Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 2016

Labour Party leadership election, 2016
22 August 2016 – 24 September 2016 (2016-09-24)
Turnout 506,438
(77.6%)[1]

 
Candidate Jeremy Corbyn Owen Smith
Votes won 313,209 193,229
Percentage 61.8% 38.2%
Leader before election

Jeremy Corbyn

 Elected Leader

Jeremy Corbyn

The British Labour Party leadership election of 2016 was called when a challenge to Jeremy Corbyn as Leader of the Labour Party arose following criticism of his approach to the Remain campaign in the referendum on membership of the European Union and questions about his leadership of the party.[2]

After a period of tension over Corbyn's leadership, the immediate trigger to events was the Leave result of the referendum. Hilary Benn, the Shadow Foreign Secretary, was sacked by Corbyn on 25 June after Benn expressed no confidence in him.[3] More than two dozen members of the Shadow Cabinet resigned over the following two days,[4] and a no-confidence vote was supported by 172 MPs in the Parliamentary Labour Party, against 40 supporting Corbyn.[5] It was reported that Tom Watson, the Deputy Leader, told Corbyn that he would face a challenge to his position as leader.[6] Corbyn stated that he would not resign.[7]

By the end of June, Angela Eagle and Owen Smith were being promoted as intending to contest the leadership. Eagle announced her candidacy on 11 July,[8][9] and Smith did likewise on 13 July.[10] The National Executive Committee decided that, as the incumbent, Corbyn would be automatically included on the ballot without requiring nominations from the parliamentary party;[11] some political analysts had previously predicted that Corbyn would struggle to obtain the requisite number of signatures had that been required.[12]

Eagle pulled out of the race on 19 July, leaving Smith to challenge Corbyn for the leadership in a head-to-head race;[13] Eagle said that she would back Smith after she had attracted fewer nominations. Smith told the BBC that Eagle was a "star" and that she would be "at [his] right hand" if he won the leadership.[14][15]

The result was announced on 24 September 2016. Jeremy Corbyn won the election with 313,209 votes, increasing his share of the vote from 59.5% to 61.8% compared with the result of the 2015 leadership election, and receiving some 62,000 more votes than in 2015.

Background

2015 leadership election

Jeremy Corbyn was one of four candidates for the Labour Party leadership in the 2015 leadership election triggered by the resignation of Ed Miliband as leader. He qualified for the ballot at the last minute, nominated by 36 MPs, the majority of whom did not support him but felt that the party should be able to vote on a wider range of candidates.[16] Despite being the most unpopular option with the Parliamentary Labour Party, with only 13 MPs voting for him, he received 59.5% of the first preference votes from an electorate consisting of party membership, members of affiliated trade unions and supporters who paid £3 to have a vote.[17]

Leadership challenge

When it became clear that Jeremy Corbyn would win the leadership election in 2015, the possibility of a challenge to his leadership was predicted by then Labour MP Simon Danczuk.[18] A leadership challenge was then much discussed in the British press in November due to a split in the parliamentary party over the prospect of Britain's participation in air strikes in Syria.[19] Another potential challenge was predicted in April after Ken Livingstone's allegedly anti-semitic comments led to his suspension, and Shadow Cabinet members allegedly held talks with plotters.[20] The Guardian reported that "a small group of Labour MPs and advisers had been telling journalists for months to 'expect movement' against Corbyn on 24 June."[21]

After the referendum

The pressure on Corbyn intensified as a result of the European Union referendum and dissatisfaction with his level of support for the losing Remain campaign.[21] On 25 June, a 'Saving Labour' campaign website was created, to encourage members of the public to email MPs to urge them not to back Corbyn.[22] On 25 June Hilary Benn, a critic of Corbyn, contacted members of the shadow cabinet to inform them that he had lost confidence in Corbyn. He was subsequently sacked as shadow Foreign Secretary, triggering a series of Shadow Cabinet resignations; at least 20 individuals resigned over the next few days.[4] An article in The Observer, published online at 10pm on 25 June,[23] claimed that Benn had been sounding out a challenge against Corbyn.[3][21][24]

Corbyn assembled a new Shadow Cabinet, and insisted that he would not resign.[7] A vote of no confidence in Corbyn was made by the parliamentary party on 28 June, with Corbyn losing the vote by 172 to 40, with four spoiled ballots and thirteen absentees. Labour Party rules did not require Corbyn to resign as a result of the vote.[5] Corbyn struggled to fill a new Shadow Cabinet, which had to be reduced in size from 31 to 25.[25] The Scottish National Party sought to argue that they should become the official Opposition in the Commons with Labour unable to fill the role.[26]

Corbyn continued to refuse to step down as leader, saying that the ballot had "no constitutional legitimacy" and he would not "betray" the members that elected him in the 2015 leadership election.[27] Angela Eagle, a former member of his Shadow Cabinet who resigned after Benn's sacking, was said on 30 June to have the number of backers required to launch a challenge.[28] Separate meetings to discuss the situation were held by Corbyn and Watson with UNITE trade union leader Len McCluskey on 5 July.[29] Following the sacking of Hilary Benn, and the vote of no confidence in Corbyn's leadership, over 100,000 new members were reported to have joined the Labour Party by 8 July, taking membership numbers above 500,000.[30] Both supporters and opponents of Corbyn have been signing up new members.[30]

By 8 July there were no declared leadership challengers, Corbyn had not resigned, and both his supporters and some critics considered that he was in a good position to win any leadership vote.[31][32] Corbyn challenged the rebels to stand against him,[33] and it was reported that Eagle had secured the support of at least the requisite number of nominations needed to launch a leadership bid.[34] The following day, Eagle announced that she would formally launch her campaign on 11 July.[8] In her speech, Eagle said "Jeremy Corbyn is unable to provide the leadership this huge task needs."[35]

The party's National Executive Committee (NEC) meeting on 12 July was expected to consider the arrangements for an election.[36] The arrangements were decided by secret ballot with the vote 18 to 14 in favour of the incumbent leader being automatically on the ballot.[37] The NEC also decided to not allow members who joined the party in the past six months to vote in the leadership election, so the approximately 130,000 new members who had joined since the European Union referendum will be unable to vote. Registered supporters will have a period of two days to register, at a fee of £25, and be entitled to vote.[38][39] Additionally the NEC ruled that local Constituency Labour Parties should not hold members' meetings during the leadership election period.[40]

There was pressure before the nominations close on 20 July for one of the two challengers, either Smith or Eagle, to withdraw in order to unify the anti-Corbyn campaign. The two agreed between themselves that whoever had fewest nominations from MPs/MEPs by the end of the working day on 19 July would withdraw in favour of the other. Eagle, with about 20 fewer nominations, did so, leaving Smith as the only challenger to Corbyn. She pledged her support for his campaign.[13][41] Smith explained that his decision to run for leader was partly because the future of the Labour party was at risk, stating that the "possibility of split is dangerously real".[42]

The leadership race caused a crisis ("fighting for its life") for the Labour Party according to Andrew Rawnsley, chief political commentator for The Observer. On 24 July 2016, he discussed the "mutiny" against Corbyn by the majority of MPs who voted against him in the no confidence motion but warned that they "do not have the backing of a large chunk of the party selectorate [party members who will vote in the leadership election] that picks the leader... [but that selectorate] is wildly unrepresentative of the voters that Labour must persuade if the party is to survive as a plausible opposition, never mind become a viable competitor for power."[43]

Leadership contender Owen Smith had supported the campaign for Britain to remain in the European Union, in the referendum on Britain's membership in June 2016.[44] During an interview with the BBC, Smith opined that those who had voted with the Leave faction had done so "because they felt a sense of loss in their communities, decline, cuts that have hammered away at vital public services and they haven't felt that any politicians, certainly not the politicians they expect to stand up for them, the Labour Party, has been standing up for them."[45]

Procedure

As it was during the 2015 leadership election, the election was to be conducted under a pure "one member, one vote" (OMOV) system. Candidates would be elected by members and registered and affiliated supporters, who all receive a maximum of one vote and all votes will be weighted equally. This means that, for example, members of Labour-affiliated trade unions need to register as affiliated Labour supporters to vote.[46]

To stand, challengers needed to be nominated by at least 20% of the combined membership of the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) and European Parliamentary Labour Party, i.e. 51 MPs/MEPs, at the time.[47] As the incumbent, Jeremy Corbyn, by decision of the National Executive Committee, was automatically included on the ballot. The vote, as in previous elections, was held under the alternative vote (instant-runoff) system.

The election itself was to be overseen by Electoral Reform Services.[47]

Timetable

The Special Conference at the end of the Collins Review concluded that all selection timetables should be, once started, as short as possible. The Collins Report also states: "The NEC should agree the detailed procedures for leadership elections including issues regarding registration, fees, and freeze dates". The party required members to hold six months' continuous party membership on the freeze date to be eligible to take part in a selection.[48][49]

The meeting of Labour's National Executive Committee on 12 July 2016 set a timetable and procedure for the election.[50] Though the party confirmed the timetable would be released when the leadership contest process begins on Thursday 14 July, the timetable was leaked immediately following the NEC meeting.[48][49] The voting eligibility freeze date for membership is 12 January 2016 – those who joined after that date will have to pay £25 to sign up as a registered supporter in the two day window during the week of 18 July.[47] Members of affiliated trade unions, socialist societies and other affiliated organisations who individually sign up as an "affiliated supporter" to the Labour Party must have been a member of that organisation on or before 12 January 2016; the deadline to sign up as an "affiliated supporter" is 8 August 2016. Affiliated supporters already on the Party's membership system will be eligible to vote, subject to affiliates reconfirming their eligibility. Originally, many people sought to join organisations such as UNITE to gain a vote without paying Labour's £25 "registered supporter" fee; however, due to the freeze date for voter eligibility also applying to "affiliated supporters", this union route will not be a possible way to gain a vote.[51][52]

On 8 August 2016 the High Court decided that the decision to disbar from voting members who joined in the six month preceding the election being called was contrary to the Labour Party Rule Book, and they were entitled to vote. This decision cast some doubt on the election timetable.[53][54] In a critical passage of his judgement, Mr Justice Hickinbottom found that "Furthermore, there is no evidence of any suggestion by the Party, the NEC, the Collins Review or any member of the Party that a freeze date could be retrospective, until the Procedures Paper that Mr McNicol prepared for the 12 July 2016 NEC meeting. Indeed, the very opposite."[55] The Procedures sub-committee of the NEC immediately appealed the decision,[56] and on 12 August 2016 the Court of Appeal reversed the High Court's decision. It concluded that under the party rules, the NEC had discretion to set any reasonable criteria for members to vote, and that there was no reason why an eligibility freeze date could not be in the past.[57]

The election timetable is as follows:

Candidates

There had been some doubt over whether Corbyn would have been able to stand if he had needed to obtain 51 nominations like his challengers, as only 40 MPs supported him in the no confidence motion and because the demand for Corbyn's resignation was the "majority position" of Labour's 20 MEPs.[59][60]

On 12 July the National Executive Committee ruled that as the incumbent, Corbyn would automatically be included on the ballot by an 18–14 vote.[11] The party's lawyers, GRM Law, as well as James Goudie, had argued the party's constitution required Corbyn to secure nominations,[61][62] but conflicting legal advice obtained by the Labour Party leadership and UNITE from Doughty Street Chambers and Michael Mansfield, respectively, argued Corbyn should not need to obtain MP/MEP support to be placed on the ballot of a leadership election, as the party rules only mentioned the need for challengers to receive nominations, and did not explicitly specify the same requirement for the incumbent.[61][63][64]

During the last leadership challenge on an incumbent leader (in 1988, with Corbyn a supporter of the challenge), the incumbent, Neil Kinnock, did seek and obtain nominations,[65] but some commentators, including BBC's Andrew Neil, believed that Kinnock may have done this voluntarily just to show his strength.[66][67] Some political analysts had predicted that Corbyn would have had difficulty getting the requisite number of nominations from MPs/MEPs to stand, if this had been a requirement for his name to appear on the ballot.[68]

The results of an Ipsos MORI survey released on 14 July 2016 indicated that 66% of those surveyed believed that the Labour party needed a new leader before the 2020 elections. As well, only 23 percent believed that Corbyn would make a good Prime Minister while Theresa May had an approval rating of 55 percent.[69]

Nominated

As the incumbent, Jeremy Corbyn, following an interpretation by the National Executive Committee of disputed Labour Party rules, was automatically included on the ballot.[11] To be placed on the ballot, challengers to the Leader had to be nominated by at least 20% of the combined membership of the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) and European Parliamentary Labour Party, i.e. 51 MPs/MEPs.[47] An MP or MEP who nominates a candidate does not have to subsequently support, or vote for, that candidate. In the past, some MPs have stated that they nominated only to ensure that a candidate (such as Corbyn) got onto the ballot paper;[70] however, it was (correctly) expected that Corbyn would face a single "unity candidate" after Angela Eagle and Owen Smith agreed that the person with fewer nominations from MPs/MEPs should step aside (which Eagle later did).[14][71]

In an interview, Smith offered the following endorsement of the former contender: "Angela is a star in the Labour firmament. She will be at my right hand throughout this contest and if I am successful, Angela will be alongside me as my right hand woman."[13][72] He explained that his decision to run for leader was partly because the future of the Labour party was at risk, stating that the "possibility of split is dangerously real".[42]

A High Court legal challenge, brought by Labour donor and former parliamentary candidate Michael Foster contesting the NEC's interpretation of the rules to allow Corbyn to be a candidate without having to secure nominations from Labour MPs/MEPs, was heard on 26 July 2016.[73] Corbyn applied to the court, and was accepted, to be the second defendant with his own legal team as Corbyn was "particularly affected and particularly interested in the proper construction of the rules" and that General Secretary of the Labour Party Iain McNicol was "being expected to vigorously defend a position which he regarded as incorrect prior to the NEC decision".[73] The High Court ruled that there was no basis to challenge the NEC's decision that Corbyn should automatically be on the ballot.[74][75]

Prior to her withdrawal from the race on 19 July 2016, Eagle had been nominated by 72 MPs/MEPs.[14] By that time, Smith had been nominated by 90 MPs/MEPs. Smith received a further 82 nominations following Eagle's withdrawal in advance of the nomination deadline at 17:00 the following day.[76] A total of 89 Labour MPs/MEPs did not nominate any candidate by 19 July; 79 MPs/MEPs did not nominate by the close of nominations.[76][77]

The two candidates (challenger nominated by the Parliamentary Labour Party and European Parliamentary Labour Party)
Candidate Born Constituency Most recent position Announced Campaign website
(Slogan) 		PLP/EPLP Nominations Share
Corbyn, JeremyJeremy Corbyn
26 May 1949
(age 68) 		MP for Islington North
(1983–present) 		Leader of the Labour Party;
Leader of the Opposition
(2015–present) 		Incumbent JeremyForLabour
(People powered politics) 		N/A N/A
Smith, OwenOwen Smith
(campaign)
2 May 1970
(age 47) 		MP for Pontypridd
(2010–present) 		Shadow Secretary of State for
Work and Pensions
(2015–2016)		 13 July 2016[10] Owen2016
(Labour's Future) 		18/19 July: 90 35.86%
172 / 251
 68.53%
Undeclared 18/19 July: 89 35.46%
20 July: 79 31.47%

Withdrew

Withdrawn candidates
Candidate Born Constituency Most recent position Announced Campaign website
(Slogan) 		PLP/EPLP Nominations Share
Eagle, AngelaAngela Eagle
(endorsed Owen Smith)[14]
17 February 1961
(age 56) 		MP for Wallasey
(1992–present) 		Shadow First Secretary of State;
Shadow Secretary of State for
Business, Innovation and Skills
(2015–2016) 		11 July 2016[9]

Withdrew: 19 July 2016[14] 		Angela4LabourLeader
(Real Leadership) 		18/19 July: 72 28.69%

Declined

Endorsements

Debates

The Labour Party has confirmed that there will be nine official debates between Corbyn and Smith, of which six currently have confirmed places and dates.[97]

Date Programme Broadcaster Location Moderator
Thursday 4 August; 19.00 Choose Labour’s next Prime Minister The Labour Party All Nations Centre Catrin Haf Jones (journalist, ITV Cymru Wales)
Thursday 11 August; 19.00 Hilton Newcastle Gateshead Sophy Ridge (Senior Political Correspondent, Sky News)
Wednesday 17 August; 09.00 Victoria Derbyshire BBC News Nottingham Trent University Victoria Derbyshire (presenter, Victoria Derbyshire)
Thursday 18 August; 19.00 Choose Labour’s next Prime Minister The Labour Party National Conference Centre Carl Dinnen (Political Correspondent, ITV News)
Monday 22 August Debate cancelled Channel 4 London, England N/A
Thursday 25 August; 19.00 Choose Labour’s next Prime Minister The Labour Party Scottish Exhibition and
Conference Centre		 Lindsay McIntosh (Scottish Political Editor, The Times)
Thursday 1 September Debate cancelled N/A N/A N/A
Tuesday 6 September; 19.00 Faith and the Future of Labour Good Faith Partnership/
Oasis Trust		 The Oasis Centre, Waterloo Tim Livesey (former adviser to Archbishop Williams,
former Chief of Staff to Ed Miliband)
Thursday 8 September; 21.00 Question Time BBC One Queen Elizabeth Hall, Oldham David Dimbleby (presenter, Question Time)
Wednesday 14 September; 21.00 Corbyn v Smith: The Battle for Labour Sky News Sky Central, London Faisal Islam (Political Editor, Sky News)
1.^ Jeremy Corbyn refused to attend any debate hosted by Channel 4, Daily Mirror or The Guardian.[98]
2.^ A location and media organisation were not established in time.

Opinion polling

The polls in this section have been undertaken by media pollsters known to use industry standard polling methods.

The polls below were conducted after nominations for the leadership ballot closed.

Polling of all eligible voters

The polls below show voting intention amongst all those eligible to vote in the leadership election (Labour Party members, registered supporters and affiliated supporters).

YouGov/The Times[99], 25–29 August 2016, 1,236 eligible voters[lower-alpha 3]
Candidate Full Party
Members
(Sample: 732)		 Registered
Supporters
(Sample: 298)		 Affiliated
Supporters
(Sample: 206)		 Total selectorate
(Sample: 1,236)
Jeremy Corbyn 57% 74% 62% 62%
Owen Smith 43% 26% 38% 38%

Polling of Labour Party councillors

The polls below asked Labour Party local councillors across the country how they planned to vote in the leadership election.

Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size Jeremy
Corbyn		 Owen
Smith		 Don't
Know
Labour History Research/Anglia Ruskin University[100] 21–25 July 2016 350 Labour councillors[lower-alpha 4] 28% 60% 11%

Polling of Labour voters

The polls below asked Labour supporters across the country how they would vote in the leadership election if they were eligible.

Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size Jeremy
Corbyn		 Owen
Smith		 Don't
Know		 Would
Not Vote
BMG Research/London Evening Standard[101] 11–15 August 2016 334 current Labour voters[lower-alpha 5] 66% 34% – –
ComRes/Sunday Mirror/Independent on Sunday[102] 10–12 August 2016 347 current Labour voters[lower-alpha 5] 47% 25% 28% –
BMG Research/London Evening Standard[103] 22–26 July 2016 347 current Labour voters[lower-alpha 5] 75% 25% – –
Opinium/The Observer[104] 19–22 July 2016 ~692 current Labour voters[lower-alpha 5] 54% 22% 20% 4%

Polling of British voters

The polls below asked voters across the country how they would vote in the leadership election if they were eligible.

Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size Jeremy
Corbyn		 Owen
Smith		 Don't
Know		 Would
Not Vote
BMG Research/London Evening Standard[105] 11–15 August 2016 1,668 British residents[lower-alpha 6] 42% 58% – –
ComRes/Sunday Mirror/Independent on Sunday[106] 10–12 August 2016 2,017 British residents[lower-alpha 6] 23% 37% 40% –
BMG Research/London Evening Standard[107] 22–26 July 2016 1,545 British residents[lower-alpha 6] 43% 57% – –

Polling before close of nominations

The polls below were conducted before nominations for the leadership closed and therefore may include Labour politicians who will not be candidates. Polls show both free choices among all candidates and constrained choices among particular pairs of candidates.

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Jeremy
Corbyn		 Angela
Eagle		 Dan
Jarvis		 John
McDonnell		 Lisa
Nandy		 Owen
Smith		 Tom
Watson		 Other/Undecided
YouGov/The Times[108] 15–18 July 2016 1,031 Labour Party members[lower-alpha 7] 58% 34% – – – – –
56% – – – – 34% –
54% 21% – – – 15% –
YouGov/The Times[109] 27–30 June 2016 1,203 Labour Party members[lower-alpha 8] 36% 7% 9% 4% 2% – 3%
50% – – – – – 39%
50% 40% – – – – –
52% – 35% – – – –
– – – 39% – – 42%
– 43% – 38% – – –
– – 36% 41% – – –

Polling before the EU referendum

The polls below were conducted prior to the referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the EU taking place. In the aftermath of this event, Jeremy Corbyn was accused of undermining the campaign to remain in the European Union and faced a string of significant resignations from his Shadow Cabinet.

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Hilary
Benn		 Andy
Burnham		 Yvette
Cooper		 Jeremy
Corbyn		 Angela
Eagle		 Dan
Jarvis		 John
McDonnell		 Lisa
Nandy		 Owen
Smith		 Tom
Watson		 Other/
Undecided
YouGov/The Times[110] 9–11 May 2016 1,031 Labour Party members[lower-alpha 8] 4% 10% 8% 43% 2% 9% 6% 1% 1% 2% Undecided 8%
YouGov/Election Data[111] 11–15 February 2016 1,217 members of the
Labour Party selectorate[lower-alpha 9]		 8% 7% 6% 43% 2% 8% 3% 1% 1% 2%
15% – – 62% 12% – – 3% – 3% –
20% – – – 13% 15% 29% 6% – 17% –
24% – – – 19% 18% – 10% 5% 23% –

Result

Full result

Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Jeremy Corbyn 168,216 59.0% 84,918 69.9% 60,075 60.2% 313,209
61.8%
Owen Smith 116,960 41.0% 36,599 30.1% 39,670 39.8% 193,229
38.2%

[1]

Turnout was 77.6%.[1]

National Breakdowns (Full Members Only)

The following section shows how votes from full party members were cast within each nation of the UK.[112] Breakdowns were not made available for registered supporters or affiliated supporters.

UK-wide

Candidate Total
Votes %
Jeremy Corbyn 168,216
59.0%
Owen Smith 116,960
41.0%

England

Candidate Total
Votes %
Jeremy Corbyn 152,063
59.7%
Owen Smith 102,437
40.3%

Scotland

Candidate Total
Votes %
Jeremy Corbyn 6,042
46.8%
Owen Smith 6,856
53.2%

Wales

Candidate Total
Votes %
Jeremy Corbyn 8,507
55.7%
Owen Smith 6,758
44.3%

Northern Ireland

Candidate Total
Votes %
Jeremy Corbyn 541
70.7%
Owen Smith 224
29.3%

Aftermath

Corbyn went on to lead Labour into the 2017 general election, which saw Labour increase its share of the popular vote by 10 percentage points and win 30 more MPs than in 2015.

Owen Smith rejoined the Shadow Cabinet after the general election, with Corbyn appointing him Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in June 2017.[113]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The total number of MPs nominating Smith includes himself as he counts towards the minimum 51 nominating MP/MEPs required in order to be eligible for election.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 Nominated Owen Smith after Angela Eagle withdrew from the race on 19 July 2016.
  3. ↑ Eligible members, registered and affiliated supporters of the Labour Party.
  4. ↑ Labour Party local councillors in 250 marginal constituencies.
  5. 1 2 3 4 People who state that they are likely to vote Labour in the next general election.
  6. 1 2 3 Residents over 18 in Great Britain.
  7. ↑ Labour Party members who joined before 2016 so are eligible to vote in the leadership election.
  8. 1 2 People who are due-paying members of the Labour Party.
  9. ↑ Eligible members and registered supporters of the Labour Party.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Jeremy Corbyn earns refreshed mandate as he is re-elected Labour leader - LabourList". labourlist.org. 24 September 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  2. ↑ McSmith, Andy (30 June 2016). "The Jeremy Corbyn leadership challenge is reducing the most senior members of Labour to tears". The Independent. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  3. 1 2 Andy Mcsmith (1 July 2016). "Angela Eagle delayed Labour leadership bid because 'Jeremy Corbyn could be on the verge of resigning'". The Independent. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  4. 1 2 Rajeev Syal; Frances Perraudin; Nicola Slawson (27 June 2016). "Shadow cabinet resignations: who has gone and who is staying". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  5. 1 2 Asthana, Anushka; Elgot, Jessica; Syal, Rajeev (28 June 2016). "Jeremy Corbyn suffers heavy loss in Labour MPs confidence vote". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
  6. ↑ "Tom Watson tells Jeremy Corbyn he faces leadership challenge". BBC News. 27 June 2016.
  7. 1 2 "UK opposition Labour leader Corbyn says he will not resign". CNBC. 28 June 2016.
  8. 1 2 "Angela Eagle to announce Labour leadership bid on Monday". BBC News. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  9. 1 2 "Labour leadership: Angela Eagle says she can unite the party". BBC News. 11 July 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  10. 1 2 "Labour leadership: Owen Smith to enter contest". BBC News. 13 July 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  11. 1 2 3 Jeremy Corbyn wins vote on Labour leadership rules, BBC News, 12 July 2016, retrieved 12 July 2016
  12. ↑ Wilkinson, Michael (12 July 2016). "Jeremy Corbyn to be automatically included on the ballot in Labour's leadership contest following NEC vote". The Telegraph. London, UK. Retrieved 19 July 2016. If Corbyn had not been automatically allowed to stand, he may have struggled to obtain the 51 nominations necessary from Labour MPs or MEPs to stand.
  13. 1 2 3 Grice, Andrew (19 July 2016). "Labour leadership election: Angela Eagle pulls out of contest to allow Owen Smith straight run at Jeremy Corbyn". The Independent. London, UK. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Asthana, Anushka; Elgot, Jessica (19 July 2016). "Owen Smith to face Corbyn in Labour leadership challenge". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  15. ↑ Sparrow, Andrew; Phipps, Claire (19 July 2016). "Afternoon summary". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  16. ↑ "Labour leftwinger Jeremy Corbyn wins place on ballot for leadership". The Guardian. 15 June 2015.
  17. ↑ "Labour leadership: Jeremy Corbyn elected with huge mandate". The Guardian. 12 September 2015.
  18. ↑ "Jeremy Corbyn Will Face A Coup ‘On Day One,’ Says Labour MP Simon Danczuk". The Huffington Post UK. 12 August 2015.
  19. ↑ "Jeremy Corbyn leadership crisis deepens as Francois Hollande urges Labour MPs to back air strikes against Isil in Syria". The Telegraph. 27 November 2015.
  20. ↑ "Jeremy Corbyn facing 'coup attempt' over anti-Semitism row as ministers hold talks with plotters". The Telegraph. 30 April 2016.
  21. 1 2 3 Rowena Mason, Anushka Asthana (26 June 2016). "Labour crisis: how the coup against Jeremy Corbyn gathered pace". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  22. ↑ Heather Stewart (29 June 2016). "'Saving Labour': Anti-Corbyn MPs investigate party name ownership". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 July 2016.
  23. ↑ Daniel Boffey (25 June 2016). "Hilary Benn seeks shadow cabinet backing to oust Corbyn". The Observer. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  24. ↑ "Brexit: Hilary Benn sacked by Jeremy Corbyn as shadow foreign secretary with Labour shadow cabinet members to quit". The Telegraph. 26 June 2016.
  25. ↑ Charlie Cooper (2016-07-05). "Jeremy Corbyn scraps mental health minister post amid wave of Shadow Cabinet resignations News". The Independent. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  26. ↑ Mark McLaughlin. "SNP makes bid to replace Labour as official opposition in House of Commons". The Independent. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  27. ↑ "Labour MPs pass no-confidence motion in Jeremy Corbyn". BBC News. 28 June 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  28. ↑ "Eagle may delay leader bid 'to give Corbyn time to quit'". BBC News. 30 June 2016.
  29. ↑ "Tom Watson and Jeremy Corbyn meet Unite boss". BBC News. 5 July 2016.
  30. 1 2 Heather Stewart (8 July 2016). "Jeremy Corbyn stands defiant after Labour membership surge". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  31. ↑ "Jeremy Corbyn supporter taunts Labour MPs over failed leadership coup". The Independent.
  32. ↑ "Defeated Labour rebels admit 'it's finished' as Jeremy Corbyn refuses to resign as leader". The Telegraph.
  33. ↑ Tom Marshall (2016-06-30). "Jeremy Corbyn issues challenge to Labour rebels to face him in leadership contest". Standard.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  34. ↑ Andy McSmith (8 July 2016), Jeremy Corbyn could face Labour leadership challenge in next 72 hours, The Independent, retrieved 8 July 2016
  35. ↑ Vulliamy, Elsa (12 July 2016). "Angela Eagle leadership bid: Brick thrown through window of MP's constituency office after she challenges Jeremy Corbyn". The Independent. London, UK. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  36. ↑ "Labour's NEC to decide on Jeremy Corbyn ballot rules". Bbc.co.uk. 2016-07-05. Retrieved 2016-07-12.
  37. ↑ "Michael Crick on Twitter: "Corbyn on ballot by 18-14"". Twitter.com. 2010-08-31. Retrieved 2016-07-12.
  38. ↑ Robert Peston (12 July 2016). "Corbyn opponents try to fix vote". ITV. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  39. ↑ Caroline Mortimer (13 July 2016). "Fury as new members barred from voting in fresh Labour leadership contest by NEC". The Independent. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  40. ↑ Ewen Macaskill (14 July 2016). "Labour grassroots rebel against NEC restrictions on leadership contest". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  41. ↑ "Labour leadership contest – Angela Eagle withdraws from race". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
  42. 1 2 Asthana, Anushka (19 July 2016). "Owen Smith to face Corbyn in Labour leadership challenge". The Guardian. London, UK. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
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