Lacamas Creek

Lacamas Creek
Country United States
State Washington (state)
County Clark
Source Confluence of the creek's east and west forks
 - location Camp Bonneville
 - elevation 365 ft (111 m) [1]
 - coordinates 45°41′54″N 122°24′09″W / 45.69833°N 122.40250°W / 45.69833; -122.40250 [2]
Mouth Washougal River
 - location Camas
 - elevation 16 ft (5 m) [2]
 - coordinates 45°35′13″N 122°23′32″W / 45.58694°N 122.39222°W / 45.58694; -122.39222Coordinates: 45°35′13″N 122°23′32″W / 45.58694°N 122.39222°W / 45.58694; -122.39222 [2]
Length 12.5 mi (20 km) [3]
Basin 67 sq mi (174 km2) [3]
Location of the mouth of Lacamas Creek in Washington

Lacamas Creek is in Clark County, Washington, United States, and flows about 12.5 miles (20.1 km) from headwaters near Camp Bonneville to Lacamas Lake and Round Lake in Camas, and eventually into the Washougal River.[3] Its name is derived from that of the native camas plant.[4] Lacamas Creek is fed by numerous streams, but the five largest tributaries are Matney Creek, Shanghai Creek, Fifth Plain Creek, China Ditch, and Dwyer Creek.[3]

Geologists think it likely that the creek used to flow westward through the Burnt Bridge Creek channel. This changed when the Missoula Floods deposited an alluvial fan that diverted the flow into the Lacamas Lake trough.[5]

Watershed and water quality

Lacamas Creek drains a basin of 67 square miles (170 km2). About 41 percent of the basin is forested, while the rest is developed to one degree or another. The least developed land is near the headwaters, while the most developed is near the mouth. Farm fields, pastures, shrublands, and bare earth cover about 35 percent of the watershed. Residential, commercial, and industrial uses account for most of the rest.[3]

Water quality along the creek varies from "good" in the forest to "fair" along the lower reaches near Camas. The watershed's artificial channels such as China Ditch have water of "very poor" quality. These were dug as early as the 1890s to drain wetlands for farming and to supply water to mills in Camas. Eliminating wetlands has increased runoff surges during heavy rains, eroded streambanks, and increased lowland flooding.[3]

Lacamas and Round lakes, connected by a short channel, have water of "fair" quality. The sedimentation rate of the lakes has increased eightfold since the beginning of the 19th century. As a result, both lakes are eutrophic, containing many nutrients found in fertilizer, soil, and waste from people and animals. Blooms of algae and other aquatic plants supported by the nutrients deplete the oxygen in the lakes and make it hard for fish to survive.[3]

Recreation

Activities on Lacamas and Round lakes include boating, swimming, water skiing, picnicking, biking, and fishing.[6] Lacamas Heritage Trail, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) long, runs along the shore of Lacamas Lake.[7] A 6-mile (9.7 km) trail system at Lacamas Park at Round Lake connects to waterfalls on the lower reaches of the creek.[6] Round Lake is stocked with bluegill, bass, and perch.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Source elevation derived from Google Earth search using GNIS source coordinates.
  2. 1 2 3 "Lacamas Creek". Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). United States Geological Survey. September 10, 1979. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Lacamas Creek Watershed" (PDF). Clark County. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
  4. ↑ Meany, Edmond S. (1923). Origin of Washington geographic names. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 136.
  5. ↑ Evarts, Russell C. (2006). "Geologic Map of the Lacamas Creek Quadrangle, Clark County, Washington" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. p. 11. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 "Lacamas Park Trail" (PDF). Vancouver–Clark Parks & Recreation Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  7. ↑ "Lacamas Heritage Trail (3.5 Miles)". Vancouver–Clark Parks & Recreation Department. Archived from the original on March 17, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
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