List of manga magazines published outside of Japan
The following is a list of notable manga magazines that were, and are published outside of Japan. Not all magazines abroad published their own manga or had the rights to serialize manga originally published in Japan. To qualify for this list, the magazine has to have serialized manga included, or have a section discussing manga. Manga discussion can either be through reviews, or upcoming manga release info in detail. All magazine titles are written the same way in English, unless otherwise noted.
- Most recent issue published only online
Name | Language | Country | First published | Last published | Frequency | Publisher | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A-CLUB (A-CLUB 動畫俱樂部) | Traditional Chinese | China | 1986[1] | 2001[1] | Bi-weekly | Lam Caa-lei group | A-CLUB was a magazine that was published in Hong Kong until 2001. Its main topic included Japanese anime, manga and the Japanese video game industry.[1] |
AmeriManga | English | Canada United States | 2002[2] | 2003[3] | Monthly | Studio Ironcat | Published by Studio Ironcat, Amerimanga was a short lived magazine that focused on original English-language manga.[2] |
AnimaniA | German | Germany | 1994[4][5] | Bi-Monthly | Animagine GmbH | Germany's oldest manga magazine, AnimaniA has been in publication for over 20 years. The magazine talks about the industry in general which also includes anime/pop culture.[6] | |
Anime | Finnish | Finland | 2005[7] | Semi-quarterly | H-Town Oy | This magazine focuses on mainly anime, but also has info on manga, and pop culture.[8][7] | |
Anime Insider | English | Canada United States | 2001[9] | 2009[9] | Monthly | Wizard Entertainment | Published by Wizard, this magazine mainly focused on Anime, but had upcoming manga release info as well as talk about Japanese culture. Publication ceased on March 26, 2009 with staff layoffs.[9] |
Anime UK | English | United Kingdom | 1991[10] | 1996[10] | Monthly | Ashdown Publishing | Anime UK was a magazine that was published in the early/mid 1990s that focused on Japanese animation/culture. Notable people who worked for the magazine include Jonathan Clements, James Swallow, and Helen McCarthy.[11][12] |
Animerica | English | Canada United States | 1992 | 2005[13] | Monthly | Viz Media | Animerica was a popular magazine that focused on anime and manga titles, as well as related works.[14] |
Animerica Extra | English | Canada United States | 1998 | 2004 | Monthly | Viz Media | This magazine was a complement to its monthly review magazine Animerica. The target audience was intended to be for young females. Serialized titles include; Banana Fish, Marionette Generation, and Video Girl Ai among others. |
Aniway[15] | Dutch | Netherlands Belgium | 1999 | Quarterly | Aniway Foundation | This ongoing magazine focuses on anime, manga, and Japanese pop culture in general. | |
Arigato Magazine | Polish | Poland | 2008 | Quarterly | Studio Lain | Arigato talks about the latest anime & manga releases to come out of Japan.[16] | |
Banzai! | German | Germany | 2001 | 2005 | Monthly | Carlsen Verlag | Banzai! was the German adaptation of the Japanese magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump. The magazine serialized manga titles from WSJ, as well as some original German manga-influenced comics.[17] |
Be x Boy[18] | French | France | 2009 | 2012 | Bi-Monthly | Asuka | Be x Boy was a magazine that was a French adaptation of its Japanese counterpart. |
B's LOG[19] | Spanish | Spain | 2009 | 2011 | Monthly | Planeta DeAgostini | Published for two years, B's LOG focused on manga releases, and Japanese pop culture. |
Co-co! Magazine[20] | Chinese | China | 1997 | Weekly | Rightman Publishing | "Co-co!" is a magazine that has been published in China for almost 20 years. It includes its own Chinese-influenced comics. | |
Comic Champ (코믹챔프) | Korean | South Korea | 1991 | Bi-weekly | Daewon C.I. | Comic Champ specializes in serializations of domestic Korean and imported Japanese comics. Titles serialized in Comic Champ are collected into volumes and published under the Champ Comics imprint.[21] | |
Daisuki | German | Germany | 2003[22] | 2012[23] | Monthly | Carlsen Verlag | This magazine was a German manga anthology for girls, publication lasted until May, 2012 with the final issue.[24][23] |
Hanalala | Indonesian | Indonesia | 2006 | 2010[25] | Monthly | Elex Media Komputindo | Hanalala was the Indonesian version of the manga magazines Hana to Yume, and LaLa. Its target was a young female readership. |
Kawaii[26] | Polish | Poland | 1997 | 2005[27] | Monthly | The Future Network | Kawaii was a polish magazine that had manga reviews, as well as info on Japanese culture. The magazine was suspended in 2005 due to poor sales.[27] |
Kids Zone[28] | German | Germany | 2000 | 2011 | Monthly | Computec Media | Kids Zone dealt with anime, manga, and trading cards for children. |
Kiseki [29] | English | Australia | 2009 | 2012 | Bi-Monthly | Independent | In addition to reviews, Kiseki also serialized several different dōjinshi series including Death & Fairy, and Just in Time!.[30] |
Kreko Komik Remaja | Bahasa Malaysia | Malaysia | 2001 | Irregular | Comics Media | Kreko Komik Remaja or Kreko is a Malaysian magazine published every ten days, readership is mostly male which makes up 80%.[31] | |
Koneko[32] | German | Germany | 2004 | Bi-Monthly | Raptor Publishing | Published Bi-monthly, Koneko talks about Japanese pop culture, and has news about the newest anime & manga series that come out from Japan.[33][4] | |
Lazer | Spanish | Argentine Argentine | 2008 | 2009[34] | Irregular | Editorial Ivrea | Lazer was a magazine that specialized in anime, comics, manga, series and other media. It ceased publication in 2009 due to copyright issues.[34] |
Manga Artist | English | United Kingdom | 2014 | Annually | Future plc | This magazine mainly has art tops for manga artists, but also discusses the manga industry.[35] | |
Manga Mover | English | United Kingdom | 2004 | 2004 | Published once | Diamond Distributors | This magazine was only published once, it featured works from "upcoming" manga artists from Japan.[36][37] |
Mangajin (漫画人) | English | Canada United States | 1990[38] | 1997[38] | Monthly | Mangajin | Mangajin was a magazine for students of Japanese language and culture. The magazine also featured manga such as What's Michael?.[38] |
Mangaphile | English | Canada United States | 1999 | 2004 | Quarterly | Radio Comix | Mangaphile published Amerimanga, and featured reviews with artists such as Adam Warren, Fred Perry, and Kenichi Sonoda. Publication ended in July, 2004.[39][40] |
Manga Twister | German | Germany | 2003 | 2006 | Bi-Monthly | Egmont Manga and Anime | Manga Twister ran mainly Shōjo, and Shōnen titles that were adapted for a Germen audience.[41] |
Mangazine (English) | English | Canada United States | 1985 | 2005 | Monthly | Antarctic Press | Mangazine was a long running magazine that was published by Antarctic Press. Its focus was American manga compilations (Amerimanga).[42] |
Mangazine (Italian) | Italian | Italy | 1989 | 1995 | Monthly | Granata Press | Mangazine is also the name of an Italian magazine that was published mainly in the early 1990s. The magazine featured information about manga, and related Japanese culture.[43] |
MyM | English | United Kingdom | 2012[44] | Monthly | MCM Expo Group | This magazine originally focused on various aspects of Japanese pop culture including manga, but has since become a full entertainment magazine.[45] | |
Nakayoshi Gress | Indonesian | Indonesia | 2004 | 2017 | Monthly | Elex Media Komputindo | Nakayoshi Gress was an Indonesian adaptation of the shōjo magazine Nakayoshi. |
Neo | English | United Kingdom | 2004 | Monthly | Uncooked Media | Neo focuses on anime, and manga which its staff gives reviews on. Also included are Japanese pop culture updates. | |
Newtype Korea (뉴타입) | Korean | South Korea | 1999 | 2014[46] | Monthly | Daewon C.I. | Newtype Korea was a Korean adaptation of the magazine Newtype with added emphasis on domestic Korean animation projects.[47] |
Newtype USA | English | United States | 2002 | 2008 | Monthly | A.D. Vision | Newtype USA was an English adaptation of the magazine Newtype which features anime, and manga reviews. |
Otaku | Polish | Poland | 2006 | Monthly | Studio JG | This magazine talks about anime & manga series, it came into existence after the collapse of the manga magazine Kawaii.[48][49] | |
Otaku USA | English | Canada United States | 2007[50] | Bi-monthly | Sovereign Media | Otaku USA first started in 2007, and focuses on anime, manga, and Japanese pop culture. Notable reviewers include; Jason Thompson, and Shaenon K. Garrity.[50] | |
OzTAKU | English | Australia | 2004[51] | 2007 | Unknown | Independent | OzTAKU was an anthology magazine that published Dōjinshi. Artists included Ian C. Thomas among others.[52] |
PiQ | English | United States | 2008[53] | 2008[54] | Monthly | A.D. Vision | PiQ was a magazine that was a replacement for NewtypeUSA that had ceased publication.[53][55] After only 4 issues though PiQ itself folded with a final issue in July, 2008.[54] |
Play (US magazine) | English | United States | 2001 | 2010 | Monthly | Fusion Publishing | Play was a U.S.-based magazine that focused on video games, manga and anime, and other media such as film and television, comics, music. |
Protoculture Addicts | English | Canada United States | 1987[56] | 2008[56] | Irregular | Protoculture Inc. | Protoculture Addicts was a Canadian-based anime and manga themed magazine. It was later acquired by Anime News Network, but eventually ceased publication in 2008.[57][58][56] |
Pulp | English | Canada United States | 1997[59] | 2002[59] | Monthly | Viz Media | Pulp was a monthly manga anthology that was marketed at adults rather than teenage readers. Some of titles serialized in the magazine included: Uzumaki, Banana Fish, and Dance Till Tomorrow.[59] |
Raijin Comics | English | Canada United States | 2002[60] | 2004[61] | Monthly | Gutsoon! Entertainment | Rajin published, and imprinted several titles that included Bomber Girl, and Fist of the North Star before going on hiatus in 2004. The magazine is considered defunct after losing its website domain.[61][62] |
Shojo Beat | English | Canada United States | 2005[63] | 2009[64] | Monthly | Viz Media | Shojo Beat serialized several different Shōjo manga series in English before ceasing publication in July 2009. Viz stated that the "difficult economic climate" was behind the cancellation.[63][64][65] |
Shonen Jump | English | Canada United States | 2002[66] | 2012[67] | Monthly | Viz Media | Various English language Shōnen manga series were serialized in Shonen Jump. The magazine was discontinued in 2012 when it went digital under the name Weekly Shonen Jump.[67][68] |
Shonen Jump (Norwegian) | Norwegian | Norway | 2005 | 2007 | Monthly | Schibsted Förlag AB | This was a Norwegian language edition of Weekly Shōnen Jump. Two short imprints were published which were titled "En Bok Fra Shonen Jump", and "Dragon Ball Ekstra" (Dragon Ball Extra).[69] A film comic was also released under the "TV Anime Comic" imprint.[70] |
Shonen Jump (Swedish) | Swedish | Sweden | 2005 | 2007[71] | Monthly | Bonnier Carlsen | This was a Swedish language edition of Weekly Shōnen Jump. The magazine included chapters from various Weekly Shōnen Jump titles before being discontinued in 2007.[71] |
Shonen Magz | Indonesian | Indonesia | 2004 | 2013 | Monthly | Elex Media Komputindo | Shonen Magz was the Indonesian version of the Japanese Weekly Shōnen Magazine. Various Shōnen manga titles were published before it was cancelled in July 2013. |
Shonen Star | Indonesian | Indonesia | 2005 | 2013 | Semi-Monthly | Elex Media Komputindo | Shōnen Star was the Indonesian version of Weekly Shōnen Sunday. The magazine published titles such as Kurozakuro, Robot Boys, My Wing, and Midori's Days before being cancelled in November 2013. |
Smile | English | Canada United States | 1998[72] | 2002 | Monthly | Tokyopop | Smile was a magazine aimed at a young female readership. Titles serialized in the magazine included Sailor Moon, and Peach Girl.[72] |
Starz (magazine) | Malaysian | Malaysia | 2004 | 2008 | Semi-monthly | Art Square Group | Starz contained articles that were about the latest anime, manga, and anime-related things such as DVDs, OSTs, and toys. Serialized series included Helios Eclipse, and Fatal Chaos.[73] |
Super Manga Blast! | English | Canada United States | 2000[74] | 2005[75] | Weekly | Dark Horse Comics | Super Manga Blast! was a manga anthology that ran for 59 issues before being discontinued.[75] |
Tokyopop (formerly MixxZine) | English | Canada United States | 1997[76] | 2000[76] | Monthly | Tokyopop | MixxZine originally started as a magazine aimed towards a young female readership before changing its name to Tokyopop, and switching to more information on Asian culture. The magazine published several manga series in English including Sailor Moon, and Magic Knight Rayearth.[77] |
Weekly Comic (漫画周刊) | Mandarin | Malaysia | 1991 | Weekly | Comics Media | Weekly Comic is a weekly manga magazine based in Malaysia that serializes manga that was originally published in Japan. The magazine is aimed at Chinese readership.[78][79] | |
Weekly Passion Times (熱血少年月刊) | Chinese | China | 2013 | Weekly | Passion Times | This magazine is used by Hong Kong-based manga creators as a platform to release their works. In 2014, the magazine was forced to apologize after publishing content that was deemed as obscene in China.[80] | |
Weekly Shonen Jump (formerly Weekly Shõnen Jump Alpha) | English | Canada United States | 2012[81] | Weekly | Viz Media | Weekly Shonen Jump is a digital magazine that serializes English language adaptations of manga originally published in Japan.[81] | |
Xuan Xuan | English | Australia | 2003 | 2006 | Tri-annual | Independent | Xuan Xuan was a magazine that was a collection of short serialized manga produced by amateur Australian writers and artists. (Dōjinshi)[82] |
Yen Plus | English | Canada United States | 2008[83] | 2013[84] | Monthly | Yen Press | Yen Plus was a magazine that ran several different manga series before ending in December, 2013.[84] |
See also
References
- 1 2 3 "香港著名动漫杂志《A-CLUB》停刊" (in Japanese). Sina. June 6, 2001. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- 1 2 "I.C. promotes AmeriManga". Anime News Network. November 27, 2002. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ Jonathan Mays (November 3, 2003). "Inside Studio Ironcat". Anime News Network. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
- 1 2 Martin de la Iglesia (July 31, 2013). "German manga (?) magazines: Animania and Koneko". 650 Cent Plague. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- ↑ Casey Brienza. Global Manga: 'Japanese' Comics without Japan?. Routledge. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- ↑ "AnimaniA". animania.de. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- 1 2 "Anime (magazine)". H-Town Oy. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
- ↑ "Anime Magazine". animelehti.fi. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
- 1 2 3 "Anime Insider Ends Publication After Eight Years (Update 2)". Anime News Network. March 26, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
- 1 2 John A. Lent. "Animation in Asia and the Pacific". Indiana University Press. p. 76. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
- ↑ "Anime UK". www.transformationsequence.com. Archived from the original on December 18, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Information on Helen McCarthy". AnimeCons.com. May 2003. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Animerica to Radically Change Distribution". Anime News Network. February 17, 2005. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
- ↑ "SPJA Awards". Anime News Network. 2000-07-06. Retrieved October 15, 2008.
- ↑ "Aniway". www.Aniway.nl. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
- ↑ "Arigato Magazine Issues" (in Polish). www.magazyn-arigato.pl. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "BANZAI! De Nihongo". BANZAI! De Nihongo. Carlsen Verlag. Archived from the original on July 25, 2005. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
- ↑ "Be X Boy". www.bexboy.fr. Archived from the original on July 9, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ↑ "B's LOG". www.planetadeagostinicomics.com. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ↑ "CoCo!". www.co-co.hk. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
- ↑ Kim, Byeong-su (2007-06-10). 짝퉁' <시사저널>의 엉터리 기사들 (in Korean). Daum. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ Nagai, Asami (1 March 2003). "Manga influence pervades Europe, North America". The Daily Yomiuri.
- 1 2 "Daisuki-Fragen". www.carlsen.de. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
- ↑ "Mädchen-Manga "Daisuki": Trendy statt Wendy". www.spiegel.de. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
- ↑ "Sayonara & Arigato (Closing Message from HanaLaLa)" (in Indonesian). Elex Media Komputindo. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
- ↑ "Kawaii Magazine". www.kawaii.pl. Archived from the original on March 5, 2001. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- 1 2 Michał Durys. "Krajobraz po Kawaii" (in Polish). anime.com.pl. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Kids Zone". www.kidszone.de. Archived from the original on January 5, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ↑ "Kiseki Magazine". www.kisekimanga.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ↑ "Kiseki Magazine (About Us)". www.kisekimanga.com. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
- ↑ "Kreko by Comics Media". egmedium.com. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Koneko". Raptor Publishing. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ↑ "About Koneko" (in German). Facebook. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- 1 2 "Revistalazer" (in Spanish). Editorial Ivrea. Archived from the original on October 8, 2010. Retrieved August 16, 2009.
- ↑ "Discover key techniques to raise your manga art game". www.creativebloq.com. June 12, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
- ↑ "Manga Mover Announcement". Anime News Network. October 8, 2004. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Manga Mover". www.boychildproductions.co.uk. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- 1 2 3 "Developing the Concept". Wasabi Brothers. Archived from the original on 20 October 2010. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Mangaphile review". www.animefringe.com. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
- ↑ "Comic Listing". Radio Comix. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Manga Twister". www.mangaguide.de. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ↑ "Mangazine The hottest items!". Antarctic Press. Archived from the original on November 11, 2007. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Mangazine (Italy)" (in Italian). www.flashfumetto.it. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Interview with MyM publisher Tarik Alozdi". Otaku News. 25 March 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "MCM Expo Group Acquires MyM Magazine". Otaku News. 11 October 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Newtype Korea" (in Korean). Daiwon C.I. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
- ↑ "Newtype Korea" (in Korean). Daiwon C.I. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
- ↑ "Otaku" (in Polish). www.otaku.pl. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ↑ Michał Durys. "Otaku #1" (in Polish). anime.com.pl. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- 1 2 "Otaku USA Magazine Arrives June 5". Anime News Network. May 16, 2007. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "OzTAKU #1, 2004". www.tabula-rasa.info. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Moth & Tanuki in Oztaku 1.3". ianthomasgraphics.blogspot.com. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- 1 2 "PiQ". Archived from the original on 2008-02-19. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
PiQ Magazine will be available on newsstands and sent to subscribers in mid-March 2008.
- 1 2 "The last issue". PiQ. 2008-06-14. Archived from the original on 2008-06-15. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
- ↑ "Newtype USA to Cease Publication". Anime News Network. 2008-01-09. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
- 1 2 3 "Dead English Language Anime Magazines: "Protoculture Addicts"". The Anime Archivist. June 12, 2014. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ Anne Cooper-Chen (2010). Cartoon Cultures: The Globalization of Japanese Popular Media. Peter Lang. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-4331-0368-1. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
- ↑ "Protoculture Addicts 97". Protoculture Addicts. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- 1 2 3 "2002 PRESS RELEASES: VIZ DETAILS CANCELLATION OF PULP: THE MANGA MAGAZINE". April 29, 2002. Archived from the original on June 18, 2010. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Raijin Comics Details". Anime News Network. May 20, 2002. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- 1 2 "Raijin on hiatus". Anime News Network. March 15, 2004. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Raijin Comics Loses Domain". Anime News Network. May 5, 2005. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- 1 2 "Shojo Beat Details". Anime News Network. February 8, 2005. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- 1 2 "Shojo Beat Magazine No Longer Accepting Subscriptions". Anime News Network. May 19, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Viz Confirms Shojo Beat Manga Magazine's End in June (Updated)". Anime News Network. May 19, 2009. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
- ↑ "DBZ and Yu Gi Oh Headline US Shonen Jump". ICv2. June 12, 2002. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- 1 2 "Viz's Shonen Jump Print Magazine to End Next March". Anime News Network. October 14, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
- ↑ "Viz to Launch Weekly Shonen Jump Alpha Digital Anthology". Anime News Network. October 14, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
- ↑ "SANDLAND". SANDLAND. Shibsted Folagene. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
- ↑ "Dragon Ball Z". Dragon Ball Z. Shibsted Folagene. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
- 1 2 "Shonen Jump" (in Swedish). Seriesams Guide!. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
- 1 2 "Press release regarding MixxZine® and Smile™ addressed to MixxZine subscribers". Mixxonline. Archived from the original on October 2, 2000. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- ↑ "Gempak Starz". www.gempakstarz.com. Archived from the original on October 31, 2004. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "U.S. Manga News Briefs". Anime News Network. October 23, 1999. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
- 1 2 "Super Manga Blast Discontinued". Anime News Network. November 24, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
- 1 2 "ANIMEfringe: Features: Full Circle - Part 5". www.animefringe.com. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
- ↑ "ANIMEfringe: Features: Full Circle - Part 4". www.animefringe.com. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
- ↑ "Comic Weekly Publication Details" (PDF). egmedium.com. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Weekly Comic". egmedium.com. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "《黨娘》抄襲H-Game 《熱血少年週刊》封殺惠昌" (in Chinese). gameover.com.hk. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- 1 2 "Viz's Shonen Jump Print Magazine to End Next March". Anime News Network. October 14, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Xuan Xuan About/FAQ". members.iinet.net.au. Archived from the original on August 6, 2004. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Monthly manga anthology magazine coming in Summer 2008!". Yen Press. November 29, 2007. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- 1 2 "Yen Press to End Yen Plus Digital Magazine in Current Format". Anime News Network. December 3, 2013. Retrieved December 17, 2015.
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