Guān

Guan (关 / 關)

Pronunciation	Guān (Mandarin) Kwan (Hong Kong and overseas Chinese) Kuan (Macao, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese) Quan (Vietnamese and overseas Chinese) Kwon (Korean) Seki (Japanese)
Language(s)	Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese
Origin
Language(s)	Chinese
Word/Name	China
Meaning	Close

Guan (simplified Chinese: 关; traditional Chinese: 關; pinyin: Guān) is a Chinese surname. Guan is 394th in the Hundred Family Surnames.

In Hong Kong, the surname is romanised as Kwan in Cantonese. In Taiwan, the Wade–Giles spelling Kuan is used. In Macao, the surname is as Kuan due to the Portuguese influence.

In many overseas Chinese communities, both spellings, Kuan^[1] and Kwan, as well as Quan, are common.

It is also a Vietnamese surname that uses the same character, romanised as Quan.

It is Romanized Kwon in Korean.

It is also a Japanese surname, Seki (Japanese: 関), that uses the same character.

The Vietnamese surname, Quan and the Japanese surname, Seki, was derived from the same Chinese character as the Chinese surname (The Japanese Kanji 関 is a Shinjitai of the Chinese character 關).

Origin and Timeline

A number of groups in different geographic areas are believed to have shared the surname in history.

Guan（关 or 關) - meaning is City Gate, or Close the City Gate - originally name for an official, then became a surname.
During the 23rd century BCE, Dongfu (董父) was a descendant of the ruler Shuan (叔安) in Chifeng within the old Rehe Province of the Khitan state. Dongfu married a daughter of Emperor Yao's tribe, using the surname Dong (董), which later became the surname Kwan (關).
In 1650 BCE, during the Xia Dynasty, Guan Longfeng (關龍逢) was an officer of Jie of Xia's reign.
In 643 BCE, during the Zhou Dynasty, near Mount Xiao within the nation of Jin, the Ji (姬) family used the surname of Dongguan (東關) with region name Dongguan (東關). In China it is common for clans possessing the same surname to live in a village together, with their surname designating the name of the village. Later, the Dongguan (東關) family branched into two surnames: Dǒng (東), and Guan (關). Dongguan Wu (東關五) was an officer of Jin.
In 604 BCE, during the Zhou Dynasty, an officer named Yin Xi (尹喜) is reported to have taken the name Guan Yin (關尹) as his name in public office, designating 關 as his surname. Subsequent generations continued to use 關 as their surname.
The surname 關 exists among ethnic minorities including the Zhuang people, Mongols, and other various Chinese minorities.
Around 1080 CE, the surname 關 arrives in the province of Guangdong at Xinhui, five generations later at Kaiping (Hoiping) in Guangdong province.^[1]
During the Jin dynasty (1115–1234), the surname 關 has also been founded by the Jurchen people of the Guaerjia.
Near the end of the 19th century (1880s), population pressure on the limited arable land in Kaiping county, mainly along the Tan river, induces the rural poor 關 to emigrate overseas, largely (~70%) to North America and rest to Southeast Asia.^[1]

Historical figures

Guan Yu (關羽, d. 220 CE), general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era; aka Kuan Kung in Chinese folklore.
Guan Ping (關平), Guan Yu's son, also a general of Shu Han
Guan Xing (關興), son of Guan Yu and younger brother of Guan Ping, also a general of Shu Han
Guan Bo (關播) Official and Chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
Guan Tong (關仝, c. 906-960), Chinese landscape painter during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Guan Hanqing (關漢卿, c. 1241–1320), playwright and poet in the Yuan dynasty
Guan Tianpei (關天培, 1781-1791), Chinese admiral of the Qing dynasty, who served in the First Opium War

Notable modern people

Guan Zilan (关紫兰, 1903–1986), Chinese avant-garde painter
Guan Linzheng (關麟徵, 1905–1980), Kuomintang general
Kwan Tak-hing (關德興, 1905-1996), Hong Kong actor famous for playing the role of Wong Fei-hung
Kwan Hoi-san (關海山, 1925-2006), Hong Kong actor
Nancy Kwan (關家蒨, b. 1939), Chinese-American actress known for her Hollywood films
Michael Kwan (關正傑, b. 1949), Hong Kong Cantopop singer
Jean Quan (關麗珍, b. 1949), American politician
Stanley Kwan (關錦鵬, b. 1957), Hong Kong director and producer
Susanna Kwan (關菊英, b. 1958), Hong Kong singer and actress
Betty Kwan Chinn (關惠群, b. ), Chinese-American philanthropist, 2010 U.S. Presidential Citizens Medalist
Kwan Chi Lam (關之琳, b. 1962), Hong Kong actress
Esther Kwan (關詠荷, b. 1964), Hong Kong actress
Shirley Kwan (關淑怡, b. 1966), Hong Kong Cantopop singer
Jonathan Ke Quan (關繼威, b. 1971), American actor and stunt coordinator
Jade Kwan (關心妍, b. 1979), Hong Kong Cantopop singer
Michelle Kwan (關穎珊, b. 1980), American competitive figure skater, five-time Olympic medalist
Kelvin Kwan (關楚耀, b. 1983), Hong Kong Cantopop singer
Guan Tianlang (關天朗, b. 1998), Chinese golfer
Lily Kwan (关莉莉), Canadian model and newscaster on Naked News

Japanese people with the surname Seki (関)

Historical figures

Seki Takakazu (関孝和, 1642-1708), mathematician in the Edo period

Notable modern people

Tsutomu Seki (関勉, b. 1930), an astronomer who discovered large numbers of comets and asteroids
Tomokazu Seki (関智一, b. 1972), a voice actor

References

1 2 3 Woon, Yuen-fong (1984). Social organization in South China, 1911-1949: the case of the Kuan lineage in K'ai-p'ing county. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan. ISBN 0-89264-051-0.

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