Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai

Krasnaya Polyana (in English)
Красная Поляна (Russian)
-  Urban-type settlement  -


Location of Krasnodar Krai in Russia
Krasnaya Polyana
Location of Krasnaya Polyana in Krasnodar Krai
Coordinates: 43°40′43″N 40°12′19″E / 43.67861°N 40.20528°E / 43.67861; 40.20528Coordinates: 43°40′43″N 40°12′19″E / 43.67861°N 40.20528°E / 43.67861; 40.20528
Administrative status
Country Russia
Federal subject Krasnodar Krai
Administratively subordinated to City of Sochi
Settlement okrug Krasnopolyansky Settlement Okrug
Administrative center of Krasnopolyansky Settlement Okrug
Municipal status
Urban okrug Sochi Urban Okrug
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 4,598 inhabitants[1]
Population (2013 est.) 4,666 inhabitants
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[2]
Founded 1869
Urban-type settlement status since 1950
Postal code(s)[3] 354392
Dialing code(s) +7 8622[4]
Krasnaya Polyana on Wikimedia Commons

Krasnaya Polyana (Russian: Кра́сная Поля́на; IPA: [ˈkrasnəjə pɐˈlʲanə]; Abkhaz: Гәбаадәы, Gwbaadwy; Adyghe: Ӏаткъуадж, ‘atquaj) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Krasnopolyansky Settlement Okrug, which is under the administrative jurisdiction of Adlersky City District of the City of Sochi in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Population: 4,598 (2010 Census);[1] 3,969 (2002 Census);[5] 3,300 (1989 Census).[6]

Located in the Western Caucasus, it is home to the new Rosa Khutor alpine ski resort, with a base elevation of 560 meters (1,840 ft) along the Mzymta River, 39 kilometers (24 mi) from its influx into the Black Sea in Adlersky City District of Sochi. The lift-served summit climbs to 2,320 meters (7,610 ft), giving a vertical drop of over a mile at 1,760 meters (5,770 ft). The resort hosted the Alpine and Nordic events of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, having previously hosted World Cup alpine events from February 2012, two years earlier.

Etymology

The name "Krasnaya Polyana" (lit. Red Glade) was given by the Greek settlers in 1878 because of the thick overgrowth of fern, the leaves of which had a reddish-brown color in fall.[7] Walter Richmond, a historian of the Circassian genocide notes that Krasnaya Polyana was named after the last stand by the Circassian Ubykhs, of whom many died there in 1864.[8]

History

Although the vicinity is rich in prehistoric dolmens and contains ruins of about twenty medieval forts, the settlement first appears in recorded history in 1835, when a Russian spy, Baron Fyodor Tornau, visited the Sadz Abkhazian village of Artquaj in the guise of a Circassian mountaineer. Having spent several days in the village, he recorded his observations in a journal. Among other things, Tornau noted that the village was famous for its honey which was exported by the Sadz people to the Ottoman Empire.

By the 1860s, the village was known as Kbaade and became populated with the Akhchipsou branch of the Sadz. In 1864, the area was the scene, significant in Circassian history, of the last battles of the Russian–Circassian War. The area was conquered by four main Russian armies and the end of the prolonged Caucasian War declared (on June 2, 1864). The area became a part of the Russian Empire and those residents who did not swear allegiance to the Empire were removed to the Ottoman Empire. The abandoned aul was replaced with the new settlement of Krasnaya Polyana in 1869. The new settlers were ethnically diverse, including not only Russians, but also Greeks from Stavropol and Estonians, who colonized Estosadok, now a ski resort 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) upstream on the Mzymta.

On June 19, 1899, Krasnaya Polyana was visited by an official commission under Nikolay Abaza, with a view to transforming it into Tsarskaya Polyana, Nicholas II's hunting ground in the Western Caucasus. A royal hunting lodge was erected in 1901, followed by the chalets of Counts Sheremetev and Bobrinsky, among other nobles and high-placed dignitaries. Although it was never visited by the Tsar, the village was renamed Romanovsk (Романовск), after the ruling imperial dynasty. A winding mountain road to Adler was inaugurated in 1898.

Following the October Revolution of 1917, the exclusive retreat reverted to its former name and status and gradually dwindled into obscurity. The proximity to Sochi, the "summer capital" of Russia, eventually revived its fortunes in the last quarter of the 20th century, when it achieved a modicum of popularity across the former Soviet Union, despite limited hotel capabilities and installations, and difficulty of access through narrow mountain passes.

The loss of ski areas in South Caucasus and Tian Shan after the dissolution of the Soviet Union increased Krasnaya Polyana's prestige and importance for Russia's elites. By the 21st century, the locality had emerged as one of the most sought after ski resorts in the country. This is the favorite skiing area of Russian President Vladimir Putin, who can easily reach Krasnaya Polyana by helicopter from his country residence of Bocharov Ruchey near Dagomys.

Climate

Climate data for Sochi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 3
(37)		 5
(41)		 11
(52)		 18
(64)		 22
(72)		 26
(79)		 30
(86)		 30
(86)		 24
(75)		 18
(64)		 10
(50)		 4
(39)		 16.8
(62.1)
Average low °C (°F) −5
(23)		 −4
(25)		 1
(34)		 6
(43)		 10
(50)		 15
(59)		 17
(63)		 17
(63)		 12
(54)		 7
(45)		 1
(34)		 −3
(27)		 6.2
(43.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 36
(1.42)		 24
(0.94)		 25
(0.98)		 38
(1.5)		 63
(2.48)		 67
(2.64)		 36
(1.42)		 39
(1.54)		 37
(1.46)		 33
(1.3)		 40
(1.57)		 34
(1.34)		 472
(18.59)
Average precipitation days 10 6 7 8 9 9 6 6 7 8 8 9 93
Source: worldweatheronline

Location and facilities

Vladimir Putin at the Krasnaya Polyana ski resort in 2008
Ski slope in Krasnaya Polyana
Bottom station Alpika Service

Krasnaya Polyana is sited against the scenic backdrop of the Caucasus Mountains, which exceed 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) in elevation, at a distance of 67 kilometers (42 mi) from the center of Sochi by road and 40 kilometers (25 mi) from the Adler-Sochi International Airport. The settlement has been plagued by transport problems: in order to improve this for the 2014 Winter Olympics, a railway line was built, connecting the area with the airport, Sochi Olympic Village, and central Sochi.

Krasnaya Polyana today offers many chalets, hotels, and restaurants. Its reputation owes a lot to the development of heliskiing in the middle of the 1990s, which provides access to an important skiing domain. Amateurs can ski downhill through a not-too-dense birch forest, with a vertical drop of 1,760 meters (5,770 ft). The station at Rosa Khutor has four chairlifts (lowest station at 560 meters (1,840 ft) and upper station at 2,320 meters (7,610 ft)) and 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) of delimited tracks. As of 2006, the Alpika Service was being developed by the Gazprom.

Structures

2014 Olympics venues

Rosa Khutor ski resort near Sochi, is in the valley at center, and the runs are visible on the shadowed slopes on the left-hand side of the valley. (NASA ASTER image)

[9]

References

  1. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  2. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  3. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  4. ↑ (Worldwide Phone Codes)
  5. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  6. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  7. ↑ "Знай свой край. Словарь географических названий Краснодарского края." Составитель: И. П. Лотышев. Краснодарское книжное издательство, 1974.
  8. ↑ Walter Richmond, The Circassian Genocide, Introduction, Kindle location 36
  9. ↑ Guidebook "Sochi Olympic Games" by Federal Agency for tourism

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