Khemarak Phoumin

Khemarak Phoumin
ក្រុងខេមរភូមិន្ទ
City

Koh Kong Bridge
Khemarak Phoumin

Location of Khemarak Phoumin in Cambodia

Coordinates: 11°37′N 102°59′E / 11.617°N 102.983°E / 11.617; 102.983
Country  Cambodia
Province Koh Kong Province
District Smach Meanchey
Elevation 3 m (10 ft)
Population (2008)[1]
 • Total 36,053

Krong Khemarak Phoumin (Khmer: ក្រុងខេមរភូមិន្ទ), also known as Koh Kong (Khmer: ក្រុងកោះកុង), is the capital of Koh Kong Province in Cambodia. It is located near the mouth of the Kah Bpow river in Smach Mean Chey district on the Gulf of Thailand. The city lies only 10 kilometres from the Thai border. However, it is 138 kilometres by Highway 48 to National Highway 4 at Sre Ambel and a further 133 kilometres to Phnom Penh.[2] After the completion of the bridges on the Highway 48 in 2007 - 2010 the terrestrial link to Phnom Penh and Sihanoukville has significantly improved.

Frontier town

Cambodian fishing boats in the Gulf of Thailand

Koh Kong has long had a reputation as a “Wild West” frontier town.[3] Until recently, access to the town from Cambodia was mostly by sea or air due to the poor road conditions. In this relative isolation, illegal logging, wild animal smuggling, banditry, gambling, prostitution and a soaring rate of HIV AIDS infection[4] have given Koh Kong its frontier town reputation. However, with the building of the Thai-Cambodian bridge across the river and the upgrading of the road to the national highway, industry and investment has increased and the town is becoming a modest tourist destination.

Location

Koh Kong town is accessible by land, sea and air. From Bangkok it is 450 Kilometres by road to Had Lek in Khlong Yai district in Thailand and a short trip from there to the Cham Yeam international border crossing. From the border it is 10 kilometres to the town.[5] Travelling from the capital Phnom Penh, it is 133 kilometres west along National Highway 4 to the town of Sre Ambel. From Sre Ambel a narrow road winds 138 kilometres through the lower Cardamom Mountains before reaching Koh Kong. The road crosses four large rivers where bridges have recently been built. In 2002, the Koh Kong bridge was completed linking the town of Koh Kong with the border crossing to Thailand. The bridge was completed at a cost of US 7.2 million dollars and is 1900 metres long, making it the longest bridge in Cambodia.[6]

Recent history

Until the end of the 1990s, Koh Kong was one of the least secure parts of the country. Elements of the Khmer Rouge based in the lower Cardamoms still posed a serious threat to locals and travellers. The area was the scene of intermittent fighting between the government and Democratic Kampuchea forces until 1998.

On 21 April 1984, the Khmer Rouge captured the town of Koh Kong and held it for a night and day. They claimed via Khmer Rouge Radio to have killed 1,107 Vietnamese troops and injured 125 more during the battle.[7] On June 6, 1985 Khmer Rouge troops attacked an outpost near the provincial town. Khmer Rouge Radio reported that they had killed 28 Vietnamese soldiers and injured 34 others.[8] attacked Koh Kong casino with rifles, rocket-propelled grenades and mortars.[9] As late as 1998, the Khmer Rouge were still active in the area. In November of that year, one of the last recorded incidents before the surrender of the remaining Khmer Rouge forces to the government occurred near the international border crossing outside of Koh Kong city. On Monday night at 6.10 p.m. the casino attached to the Koh Kong International Resort was attacked by elements of the Khmer Rouge. One Thai gambler was injured in the attack which involved rocket-propelled grenades, mortars and conventional rifles. The Trat police chief later stated that the attack was prompted by the casino failing to make a protection payment to the rebel group.[9]

Environment

Overflight of an illegal logging camp in the Cardamom Mountains in Koh Kong Province

Koh Kong town is located just below the southern end of the Cardamom Mountains. The Kah Bpow river which runs through the town begins in the Cardamoms and runs down to join the Gulf of Thailand. The town’s relatively remote location, close to the Cardamoms and the Thai border, has made it the centre of an active wildlife smuggling trade. Much wildlife captured in the Central Cardamoms goes to supply the restaurants and fresh markets in Koh Kong town. Wild meat is usually for local consumption but various animals parts, bones, hides etc. are sold to wildlife traders. In 2000, wildlife traders from Thailand were reported to come to Koh Kong town each month to purchase wildlife products. Some trophies are also reported to be sold to Trat Province in Thailand.[10]

In 2005, Cambodia’s infamous tiger hunter, Yor Ngun was finally captured in Koh Kong town. He was eventually charged with having killed and sold at least 19 tigers, 40 leopards, 30 elephants, 500 gaur, banteng and sambar, 40 Sun bears and three Asian black bears.[11] Ngun who was 57 at the time of his arrest, is reported to have been trapping and snaring animals in the Cambodian jungle since the 1970s.[12] The organisation Wildlife Alliance (known at the time as WildAid) had Ngun on their "top wanted hunters list" since 2001 due to his reputation as a "notorious tiger hunter." Authorities captured him once in 2004, but he was released after signing an agreement to stop poaching. At the time of his arrest in Koh Kong, he was carrying animal parts, including 25 bear jaws and 82 bear nails. In August 2005, he was sentenced at the Koh Kong provincial court to seven years in prison.[13]

Koh Kong township and the area nearby was also the centre of widespread illegal logging of broad leaf deciduous forests in the Cardamoms. According to environmental agencies, the government logging ban in 2001, has slowed but not prevented the logging trade.

Tourism

With the opening of the Thai-Cambodian bridge across the river and the building of several casinos near the border post, the town has become an increasingly popular tourist destination. Local tourist attractions, aside from the casinos, include boat tours to the uninhabited Koh Kong Island and trekking in the Cardamom Mountains.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "2008 Census". Archived from the original on 2013-01-11.
  2. ↑ Total Road Atlas of Cambodia 2006, 3rd edition. Total Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. 2006.
  3. ↑ Madra, Ek (May 18, 2002). "Cambodia’s ‘Wild West’". DAWN The Internet. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
  4. ↑ Gill, Ian (3 November 2004). "Condom Campaign May Be Stemming HIV/AIDS Spread at Border Town". Asian Development Bank. Archived from the original on 26 December 2004. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
  5. ↑ "Koh Kong City, Cambodia". The Sihanoukville Visitors Guide. Canby Publications. 2007. Archived from the original on July 31, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
  6. ↑ "Koh Kong Bridge Completed in Southwestern Cambodia". People's Daily. April 4, 2002. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
  7. ↑ "Khmer Rouge Says it Held Cambodian City for a Day". Philadelphia Inquirer). April 22, 1984. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
  8. ↑ "Khmer Rouge Report Killing 28 Vietnamese". Associated Press. June 7, 1985. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
  9. 1 2 "Casino attack blamed on KR". The Nation (Thailand). November 17, 1998. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
  10. ↑ Conservation Status of the Cardamom Mountains in Southwestern Cambodia, Preliminary Studies, Frank Momberg and Hunter Weiler (eds.) retrieved 4/1/2009
  11. ↑ McGirk, Jan (September 3, 2005). "Cambodia finally tracks down and jails infamous tiger hunter". The Independent, Bangkok. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
  12. ↑ "Cambodia tiger hunter gets jail". BBC news. 3 September 2005. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
  13. ↑ "Notorious Cambodian tiger hunter sentenced to seven years in prison". The Associated Press. 2005-08-31. Retrieved 2009-01-09.

Coordinates: 11°37′N 102°59′E / 11.617°N 102.983°E / 11.617; 102.983

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