LGBT culture in Leeds

LGBT culture in Leeds, England, involves an active community of people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender/transsexual. A BBC News Online article published in 2012 stated that, while Leeds City Council has not published statistics relating to the number of LGBT residents, the figure can be estimated at 10% of the overall population,^[1] which currently suggests a total of at least 77,000. The tenth year of the Leeds Pride march and celebration, held in 2016, was attended by over 40,000 people.^[2]

History

A comprehensive social history of LGBT communities and culture in Leeds has yet to be compiled, and this is the main aim of the ongoing Queer Stories project, a partnership between Yorkshire MESMAC, Leeds Museums and Galleries, and the West Yorkshire Archive Service.^[3] An awareness-raising exhibition curated by the project group was hosted at Leeds City Museum between November 2015 and May 2016,^[4] and included a mixture of objects and testimonies.^[5]

Pre-1970

Pubs and bars catering to LGBT customers have traditionally centred around The Calls and Lower Briggate, an area sometimes referred to as Leeds' gay village^[6] or Freedom Quarter.^[7] In the 1930s, the Pelican Social Club in Blayd’s Yard, off Lower Briggate, was reportedly “frequented by effeminate men who called each other by female Christian names and two of whom wore women’s clothing”.^[8] The Mitre pub on Commercial Street (formerly the Horse and Jockey, dating back to 1744)^[9] welcomed gay male customers in the evenings throughout the 1950s, and was also regularly visited by sympathetic police officers before closing in 1961.^[10] The Royal Hotel, off Lower Briggate, was another gay-friendly venue during the 1960s.^[11]

The city's longest-running gay pub is The New Penny, formerly known as the Hope and Anchor, which has "provided a safe venue for the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans* community" since 1953, according to the blue plaque placed there by Leeds Civic Trust in 2016.^[12] In March 1968, following the UK's decriminalisation of homosexual acts, the Hope and Anchor was featured in an exposé-style article in the local Union News,^[13] which paid particular attention to the behaviour and habits of its gay clientele:

Around the room, men sit cuddling and kissing, or are dancing clumsily together, as they hug each other tightly. Others walk around greeting friends who have just arrived, always touching their bodies and sometimes picking one another up.

The piece also described Saturday as "the big night of the week" and reported that couples tended to move on to coffee bars after the pub's closing time, where they would remain until around 1 a.m.^[13]

Possibly as a result of this article, the content of which was soon reprinted in a national newspaper, The People,^[14] the pub was targeted and "completely wrecked" by football fans following the Leeds United v. Glasgow Rangers match at Elland Road on 9 April 1968.^[15] A period of closure followed, after which it reopened as The New Penny.^[16]

1970s-1990s

The activities of Leeds-based gay rights organisations have been reported in newspapers as far back as 1971.^[17] The University of Leeds branch of the national Gay Liberation Front, known as the Gay Liberation Society, distributed leaflets at events saying "there is nothing wrong in loving people of the same sex".^[18] The group was also photographed demonstrating in solidarity with the people of Northern Ireland, following the events of Bloody Sunday (1972).^[19] Its headquarters, which opened on Woodhouse Lane in December 1973, were ransacked within weeks: a member reported to the Yorkshire Evening Post that a window was smashed, books were ripped, and decorations torn down.^[20] While the wider Gay Liberation Front movement disbanded in 1974, the Leeds society continued for several more years.^[21]

Existing gay pubs remained in business throughout the 1970s, while the White Hart in nearby Pool-in-Wharfedale offered a countryside escape for older gay men seeking meals and companionship on Sunday afternoons and evenings.^[11]

In March 1974, the University of Leeds hosted what was billed as the country's first national conference for transvestite and transsexual people.^[22] Titled Transvestism and Transsexualism in Modern Society, it attracted 102 attendees and included talks and a screening of the 1968 documentary The Queen, filmed on New York's underground drag scene.^[22]

A young records clerk at Leeds General Infirmary, Paul Furness, first brought the World Health Organisation's classification of homosexuality as a disease to the attention of Tom Robinson of the Tom Robinson Band in 1978. The singer made many references to this fact during concerts and included the classification number 302.0 on the sleeve of the Rising Free EP, which included the song "Glad to Be Gay".^[23]

Gay women received support from the Leeds Lesbian Line, a telephone switchboard that opened in May 1982. By the time of its first anniversary, it was being staffed by six women and was available for two hours on Tuesday evenings, receiving on average six calls a night.^[24]

The 1980s saw a proliferation of LGBT-friendly pubs and nightclubs in Leeds,^[11] including The Bridge (on Bridge End); the Old Red Lion (at the corner of Meadow Lane/Hunslet Road); Charlie's Club and Bananas bar (in Lambert's Yard/Queens Court); and Rockshots (on Lower Briggate). These were joined in the 1990s by Primo's and Primo's II (New York Street/Back New York Street); Queens Court, which replaced Charlie's Club; Bar Fibre (Lower Briggate); and Blayd's Bar (in Blayds Yard), which was popular with lesbians.^[11]

Gay-friendly club nights also became popular in the 1990s. Running from 1993 to 1996, Vague was a "mixed" (i.e. gay and straight) night at Leeds nightclub The Warehouse.^[25] It was followed by SpeedQueen, which began at The Warehouse, before moving to Stinky's Peephouse,^[26] where its Saturday night gatherings attracted 350 clubbers each week and featured an outdoor terrace and giant bed.^[26] In 2003, SpeedQueen returned to The Warehouse,^[27] but moved again to Gatecrasher,^[28] and to Mint Warehouse in 2016.^[29] Both Vague and SpeedQueen "blended a kitsch theme with an artistic underbelly which saw clubbers return to some of the outlandish costumes which characterised the late 70s", according to Yorkshire Evening Post journalist Rod McPhee.^[30]

Post-2000

Leeds saw one of the country's very first civil partnerships, which took place at 8 a.m. on 21 December 2005, between entrepreneur Terry George and Michael Rothwell. The couple signed the register at Bar Fibre on Lower Briggate after being granted a special licence.^[31]

The first Leeds Gay Pride was held on 6 August 2006, and saw a parade and open-topped pink bus make their way through the streets of the city centre.^[32] Taking place every year since, the event has grown to involve many local businesses and increasing numbers of attendees, reported at over 40,000 in 2016.^[33] In the same year, its contribution to the city's economy was calculated at over £3 million.^[34]

LGBT students at the city's universities continue to be politically active. In March 2017, they rallied in Victoria Gardens against gay concentration camps in Chechnya.^[35]

Female students organized a "women-centric queer dance party" called Scissors at Leeds University Union in January 2017.^[36] The publicity stated: “It’s no secret that too often the LGBTQ+ scene focuses on white, gay, slim, and able-bodied men; we aim to offset this balance creating a space where everyone can feel free to be themselves and dance.”^[36]

Leeds Freedom Bridge

Plans to repaint the railway bridge over Lower Briggate in rainbow colours, reflecting the design of the LGBT pride flag, were announced in September 2016.^[37] Work was completed by Network Rail in February 2017 and Councillor Jonathan Pryor said, "This bridge represents a tremendous show of support for the city’s LGBT community. Not only will the Leeds Freedom Bridge be an eye-catching addition ... it will also make a huge statement to our many visitors. [W]e embrace and celebrate diversity and the contribution it makes to ensuring Leeds is such a warm, welcoming and successful city".^[38]

Recreation

The tourist information service Visit Leeds promotes LGBT tourism, including nightlife, and produces a Leeds LGBT* Map. Among the LGBT-friendly venues it lists in the city centre are The Viaduct Showbar, The New Penny, Blayd’s Bar, Wharf Chambers, Tunnel, The Bridge, Queens Court and Bar Fibre. The latter two co-host popular Bank Holiday 'Courtyard Parties' during the summer.^[39]

LGBT-inclusive sports clubs are numerous in Leeds.^[40] The athletics club Leeds FrontRunners describes itself as "an all-inclusive club, welcoming anyone who identifies as LGBT*, their friends and even people who just love running and are happy to look beyond labels".^[41] The Yorkshire Terriers Football Club was one of the first gay-friendly teams to be established in the UK.^[42] The Leeds Hunters, a gay men's Rugby Union team, were established in 2016 and train at Roundhay Park.^[40]

Leeds has its own Queer Film Festival, which first took place in 2005, then 2010, and annually since 2013. As well as screening films such as The Watermelon Woman and Set It Off, the event has included talks, zine-making and letter-writing workshops.^[43]

The gay lifestyle magazine Bent is published in Leeds.^[44]

Notable LGBT people from Leeds

• Nicola Adams, professional boxer.^[45]
• Marc Almond, vocalist of Soft Cell.^[46]
• Alan Bennett, writer and actor.^[47]
• Jack Birkett, dancer and performer.^[48]
• Terry George, entrepreneur.^[49]
• Robert Hawthorn Kitson, artist.^[50]
• Anthony Morley, the first Mr Gay UK and a convicted murderer.^[51]

LGBT links with Leeds

The banker and MP Ernest Beckett, 2nd Baron Grimthorpe, who resided at Kirkstall Grange, Headingley, in the latter half of the nineteenth century, is believed to have been the father of Violet Trefusis, who is remembered for a same-sex affair with the poet Vita Sackville-West. Their relationship was documented in a series of passionate letters between 1912 and 1922.^[52]

References

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