Krasninsky District, Smolensk Oblast

Krasninsky District
Краснинский район (Russian)

Location of Krasninsky District in Smolensk Oblast
Coordinates: 54°33′36″N 31°26′06″E / 54.56000°N 31.43500°E / 54.56000; 31.43500Coordinates: 54°33′36″N 31°26′06″E / 54.56000°N 31.43500°E / 54.56000; 31.43500
Location
Country Russia
Federal subject Smolensk Oblast[1]
Administrative structure (as of February 2013)
Administrative center settlement of Krasny[1]
Administrative divisions:[1]
Urban settlements 1
Rural settlements 12
Inhabited localities:[1]
Urban-type settlements[2] 1
Rural localities 181
Municipal structure (as of October 2011)
Municipally incorporated as Krasninsky Municipal District[3]
Municipal divisions:[3]
Urban settlements 1
Rural settlements 12
Statistics
Area (administrative district) (February 2013) 1,507.67 km2 (582.11 sq mi)[1]
Population (2010 Census) 12,895 inhabitants[4]
• Urban 33.7%
• Rural 66.3%
Density 8.55/km2 (22.1/sq mi)[5]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[6]
Established 1929 (first),
1965 (second)
Official website
Krasninsky District on WikiCommons

Krasninsky District (Russian: Кра́снинский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[3] district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Rudnyansky District in the north, Smolensky District in the east, Monastyrshchinsky District in the south, Horki District of Mogilev Region of Belarus in the southwest, and with Dubrowna District of Vitebsk Region, also of Belarus, in the west. The area of the district is 1,507.67 square kilometers (582.11 sq mi).[1] Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Krasny.[1] Population: 12,895 (2010 Census);[4] 15,537 (2002 Census);[7] 18,758 (1989 Census).[8] The population of Krasny accounts for 33.7% of the district's total population.[4]

Geography

Most of the district's territory is located on the Smolensk-Krasninsky Plateau. Soils of the area are formed mostly of loam, sand, and sandy loam. Forests cover 29.3% of the territory.

The whole area of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Dnieper. The Dnieper crosses the northern part of the district. Its major (left) tributary within the district, the Mereya, flows in the north of the district and forms a natural border between Krasninsky District and Vitebsk Region of Belarus, itself part of the Belarus–Russia border. The rivers in the eastern part of the district drain into the Sozh, another major left tributary of the Dnieper; the biggest of them is the Vikhra River.

History

The area was settled in the prehistory, and there are multiple archaeological sites in the district. Krasny (originally Krasn or Krasen) is first mentioned in 1165 by the Hypatian Codex, when Davyd Rostislavich, Prince of Smolensk, gave Krasen to his nephew, Roman of Vitebsk. Between second half of the 14th century and the middle of the 17th century, the area belonged intermittently to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, to Poland, and to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Since 1654, it was finally transferred to the Tsardom of Russia.[9]

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Smolensk Governorate and remained there until 1929, with the exception of the brief period between 1775 and 1796, when Smolensk Governorate was transformed into Smolensk Viceroyalty. The area belonged to Krasninsky Uyezd, which was established in 1775. In 1776, Krasny was granted town status. In 1796, the uyezd was abolished but it was re-established in 1802.[9][10]

During the French invasion of Russia, Krasny played an important role, since the French army passed it twice en route to and from Russia. The Battle of Krasnoi was fought here in November 1812.

On 12 July 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Krasninsky District with the administrative center in Krasny was established. The district belonged to Smolensk Okrug of Western Oblast. On August 1, 1930 the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On 27 September 1937 Western Oblast was abolished and split between Oryol and Smolensk Oblasts. Krasninsky District was transferred to Smolensk Oblast. Between 1941 and 1943, during WWII, the district was occupied by German troops. On 1 February 1963, during the abortive Khrushchyov administrative reform, Krasninsky District was merged into Smolensky District, but in 1965 it was re-established.[9][10]

Economy

The district's economy is mostly agricultural, specializing in beef and dairy cattle, potatoes, and flax. Industry includes flax and dairy processing, vegetable processing, and manufacture of drainage pipes (all in Krasny and Gusino).[11]

Transportation

The Moscow–Brest railway line and the M1 "Belarus" Highway both run through the northern part of the district, connecting Smolensk and Orsha. Krasny has access to M1 and is additionally connected by paved roads with Smolensk and with Orsha (so called Old Smolensk Road).

Culture and recreation

Dormition Church, Palkino

The district contains two cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally eighty objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance (nine of them in Krasny). The federally protected monuments are two archaeological sites.[12]

In Krasny, there is a local museum.[13]

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Resolution #261
  2. ↑ The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
  3. 1 2 3 Law #77-z
  4. 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  5. ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value is only approximate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
  6. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  7. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  8. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 "Историческая справка" (in Russian). Krasninsky District Administration. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  10. 1 2 Борис Парфенов; Ольга Хоренженкова. "К истории формирования Смоленской области" (in Russian). Смоленск. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  11. ↑ "Организации" (in Russian). Krasninsky District Administration. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  12. ↑ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  13. ↑ "Краснинский краеведческий музей имени супругов Ерашовых" (in Russian). Музеи России. Retrieved 27 March 2017.

Sources

Further reading

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