LGBT rights in the Americas

LGBT rights in Americas

Americas
Same-sex sexual activity legal? Legal in 25 out of 35 states
Legal in all 20 territories
Gender identity/expression Legal in 15 out of 35 states
Legal in 9 out of 20 territories
Military service Allowed to serve openly in 16 out of 29 states that have an army
Legal in all 20 territories
Discrimination protections Legal in 17 out of 35 states
Legal in 15 out of 20 territories
Family rights
Recognition of
relationships		 Legal in 10 out of 35 states
Legal in 10 out of 20 territories
Restrictions:
 Same-sex marriage constitutionally banned in 7 out of 35 states
Adoption Legal in 7 out of 35 states
Legal in 10 out of 20 territories

Laws governing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights are complex in the Americas, and acceptance of LGBT persons varies widely. Same-sex marriages have been legal in Canada nationwide since 2005, in Argentina since 2010, in Brazil nationwide and Uruguay since 2013, in the United States nationwide since 2015 and in Colombia since 2016. In Mexico, same-sex marriages are performed in Mexico City and the states of Quintana Roo, Coahuila, Chihuahua, Nayarit, Jalisco, Campeche, Colima, Chiapas, Morelos, and Michoacán, and in some jurisdictions in Guerrero, Puebla, Querétaro and Tamaulipas. Those unions are recognized nationwide.

Among non-independenet states, same-sex marriage is also legal in Greenland, Bermuda, all French territories (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, and Saint Pierre & Miquelon), and in the Caribbean Netherlands, while marriages performed in the Netherlands are recognized in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. More than 700 million people live in nations or sub-national entities in the Americas where same-sex marriages are available.

Furthermore, some other nations have laws recognizing other types of same-sex unions (Ecuador and Chile), as well as LGBT adoption and military service by LGBT people.

However, ten other nations, all of them in the former British West Indies, still have criminal punishment for “buggery” on their statute books.[1] These ten countries include Jamaica, Dominica, Barbados, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Saint Lucia, Antigua & Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada and Saint Kitts and Nevis.


Religion and LGBT acceptance

The British, French, Spanish and Portuguese colonists, who settled most of the Americas, brought Christianity from Europe. In particular, the Roman Catholic Church and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, both of which oppose legal recognition of homosexual relationships followed by Eastern Orthodox church,[2] the Methodist Church,[3][4] and some other Mainline (Protestant) denominations, such as the Reformed Church in America[5] and the American Baptist Church,[6] as well as Conservative Evangelical organizations and churches, such as the Evangelical Alliance. The Southern Baptist Convention.[7][8][9] Pentecostal churches such as the Assemblies of God,[10] as well as Restorationist churches, like Jehovah's Witnesses and Mormons, also take the position that homosexual sexual activity is sinful.[11][12]

However, other denominations have become more accepting of LGBT people in recent decades, including the Episcopal Church in the United States, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada, the Anglican Church of Canada, the United Church of Canada, the United Church of Christ, the Unitarian Universalist Association, and the Society of Friends (Quakers), and some congregations of the Presbyterian Church (U. S. A.). Most of these denominations now perform same-sex weddings or blessings. Furthermore, many churches in the United Methodist Church in the US are choosing to officiate and bless same-sex marriage despite denomination-wide restrictions. [13] In addition, in the United States Conservative Judaism, Reform Judaism, and Reconstructionist Judaism now welcome LGBT worshippers and perform same-sex weddings.

State recognition of same-sex relationships in North America & Hawaii.1
  Same-sex marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Same-sex marriages recognized, but not performed
  Binding judicial ruling against a ban on same-sex marriage2
1May include recent laws or court decisions which have created legal recognition of same-sex relationships, but which have not entered into effect yet.
2Some states in these categories also have a ban unions similar to marriage and binding judicial rulings against bans unions similar to marriage.
Homosexuality laws in Central America and the Caribbean Islands.
  Same-sex marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Unregistered cohabitation
  Foreign same-sex marriages recognized
  No recognition of same-sex couples
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal but not enforced
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal only for males
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal for males and females
Homosexuality legislation in Lesser Antilles.
  Same-sex marriage
  Same-sex marriage only recognized
  Other type of partnership
  Unrecognized or unknown
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal but not enforced
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America
  Marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Unrecognized
  Same-sex marriage banned
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal
----


Legislation by country or territory

Main article: LGBT rights by country or territory
Tables:

North America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bermuda Bermuda
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 1994 (age of consent discrepancy)
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Legal since 2017[14] Legal since 2015[15] UK responsible for defence. Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[16]
Canada Canada Legal since 1969 (age of consent discrepancy and prohibition of anal intercourse in some cases)
+ UN decl. sign.[1][17]		 Domestic partnership in Nova Scotia (2001)[18];
Civil union in Quebec (2002)[19];
Adult interdependent relationship in Alberta (2003)[20];
Common-law relationship in Manitoba (2004)[21]		 Legal in some provinces and territories since 2003,
nationwide since 2005.[22]		 Legal in some provinces and territories since 1996, nationwide since 2010.[23] Since 1992[24] Bans all anti-gay discrimination, and hate speech. Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Manitoba and Ontario since 2015 (proposed in other jurisdictions). Transgender persons can change their gender identity or expression and name without completion of medical intervention and human rights protections explicitly includes gender identity or expression protections within all of Canada since 2017.[25][26][27][28]
Greenland Greenland
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark)		 Legal since 1933
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Registered partnership since 1996[29] Legal since 2016 Step-child adoption since 2009.[30] Joint adoption since 2016.[31] Since 1978 (Denmark responsible for defence) / Bans some anti-gay discrimination.[1]
Mexico Mexico Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 / Civil union in Mexico City (2007), Coahuila (2007),[32] Colima (2013),[33] Campeche (2013),[34] Jalisco (2014)[35] / Legal in Mexico City (2010),[36] Quintana Roo (2012),[37] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Guerrero (2015), Nayarit (2015), Jalisco (2016), Campeche (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016).
All states are obliged to honour same-sex marriages performed in states where it is legal.[36]
(Proposed nationwide).[38][39]

The Supreme Court has declared that it is unconstitutional to deny marriage licenses to same-sex couples in all states,[40] but as state constitutions were not invalidated, individual injunctions must still be obtained from the court.[41][42]

 / Explicitly legal in Mexico City (2010)[43], Coahuila (2014), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016). [44]
Nationwide, married same-sex couples may adopt.[45]		 Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination.[46] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City since 2008.[47] Mexico adopted a legal protocol for gender identity and sexual orientation in 2014 based upon constitutional provisions to equally protect the rights of all citizens.[48]
Saint Pierre et Miquelon
(Overseas collectivity of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[49] Legal since 2013[50] Legal since 2013[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Under French law since 2017, sterilization was abolished for gender transitioning.[53]
United States United States Legal in some states since 1962, nationwide since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Domestic partnership in California (1999),[54] the District of Columbia (2002),[55] Maine (2004),[56] Oregon (2008),[57] Maryland (2008),[58] Wisconsin (2009)[59] and Nevada (2009)[60];
Civil union in New Jersey (2007),[61] Illinois (2011),[62] Hawaii (2012),[63] and Colorado (2013)[64]		 Legal in some states since 2004.
Nationwide since 2015, except American Samoa and some tribal jurisdictions.[65][66]		 Legal in some states since 1993.
Nationwide since 2015, except American Samoa.[66]		 / Since 2011[67][68] / Federal executive order prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation for employees in the federal civilian workforce, along with the government employment in the District of Columbia, and the United States Postal Service, since 1998 (see Executive Order 12968 and Executive Order 13087). Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation with minors by mental health professionals illegal in some states. (Banned in California, Connecticut, Illinois, New Mexico, Vermont, New York, Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island, the District of Columbia and some cities such as Miami Beach, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh and Seattle). Included in the federal hate crimes law since 2009.
(Sexual orientation discrimination in public and private employment)		 / Gender identity discrimination in employment and healthcare insurance banned since 2012.[69][70] Included in the federal hate crimes law since 2009. Employment discrimination based on sexual orientation banned since 2015.[71]
(Gender identity discrimination in public and private employment)

Central America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Belize Belize Legal since 2016[72] Section 16(3) of the constitution bans discrimination on the basis of sex, race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed[73] The ruling overturning Section 53 of the criminal code specifically stated "sex" as mentioned in Section 16(3) of the constitution, includes sexual orientation.[74][75] Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries.

Gender change is not allowed.[76]

Costa Rica Costa Rica Legal since 1971
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Unregistered cohabitation since 2014;
(De facto union pending)[77][78]		 (Court decision pending) (Court decision pending) LGBT individuals may adopt.[79] Has no military. Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[1] Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries. Judicial permission required.

Gender change is not allowed.

El Salvador El Salvador Legal since the 1800s
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Court decision pending) (Constitutional ban pending) (Court decision pending)[80] (Court decision pending) [81] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[81] Bans hate crimes based on gender identity.[82][83]

Transgender persons can change their legal name. Judicial permission required.

Gender change is not allowed.[84]

Guatemala Guatemala Legal since 1800's
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Proposed) (Proposed) (Proposed) Bans some anti-gay discrimination. Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries. Judicial permission required.[85]

Gender change is not allowed.

Honduras Honduras Legal since 1899
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban since 2005.[86][87] Bans all anti-gay discrimination, including hate speech.[88] Bans hate crimes based on gender identity.[1]
Nicaragua Nicaragua Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination.[1]
Panama Panama Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Court decision pending) (Court decision pending) (Court decision pending) Has no military. Bans some anti-gay discrimination.[89]

(Anti-discrimination law proposed).[90]

 Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2006.[91] Legal name change, without surgeries, is allowed since 2016.[92]

Caribbean

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Anguilla Anguilla
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 UK responsible for defence.
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Illegal
Penalty: 15-year prison sentence.[1]
Aruba Aruba
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil Unions since 2016[93] (Proposed)/
Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized.[94]		 (Proposed) The Netherlands responsible for defence.
The Bahamas Bahamas Legal since 1991 (age of consent discrepancy)
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 [1]
Barbados Barbados Illegal
Penalty: Life imprisonment (not enforced) (Proposed) .[1]
British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 UK responsible for defence. Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination.[95]
Caribbean Netherlands Caribbean Netherlands
(Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba; Special municipalities of the Netherlands)		 Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Registered partnership since 2012[96] Legal since 2012[97] [98] The Netherlands responsible for defence. Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[99] [100]
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001 (age of consent discrepancy)[1]
+ UN decl. sign.		 / Same-sex marriage not expressly prohibited under Cayman Islands law, but Constitutional right of a man and a woman to marry a person of the opposite sex since 2009.[101] Same-sex marriages performed in a foreign country are now recognized for immigration purposes. [102] UK responsible for defence.
Cuba Cuba Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Proposed) Constitutional ban since 1976. [1] Bans some anti-gay discrimination.[103][104] [105]
Curaçao Curaçao
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Proposed) (Proposed)/ Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized.[94] (Proposed) The Netherlands responsible for defence.
Dominica Dominica Illegal
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence or incarceration in a psychiatric institution (Not enforced)
+ UN decl. sign.[1]
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Legal since 1822
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban since 2010.[106] [107]
Grenada Grenada Male illegal
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence
Female always legal.[1]		 Has no military.
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe
(Overseas department of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[49] Legal since 2013[50] Legal since 2013[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Under French law since 2017, sterilization was abolished for gender transitioning.[53]
United States Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
(Extraterritorial jurisdiction of the United States)		 Legal since 1903 Legal Legal USA responsible for defense. [108] [109]
Haiti Haiti Legal since 1986[1] Has no military.
Jamaica Jamaica Male illegal
Penalty: 10 years hard labor (not enforced)
Female always legal.[1]
Martinique Martinique
(Overseas department of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[49] Legal since 2013[50] Legal since 2013[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Under French law since 2017, sterilization was abolished for gender transitioning.[53]
Montserrat Montserrat
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban since 2010.[110] UK responsible for defence. Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination.[111]
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico
(Commonwealth of the United States)		 Legal since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Since 2015 Legal since 2015[112] Legal since 2015 Since 2011[67] Bans hate crimes since 2002 and anti–employment discrimination since 2013. US hate crime laws also apply. Bans hate crimes since 2002 and anti–employment discrimination since 2013. US hate crime laws also apply.
Saint Barthélemy
(Overseas collectivity of France since 2007)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[49] Legal since 2013[50] Legal since 2013[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Under French law since 2017, sterilization was abolished for gender transitioning.[53]
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Male illegal
Penalty: 10 years
Female always legal.[1]
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Male illegal
Penalty: fine and/or 10-year prison sentence
Female always legal.[1]		 Has no military.
Saint Martin
(Overseas collectivity of France since 2007)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[49] Legal since 2013[50] Legal since 2013[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Under French law since 2017, sterilization was abolished for gender transitioning.[53]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Illegal
Penalty: fine and/or 10-year prison sentence.[1]		 Has no military.
Sint Maarten Sint Maarten
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Proposed) (Proposed)/ Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized.[94] (Proposed) The Netherlands responsible for defence.
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Illegal
Penalty: 25-year prison sentence (not enforced).[1]
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban since 2011.[113] UK responsible for defence. Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination.[1]
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands
(Unincorporated organized territory of the United States)		 Legal Legal Legal USA responsible for defense.
United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands
(Insular area of the United States)		 Legal since 1985
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Since 2015[66] Legal since 2015[66] Legal since 2015[66] Since 2011[67] The US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well. The US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well.

South America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Argentina Argentina Legal since 1887
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil union in Buenos Aires (2003)[114] and Rio Negro (2003)[115]
Cohabitation union nationwide since 2015[116]		 Legal since 2010.[117] Legal since 2010 Since 2009[118] / Legal protection in some provinces (federal law pending).[119] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal. Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2012.[120]
Bolivia Bolivia Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban on free unions.[121]
(Family life agreement pending)[122]		 Constitutional ban since 2009.[123] LGBT individuals may adopt.[124] [125][126][127] Bans all anti-gay discrimination, including hate speech.[1] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2016.[128][129][130][131]
Brazil Brazil Legal since 1831
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 "Stable unions" legal in some states since 2004. All rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011.[132][133] Legal in some states since 2012, nationwide since 2013.[134][135] Legal since 2010[136] Since 1969[137] / All state-sanctioned social discrimination of citizens since 1988. Legal protection for sexual orientation in many jurisdictions (expansion of anti-discrimination (all) national Constitutional amendment discussed in the Senate).[138] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999.[139][140] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2009.[141][142][143]
Chile Chile Legal since 1999 (age of consent discrepancy)
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil union agreement since 2015.[144] (Pending).[145] / (Pending) Same-sex couples may adopt, although only one is recognized as legal parent.

LGBT individuals may adopt (Joint and step-child adoption pending).[146]

 Since 2012.[147] Bans all anti-gay discrimination since 2012.[148] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2007. Judicial permission required.[149] Currently, a broader gender identity law (which would not require any surgeries or judicial permission) is being discussed by the congress.[150][151]
Colombia Colombia Legal since 1981
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 De facto marital union since 2007.[152] Legal since 2016.[153] Step-child adoption since 2014.[154] Joint adoption since 2015.[155] Since 1999. Since 2009 the military special social security system can be used by same sex couples in the army.[1] Bans all anti-gay discrimination including hate speech since 2011.[156] Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notar, no surgeries or judicial order required.[157]
Ecuador Ecuador Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 De facto union since 2009.[158][159] Constitutional ban since 2009.[160] LGBT individuals may adopt.[161] [162] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[163] Since 2016, transgender persons are allowed to change their birth name and gender identity (instead of the sex assigned at birth) on legal documents. No surgeries or judicial order required.[164][165][166]
Falkland Islands Falkland Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 1989
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Legal since 2017.[167] Legal since 2017.[167] Legal since 2017. UK responsible for defence. Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination.[168]
French Guiana French Guiana
(Overseas department of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999.[49] Legal since 2013.[50] Legal since 2013.[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Under French law since 2017, sterilization was abolished for gender transitioning.[53]
Guyana Guyana Illegal
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (not enforced).[1]		 [169] [170]
Paraguay Paraguay Legal since 1880 (age of consent discrepancy)
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban since 1992.[171] Constitutional ban since 1992.[172] (Proposed).[173]
Peru Peru Legal since 1836-1837
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Pending)[174] Since 2009.[175] [176][177][178][179] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2016. Judicial permission required.[180][181]
Suriname Suriname Legal since 1869 (age of consent discrepancy)
+ UN decl.		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination, including hate speech since 2015.[182] (Court decision pending).[183][184]
Uruguay Uruguay Legal since 1934
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Concubinage union since 2008.[185] Legal since 2013[186] Legal since 2009[187] Since 2009.[188] Bans all anti-gay discrimination since 2004.[189] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name since 2009.[190]
Venezuela Venezuela Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Proposed) (Proposed).[191] (Proposed) Bans some anti-gay discrimination.[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (PDF). International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  2. ↑ "Holy Synod - Encyclicals - Synodal Affirmations on Marriage, Family, Sexuality, and the Sanctity of Life". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  3. ↑ "The Christian Life - Christian Conduct". Free Methodist Church. Archived from the original on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  4. ↑ "British Methodists reject blessing of same-sex relationships". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
  5. ↑ "Summaries of General Synod Discussions and Actions on Homosexuality and the Rights of Homosexuals". Reformed Church in America. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  6. ↑ "We Are American Baptists". American Baptist Churches USA. Archived from the original on 2009-09-02. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  7. ↑ "Southern Baptist Convention". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  8. ↑ Statement on Homosexuality Archived 2011-08-25 at the Wayback Machine.
  9. ↑ "EPC". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  10. ↑ Homosexuality Archived 2011-11-23 at the Wayback Machine.
  11. ↑ "Homosexuality—How Can I Avoid It?". Awake!: 28–30. February 2007.
  12. ↑ "Interview With Elder Dallin H. Oaks and Elder Lance B. Wickman: "Same-Gender Attraction"". www.mormonnewsroom.org. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  13. ↑ "Reconciling Ministries Network". Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  14. ↑ http://www.royalgazette.com/news/article/20170505/landmark-same-sex-ruling
  15. ↑
  16. ↑ Johnson, Ayo (June 15, 2013). "MPs approve historic Human Rights Act changes". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  17. ↑ "Criminal Code (R.S., 1985, c. C-46), Section 159, Subsection (1)". Department of Justice Canada. 21 May 2010.
  18. ↑ Law Reform (2000) Act
  19. ↑ An Act instituting civil unions and establishing new rules of filiation
  20. ↑ "Alberta: Adult Interdependent Relationships". Legal Resource Center of Alberta. 2006. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  21. ↑ THE COMMON-LAW PARTNERS' PROPERTY AND RELATED AMENDMENTS ACT
  22. ↑ LOI CONCERNANT CERTAINES CONDITIONS DE FOND DU MARIAGE CIVIL
  23. ↑ Status differs in provinces and territories:
  24. ↑ "Canadian Armed Forces". The Canadian Lesbian & Gay Archives. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  25. ↑ Northwest Territories Human Rights Act, S.N.W.T. 2002, c.18. Section 5.
  26. ↑ "Ontario passes law to protect transgender people". CBC News. June 13, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
  27. ↑ http://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/topic.page?id=C53953157EE344A681EFD28325B526F4
  28. ↑ http://vitalstats.gov.mb.ca/change_of_sex_designation.html
  29. ↑ "1995-96 - L 162 (oversigt): Forslag til lov om ændring af kriminalloven og arveloven for Grønland. (Ændringer som følge af indførelse af registreret partnerskab)" (in Danish). Webarkiv.dk. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  30. ↑ (in Danish) Anordning om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ændring af lov om registreret partnerskab m.v.
  31. ↑ L 122 Forslag til lov om ændring af myndighedsloven for Grønland, lov om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger, retsplejelov for Grønland og kriminallov for Grønland.
  32. ↑ (in Spanish) Leopoldo Ramos (11 January 2007). "Aprueba Coahuila la figura del pacto civil de solidaridad". La Jornada. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  33. ↑ (in Spanish) Pedro Zamora Briseño (29 July 2013). "Aprueba Colima "enlace conyugal" entre parejas del mismo sexo". Proceso. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  34. ↑ http://www.sdpnoticias.com/gay/2013/12/23/legalizan-bodas-gays-en-campeche
  35. ↑ (in Spanish) "Jalisco avala Ley de Libre Convivencia para regular parejas del mismo sexo". CNN México. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  36. 1 2 David Agren (10 August 2010). "Mexican States Ordered to Honor Gay Marriages". New York Times. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
  37. ↑ (in Spanish) Varillas, Adriana (3 May 2012). "Revocan anulación de bodas gay en QRoo". El Universal. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  38. ↑ (in Spanish) Mauricio Torres (14 November 2013). "Senadores proponen legalizar el matrimonio gay en todo México". CNN México. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  39. ↑ (in Spanish) "Propone Fernando Mayans Canabal reconocer el matrimonio sin distinción de preferencia sexual". Senado de México. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  40. ↑ Summers, Claude (6 June 2015). "Mexico's Supreme Court Effectively Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage Nationwide". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  41. ↑ "SCJN abre la puerta a matrimonio gay en todo el país" (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: La Journada. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  42. ↑ "Suprema Corte ampara matrimonio igualitario" (in Spanish). Mexico: Animal Politico. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  43. ↑ Associated Press (4 March 2010). "Mexico City's gay marriage law takes effect". MSNBC. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  44. ↑ (in Spanish) Jesús Castro (12 February 2014). "Ya pueden parejas gay adoptar en Coahuila; PAN vota en contra". Vanguardia. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  45. ↑ "Intercountry Adoption: Mexico". Office of Children Issues, U.S. Dept. of State. November 2009.
  46. ↑ International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC) (23 April 2003). "Mexico protects its gay and lesbian citizens with new law". Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  47. ↑ International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) Trans (29 August 2008). "Mexico City extends official rights to transgender individuals". Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  48. ↑ Mexico, Protocol of Action for Those Who Impart Justice in Cases that Involve Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico City: Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation. August 2014. ISBN 978-607-96207-3-8. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 (in French) Loi n° 99-944 du 15 novembre 1999 relative au pacte civil de solidarité
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vignal, Francois (April 15, 2013). "Mariage pour tous : le détail du vote au Sénat" (in French). Public Senat. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/france.html
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 6 http://ilga-europe.org/
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "France: Transsexualism will no longer be classified as a mental illness in France / News / Welcome to the ILGA Trans Secretariat / Trans / ilga - ILGA". Trans.ilga.org. 2009-05-16. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  54. ↑ "California Family Code Section 299.2". Onecle.
  55. ↑ [http://www.citizenlink.org/CLNews/A000004948.cfm CitizenLink: Amendment Would Mean No Money to D.C. Domestic-Partner Registry
  56. ↑ Summary of LD 1579
  57. ↑ "Oregon Registered Domestic Partners" (PDF). State of Oregon. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
  58. ↑ "Senate Bill 566".
  59. ↑ Burroway, Jim (June 17, 2009). "Wisconsin Senate Approves Domestic Partnerships". Box Turtle Bulletin. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
  60. ↑ "Nevada legalizing domestic partnerships". CNN. May 31, 2009. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
  61. ↑ "New Jersey Public Law 2006, c.103" (PDF). New Jersey Legislature. 2006. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
  62. ↑ Illinois House passes civil unions legislation in historic vote
  63. ↑ Huffington Post: Mark Niesse, "Hawaii Governor Neil Abercrombie Signs Same-Sex Civil Unions Into Law," February 23, 2011, accessed April 13, 2011
  64. ↑ Votes for SB13-011
  65. ↑ Wolf, Richard (June 26, 2015). "Supreme Court strikes down bans on same-sex marriage". USA Today. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 Liptak, Adam (26 June 2015). "Gay Marriage Backers Win Supreme Court Victory". nytimes.com. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
  67. 1 2 3 "In 60 days, gays will be allowed to s". CNN. July 23, 2011.
  68. ↑ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40729996
  69. ↑ Geidner, Chris (23 April 2012). "Transgender Breakthrough". Metro Weekly. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  70. ↑ HHS: Health Reform Law Prohibits Antitransgender Bias in Care
  71. ↑ Tatectate, Curtis (July 16, 2015). "EEOC: Federal law bans workplace bias against gays, lesbians, bisexuals | Miami Herald Miami Herald". Miamiherald.com. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  72. ↑ http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/belize-supreme-court-overturns-anti-gay-law-n627511
  73. ↑ "Chapter 4 of the Laws of Belize - THE CONSTITUTION OF BELIZE PART II: Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms". Belmopan, Belize: The Government of Belize. 1981. Archived from the original on 21 August 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  74. ↑ Littauer, Dan (10 August 2016). "Love wins! Belize anti-gay law struck down". Scotland: KaleidoScot. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  75. ↑ "Supreme Court declares Section 53 unconstitutional". Port of Spain, Trinidad: Daily Express. Cana News. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  76. ↑ "Transgender Culture in Belize". unibam.org. United Belize Advocacy Movement (UNIBAM). Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  77. ↑ [http://www.nacion.com/nacional/salud-publica/CCSS-aprobo-extender-seguro-parejas_0_1416058622.html, 22 May 2014
  78. ↑ Costa Rica Government To Prioritize Bill Legalizing Gay Civil Unions, 19 Mar 2015
  79. ↑ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/costa-rica.html
  80. ↑ http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2015/04/el-salvador-approves-measures-banning-same-sex-marriage-gay-couple-adoption/
  81. 1 2 Asociación Salvadoreña de Derechos Humanos “Entre Amigos” (2010). HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER PERSONS IN EL SALVADOR: Shadow Report submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Committee (PDF). San Salvador.
  82. ↑ http://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/Gender-Hate-Crimes-in-El-Salvador-to-Receive-Tougher-Sentencing-20150904-0028.html
  83. ↑ http://www.lapagina.com.sv/nacionales/109929/2015/09/03/Homicidios-a-comunidad-LGTBI-tendran-penas-de-hasta-60-anos
  84. ↑ "El Salvador: la Corte Suprema reconoce la identidad de género de una persona trans". NODAL (in Spanish). 10 May 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  85. ↑ In socially conservative Guatemala, transgender people sees gains
  86. ↑ (in Spanish) CONSTITUCION POLITICA DE LA REPUBLICA DE HONDURAS DE 1982
  87. ↑ "Honduras Bans Gay Marriage & Adoption". Global Gayz. March 30, 2005. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
  88. ↑ “DECRETO 144-83” CÓDIGO PENAL
  89. ↑ "Ley No. 16 Que regula el derecho de admisión en los establecimientos públicos y Dicta medidas para evitar la discriminación" (PDF). Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  90. ↑ http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/internacionales/368103-buscan-que-orientacion-sexual-e-identidad-genero-s/
  91. ↑ http://impresa.prensa.com/panorama/Transexuales-panamenos-tramitan-cedulas-mujer_0_3518648160.html
  92. ↑ "Por primera vez, una transexual logra en Panamá cambiar su nombre en la cédula". El Espectador (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  93. ↑ http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2016/09/aruba-parliament-approves-civil-unions-sex-couples/
  94. 1 2 3 "Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands" (in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands. 10 October 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  95. ↑ The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007, sections 9 and 26.
  96. ↑ Waaldijk, Kees. "Major legal consequences of marriage, cohabitation and registered partnership for different-sex and same-sex partners in the Netherlands" (PDF). INED. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  97. ↑ "Gay Marriage Goes Dutch". CBS News. Associated Press. 1 April 2001. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  98. ↑ "Burgerlijk Wetboek, Boek 1 (Civil Code, Book 1)". Government of the Netherlands. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
  99. ↑ https://www.government.nl/topics/discrimination/contents/prohibition-of-discrimination
  100. ↑ http://www.buzzfeed.com/lesterfeder/the-netherlands-passes-landmark-gender-identity-law
  101. ↑ "The Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009" (PDF). Cayman Constitution. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  102. ↑ Duncan, Charles (July 24, 2016). "Gay couple wins work permit appeal". Cayman Compass.
  103. ↑ (in Spanish) Gaceta Oficial No. 29 Extraordinaria de 17 de junio de 2014
  104. ↑ (in Spanish) Entra en vigor nuevo Código de Trabajo
  105. ↑ "Cuba approves sex change operations", Reuters, 6 June 2008
  106. ↑ (in Spanish) Constitución Política de la República Dominicana, proclamada el 26 de enero 2010, Publicada en la Gaceta Oficial No. 10561, del 26 de enero de 2010.
  107. ↑ Dominican Republic reiterates ban on gay cops and soldiers
  108. ↑ Patricia Kime, Staff writer (June 9, 2015). "Sexual orientation added to military's non-discrimination policy". Army Times. Retrieved August 23, 2015.
  109. ↑ Jowers, Karen. "DoD: Protections for transgender youth apply to all facilities, programs". Military Times. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  110. ↑ "The Montserrat Constitution Order 2010". Government of Montserrat. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  111. ↑ "Constitution of Montserrat Part I: Fundamental Rights & Freedoms". Government of Montserrat. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  112. ↑ Puerto Rico to amend laws after US ruling on gay marriage
  113. ↑ "The Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2011" (PDF). Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  114. ↑ Ley 1004
  115. ↑ (in Spanish) LEY Nº 3736 CONVIVENCIA HOMOSEXUAL
  116. ↑ Ley 26.994 CODIGO CIVIL Y COMERCIAL DE LA NACION
  117. ↑ Ley 26.618
  118. ↑ AG magazine (2 March 2009). "A New Argentina Overturns Gay Military Ban". Queerty. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  119. ↑ Buscan replicar Ley de la Ciudad en la Nación
  120. ↑ Página12, 10 May 2012
  121. ↑ CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA DEL ESTADO PLURINACIONAL DE BOLIVIA
  122. ↑
  123. ↑ "Constitución Política del Estado (CPE) (7-Febrero-2009)" (in Spanish). Infoleyes. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  124. ↑ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/bolivia.html
  125. ↑ http://www.lanacion.cl/noticias/reportajes/mundo/militares-y-homosexualidad-los-avances-y-tabus-en-los-otros-paises-de-latinoamerica/2014-08-27/195542.html/
  126. ↑ http://www.confluenciafm.com.ar/vernota.asp?id_noticia=14939
  127. ↑ "Militares gay, entre la discriminación y la clandestinidad en FFAA de Bolivia" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  128. ↑ Bolivia Approves Progressive Law Recognizing Transgender Rights
  129. ↑ Constitución Política del Estado VIGENTE Bolivia
  130. ↑ http://www.la-razon.com/sociedad/primero-Latinoamerica-cambiar-nombre-sexo_0_1556844361.html
  131. ↑ http://www.paginasiete.bo/sociedad/2014/8/10/bolivia-seis-transexuales-lograron-cambiar-identidad-28989.html
  132. ↑
  133. ↑ http://www.stf.jus.br/portal/cms/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=178931
  134. ↑ CNJ obriga cartórios de todo o país a celebrar casamento entre gays
  135. ↑ CNJ obriga cartórios a celebrar casamento entre homossexuais
  136. ↑ http://www.athosgls.com.br/noticias_visualiza.php?contcod=29208
  137. ↑ (in Portuguese) Patricia Silva Gadelha (March 2006). "A prática da pederastia é crime militar". Jus Navigandi. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  138. ↑ (in Portuguese) Iara Bernardi (December 2010). "Projeto de Lei 122/2006". Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  139. ↑ Homosexuality is not deviant - Federal Council of Psychologists of Brazil (in Portuguese)
  140. ↑ Psychiatrist Jairo Bouer talks about the "collateral effects" of "gay cure" bill (in Portuguese)
  141. ↑ (in Portuguese)Expresso da Notícia (13 January 2006). "Justiça autoriza alteração no registro de transexual que trocou de sexo". Jus Brasil. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  142. ↑ (in Portuguese) Expresso da Notícia (25 December 2005). "Justica autoriza mudança de sexo em documentos". Jus Brasil. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  143. ↑ Changing name and sex in documentation – Brazilian Association of Trans Men (in Portuguese)
  144. ↑ Ley 20830 CREA EL ACUERDO DE UNIÓN CIVIL
  145. ↑ http://www.cascaraamarga.es/politica-lgtb/lgtb-internacional/10299-el-proyecto-de-ley-de-matrimonio-igualitario-llega-al-parlamento-de-chile.html El proyecto de ley de matrimonio igualitario llega al parlamento de Chile]
  146. ↑ El proyecto de ley de matrimonio igualitario llega al parlamento de Chile
  147. ↑ (in Spanish) Claudio Ortiz Lazo. "Reflexiones en torno a la homosexualidad y fuerzas armadas". Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  148. ↑ "Chile Congress passes anti-discrimination law". Jurist.org. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
  149. ↑ http://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/judicial/justicia-autorizo-primer-cambio-de-sexo-sin-necesidad-de-operacion-previa/2015-04-08/165825.html
  150. ↑ http://www.biobiochile.cl/2014/01/21/senado-aprueba-idea-de-legislar-proyecto-de-ley-de-identidad-de-genero.shtml
  151. ↑
  152. ↑ SENTENCIA C-075/07
  153. ↑ Histórico: parejas del mismo sexo podrán contraer matrimonio
  154. ↑ "Histórico fallo: Corte aprueba adopción de niña a compañera lesbiana de su madre biológica".(in Spanish)
  155. ↑ Colombia High Court Rules for Adoptions by Same-Sex Couples
  156. ↑ "Este miércoles el presidente Santos sanciona ley antidiscriminación". ElTiempo.com. 29 November 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2011.(in Spanish)
  157. ↑ http://www.elespectador.com/entrevista-de-cecilia-orozco/cambio-de-genero-cedula-sera-agil-y-simple-minjusticia-articulo-564988
  158. ↑ CONSTITUCIÓN DEL ECUADOR
  159. ↑ LEY REFORMATORIA AL CÓDIGO CIVIL
  160. ↑ (in Spanish) Constituciones de 2008
  161. ↑ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/ecuador.html
  162. ↑ http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/PReleases/2015/043.asp
  163. ↑ Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, Political Database of the Americas, 31 January 2011
  164. ↑ http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/es/system/files/ro_ley_organica_de_gestion_de_la_identidad_y_datos_civiles_ro_684_2do_supl_04-02-2015.pdf
  165. ↑ http://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/Ecuadorean-Lawmakers-Approve-New-Gender-Identity-Law-20151211-0001.html
  166. ↑ http://ebar.com/news/article.php?sec=news&article=69480
  167. 1 2 Family Law Review 2015 – Proposals for new policy development and legislation
  168. ↑ The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008
  169. ↑ Homosexuals can adopt, be foster parents, guardians – CPA Director
  170. ↑ http://www.thedailyherald.com/regional/2-news/33563-army-wont-discriminate-against-its-gay-soldiers-.html
  171. ↑ Constitución Nacional
  172. ↑ "Paraguay – Constitution". Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  173. ↑ http://www.paraguay.com/nacionales/presentan-nuevo-proyecto-de-ley-contra-discriminacion-136816
  174. ↑ "Perú: Alberto de Belaunde y Carlos Bruce presentaron proyecto de ley sobre unión civil". Sin Etiquetas (in Spanish). 1 December 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  175. ↑ "El Tribunal Constitucional de Perú considera que no se puede excluir de la Polícia o el Ejército a las personas homosexuales". Dos Manzanas. 13 December 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  176. ↑ "Peruvian Congress Votes to Remove LGBT from Hate Crime Legislation". The Perchy Bird. 6 May 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  177. ↑ (in Spanish)"Peruvian Penal Code" (PDF). Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  178. ↑ http://www.washingtonblade.com/2014/09/18/peru-uganda-lgbt-rights/#sthash.qiX6hWy8.dpuf
  179. ↑ "Finalmente se aprobó la ley contra crímenes de odio y discriminación por orientación sexual". Útero.Pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  180. ↑ "TC reconoce derecho de transexuales a pedir cambio de nombre y sexo en DNI". larepublica.pe (in Spanish). 8 November 2016.
  181. ↑ "Sex reassignment surgery in Peru". Streets of Lima. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
  182. ↑ "Wetboek van Strafrecht 2015" (PDF) (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 January 2017.
  183. ↑ "Transgender wins case for sex change recognition". thedailyherald.sx. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  184. ↑ "Suriname appeals transgender verdict". www.thedailyherald.sx.
  185. ↑ Ley Nº 18.246 UNIÓN CONCUBINARIA
  186. ↑ http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/leyes/2013/05/mec_913.pdf
  187. ↑ Reuters (9 September 2009). "Lawmakers in Uruguay Vote to Allow Gay Couples to Adopt". New York Times. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  188. ↑ Rachel Weiner (15 May 2009). "Uruguay Lifts Ban On Gays In The Military". Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  189. ↑ (in Spanish) Congress of Uruguay (18 August 2004). "Ley N° 17.817". Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  190. ↑ Free Speech Radio News (11 December 2009). "Uruguay passes bill to allow citizens to choose gender identity". Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  191. ↑ "Venezuela activists petition for same-sex marriage". 31 January 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.