Gorget patches

Collar patch of Soviet Air Forces, 1950s

Gorget patches (collar tabs, collar patches) are an insignia, paired patches of cloth or metal on the collar (gorget) of the uniform, that is used in the military and civil service in some countries. Collar tabs sign the military rank (group of ranks), the rank of civil service, the military unit, the office (department) or the branch of the armed forces and the arm of service.

History

Gorget patches were originally gorgets, pieces of armour worn to protect the throat. With the disuse of armour they were lost. The cloth patch on the collar however evolved from contrasting cloth used to reinforce the buttonholes at the collar of a uniform coat. (This is perhaps most evident in the traditional Commonwealth design for Colonels, which has a button and a narrow line of darker piping where the slit buttonhole would have been.)

In the British Empire the patches were introduced as insignia during the South African War (1889-1902). They have been used ever since in many counties of Commonwealth of Nations.

The collar patches of the most of the armed forces of the Middle East and Arab derive from the uniform tradition of the European empires that dominated the region until World War II, and especially Britain and France.

Countries

Afghanistan

Afghan army has collar patches similar to Commonwealth ones.

Austria

In Austria collar patches of the Federal Army report the rank and the arm of service. They are also used in the police. Traditional, corps colours (German: Waffenfarben or Adjustierungsfarben) dominate the basic colours of the rank insignia.

In the Austro-Hungarian Army (k.u.k. Army), collar patches with rank insignia, appliquéd on the gorget of uniform coat, or jacket and the battle-dress blouse, were designated Paroli.

See also:

The galleries below show examples of Parolis

Australia

In Australia traditional gorget patches are worn by Army colonels and general officers as well as Navy Midshipmen. In the St John Ambulance Australia First Aid Services Branch gorget patches designate State Staff Officers and National Staff Officers from those who are officers of a division or region.

Bangladesh

In Bangladesh Armed Forces officers of the rank of Colonel equivalent and above wear ‘Gorget Patches’. They are respectively Red, Sky Blue & Black in color. For Colonel and equivalent it exhibits a "Shapla". Each flag rank adds a star to it onwards.

Belgium

In the Belgian army, the gorget patches have a branch color and rank insignia.

Bulgaria

Gorget patches in the Bulgarian Army show to which branch the wearer belongs to.

Canada

With the restoration of historical nomenclature and features to the Canadian Army in 2013[1]reinstated insignia included traditional gorget patches for colonels and general officers. For combat branches these are in scarlet with gold embroidery for generals. However the gorget patches worn by senior officers of the Medical Branch are dull cherry, the Dental Branch emerald green and the Chaplain Branch purple.

China

In People's Liberation Army of People's Republic of China gorget patches are used to denote a military rank.

France

France artilleryman's uniform, 1916

In the French Army collar patches were used on tunics and greatcoats since the eighteenth century. Usually in contrasting collars to the collar itself, they came to carry a regimental number or specialist insignia. With the adoption of a new light-beige dress uniform for all ranks in the 1980s, the practice of wearing coloured collar patches was discontinued.

Germany

Arabesques of a German Wehrmacht Generals

Collar patches / gorget patches (de: Kragenspiegel, also Kragenpatte[n] or Arabesque[n]), are to be worn on the gorget (on both collar points) of military uniform in German speaking armed forces.

However, collar patch insignia for General officers of the Heer (Army) are traditional called Arabesque collar patch, also Larish embroidery, Old Prussian embroidery, or Arabesquen embroidery (de: "Arabesken-Kragenspiegel", also "Larisch-Stickerei", "Altpreußische Stickerei" or "Arabeskenstickerei").[2]

In the German Empire, generals, some officers, guardsmen and seamen wore Kragenspiegel, but these were not part of the service-wide uniform.

In the Weimar Republic such patches (or Litzen) were introduced throughout the army in 1921, where they indicated the rank and the arm of service, but were not used in the navy.

Wehrmacht continues this. Some Nazi-era civil services (e.g., police and railways) wore uniforms with collar tabs, similar to the armed forces' tabs. New tabs were also introduced for the political leaders of the NSDAP, for the new Nazi organisations (as Sturmabteilung and Schutzstaffel).

The GDR used similar collar tabs to those of the Wehrmacht for its army and air force. Collar tabs were also worn by some personnel of the navy.

The armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany also maintained the use of collar tabs in the army and the air force, where they indicate to which branch (or Truppengattung) an individual soldier belongs. Members of the German Navy do not wear collar tabs.

Egypt

In Egypt red collar patches symbolize the highest ranks of officers.

Hong Kong

Senior officers, especially the commanding officer of each disciplinary unit in Hong Kong use gorgets patches in their formal uniforms:

The various services inherited their used as Hong Kong was a former British colony.

India

General Dalbir Singh, the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army, wearing the collar patches of a full general

In India, coloured gorget patches are used by senior-ranking Armed Forces officers of selection-grade rank (colonels, naval captains and group captains) and above. Full colonels in the Indian Army wear crimson patches with golden braid to signify their commanding officer rank. Captains in the Indian Navy wear twin silver oakleaves set perpendicular to each other and mounted on golden patches, while Indian Air Force group captains wear the same insignia on blue patches.[3][4]

Officers in the Indian Armed Forces of one-star through five-star rank wear a corresponding number of stars in gold (Indian Army) or silver (Indian Navy and Indian Air Force) on scarlet (Indian Army), gold (Indian Navy) or blue (Indian Air Force) collar patches. Officers of three-star rank and above who hold command positions (army, naval or air force) wear an oak leaf wreath on each gorget patch. Only the three armed force chiefs hold four-star rank and only a field marshal or a marshal of the air force wears five stars. Till date, Sam Manekshaw and Kodandera Madappa Cariappa are the only two officers who have been appointed to the rank of Field Marshal, while Arjan Singh has been appointed to the rank of Marshal of the Indian Air Force. If the Indian Navy rank of Admiral of the Fleet is ever created, the holder would presumably wear five silver stars on a gold patch.

Senior commandants and deputy inspector-generals (below four years service) in the paramilitary Indian Coast Guard, who rank with Indian Navy captains, wear a similar insignia of twin golden oakleaves set perpendicularly to each other and mounted on navy-coloured patches. Coast Guard officers of one-star through three-star rank wear a corresponding number of gold stars on their patches.[5]All senior ranking police officers of the Rank of Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) or Senior Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) (both ranks being equivalent with Deputy Commissioner's are only in towns which has moved over to a commissioner system of policing this rank being equivalent to a full colonel in the Army) get a dark blue patch with a silver lining. This remains the same for the next higher rank of Deputy Inspector General (DIG) or Additional Commissioner of Police (Addl. CP). However, the next senior officer, The Inspector General (IG) or Joint Commissioner of Police (JCP) has a silver design of a long leaf rather than a simple silver lining on their patch. This remains the same for the ranks of Commissioner of Police and the Director General of Police (DGP).

Iran

In Iran black collar patches symbolize the highest ranks of officers.

Jordan

In Jordan red collar patches symbolize the highest ranks of officers.

Italy

Italian Army collar patches

Since the late nineteenth century the Italian Army has made extensive use of coloured collar patches to distinguish branches of service such as the artillery, infantry brigades and individual cavalry regiments.

There are also distinctive collar patches for the San Marco Regiment (Navy), the Guardia di Finanza, the Carabinieri and the civilian police corps.

Korea

In North Korea gorget patches are used to denote a military rank.

Nepal

In Nepal gorget patches of the Nepalese Army, Nepal Police and Armed Police Force Nepal sign the rank of general officers and senior officers.

New Zealand

The New Zealand Defense Force has collar patches for senior officers on the Commonwealth model.

Oman

In Oman black collar patches symbolize the highest ranks of officers.

Pakistan

In Pakistan, collar patches are worn by senior officers and staff officers on the basis of their rank. A collar patch signifies that an officer is either a staff officer (Colonel) or a General Officer (Brigadier or above).

When wearing non-combat standard uniform or service dress, Staff Officers (Colonel) in the Pakistan Army wear collar patches of crimson color with straight golden stripes and General officers (Brigadier and above) wear collar patches of crimson color with golden braid.

When wearing combat uniform (CCD), the collar patches of junior officers (Lieutenant colonel and below) carry the insignia of serving arms. Staff officers (Colonel) have no collar patch and General officers (Brigadier and above) wear the corresponding stars that their rank carries on the collar.

Romania

The gorget patches are used in Romanian army.

Russia

Valentina Grizodubova with collar patch of Soviet Air Force lieutenant colonel, 1935-1940

In the Russian Empire collar patches sign rank according to the Table of ranks.

In the USSR in 1924-1943 they served as the primary insignia of military ranks. The rank system changed several times, and collar patches were different in 1924–1935, 1935–1940 and 1940–1943 systems. When the shoulder straps were restored in 1943, collar tabs remained as an insignia of the branch and the arm of service. Since 1932 they were also used as an insignia in some civil services.

The state of affairs is the same in the modern Russian Federation.

Sri Lanka

In the Sri Lanka Air Force gorget patches sign military rank.

Sweden

In Swedish army gorget patches sign a brabhov service or rank.

Switzerland

In the Swiss army collar patches denote the rank and the arm of service.

Syria

In Syria red collar patches symbolize the highest ranks of officers.

Ukraine

In the Soviet Ukraine colored collar patches (though without gorgets) were used, as in other parts of the USSR.

Historically Ukrainian national units during the period 1918-1920 and again 1941-45 wore collar patches resembling the gorget patches of other armies.[6] These included the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, the Ukrainian People's Army, the Sich Riflemen,and the Ukrainian Galician Army.

United Kingdom

General Sir Bernard Montgomery wearing scarlet collar patches on his battledress tunic

In the United Kingdom, general officers or senior officers of the British Army wear gorget patches according to their branch or arm of service; their counterpart police ranks wear similar gorget patches of silver-on-black. Officer cadets in the Merchant Navy, Army and the Royal Air Force also wear patches.

Introduced for British Army staff officers in India in 1887, the patches subsequently proliferated. Different colours were introduced to indicate the branch of service and by 1940 one finds:

During World War I all staff officers from second lieutenants upwards wore gorget patches and hatbands of these colours, making them conspicuous in the trenches and leading to the nickname of "the gilded staff".[7] In 1921 coloured collar patches were restricted to full colonels and above.[8]

References

  1. ↑ http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/news-publications/national-news-details-no-menu.page?doc=historical-features-of-the-canadian-army-restored/hivnkr3x
  2. ↑ Dictionary to the German military history, 1st edition (Liz.5, P189/84, LSV:0547, B-Nr. 746 635 0), military publishing house of the GDR (VEB) – Berlin, 1985, Volume 1, page 396, definition: „Versions of collar patches“.
  3. ↑ "Captain Varghese Mathew assumes office as Naval officer in charge of Kerala". Metro Vaartha. 6 January 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  4. ↑ "IAF Uniform Reference Book" (PDF). Indian Air Force. 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  5. ↑ "Indian Coast Guard Uniforms" (PDF). Indian Coast Guard. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  6. ↑ Abbott, P. Ukrainian Armies 1914-55. pp. 44–47. ISBN 1-84176-668-2.
  7. ↑ Major R. M. Barnes, page 278 "A History of the Regiments & Uniforms of the British Army", Sphere Books 1972
  8. ↑ In more recent times chaplains, dental and medical officers wear gorgets as described above, while all other Colonels and above wear gold on scarlet gorgets (as they as are described as on the General Staff). Gorget Patches at Mike Comerford Ordnance Insignia of the British Army. Retrieved 21 June 2013
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