Kola (historical region)

Kola (Georgian: კოლა K'ola) was a region in historical southwestern Georgia.

History

The name derives from ancient Georgian tribes of Colchis, who were one of the first inhabitants of this place. region contained sources of Kura river. in IV BC, it was part of Kingdom of Iberia and remained as one of the district of Duchy of Tsunda. later it was part of Kingdom of Armenia, during subsequent centuries it frequently changed hands between Iberians and Armenians. in I-II AD part of Iberia. in the VII century it passed to the Arab Caliphate. in VIII century it became base of Kuropalatine of Iberia (principalities of Tao-Klarjeti) in struggle against the Arab occupation, it was under nominal dependence on Byzantine Empire.

today Kola is known as Göle and it is district in Ardahan Province of Turkey.

in 888 year principality of Tao-Klarjeti transformed into Kingdom of the Kartvels, later it was unified with Kingdom of Abkhazia and was known as Kingdom of Georgia. It was conquered in 1242 by the Mongols; was regained by Georgian Kingdom during the reign of George V the Brilliant (1314–1346), it remained part of the Kingdom before its disintegration, which then passed into the hands of Georgian Atabegs belonging to the House of Jaqeli; it was conquered in 1502 by Persia and was probably in 1561 taken by the Ottoman Empire from the Georgian ruler of Samtskhe. Kola was occupied by the Russian Empire from 1878 until the end of the First World War, when it was part of the militarily administered Kars Oblast. in 1918 region was controlled by Democratic Republic of Georgia, in 1921 it was conquered by Republic of Turkish.

Further reading

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