1950s.

The only aboriginal Andean languages in use in the highlands today are those of the Aymara families (the latter including Jaqaru/Kawki). The Amazon region, however, is home to a

There are currently fourteen defined language families in Peruvian territory, in addition to many more isolated and unclassified languages, such as Urarina.

It is known that the number of languages that were used in Peru easily surpasses 300; some observers speak of 700. Yet from the time of European conquest, epidemics and periods of forced work (in addition to the influence of the hegemonic Spanish language), fewer than 150 can be counted today. The following is an incomplete list of languages spoken today, and a number that became extinct in the twentieth century or that are endangered.

Number of speakers

In the Peruvian Amazon over forty languages, which are usually grouped into 14 families and diversifying about 120 recognizable local varieties are spoken.^[6]

Families and language isolates

Foreign languages

In addition to the above, in Peru there is a large community of immigrants, of which few keep their languages. Within those, there are the Japanese and the Chinese (Cantonese dialect), for example and in smaller numbers, the Germans (central Andes), Italian, the Arabic speakers, and the Urdu speakers retain their native languages in Peru. The last two are products of the recent wave of immigrants from Palestine and Pakistan. Lately, the influence of English has grown considerably due to the number of tourists and American and British residents.

Spanish language

In Peru, the most common language is Spanish, which is spoken by the majority of Peruvians (85.92% of the total population). Spanish is used in the media, in the government, etc.

• Peruvian Coast Spanish
• Andean Spanish
• Amazonic Spanish;

See also

• Quechuan and Aymaran spelling shift

Notes

External links

• (in Spanish) Resonancias.org – Aboriginal languages of Peru
• (in Spanish) Center of Peruvian Studies
• (in Japanese) Mucha-suerte.com – ペルー トルヒージョ 2003年12月31日(水)