Kōban

Official symbol for a Kōban used on Japanese maps[1]
A kōban in the Ginza district of Tokyo
Kōban in Kameari, Katsushika, Tokyo – the model for the kōban in the manga Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen-mae Hashutsujo
A restored Japanese Colonial Koban.

A kōban (交番, kōban) is a small neighborhood police station found in Japan. Kōban also refers to the smallest organizational unit in today's Japanese police system.[2] In addition to central police stations, Japanese uniformed police work is done from small buildings located within the community, a form of community policing. As of 2007, there are about 6,000 kōban all over Japan.[3] Since the 1990s, many of them are found with signs in Roman letters: "Koban".[4][5]

Overview

A kōban is typically a two-storied housing with a couple of rooms (although there is wide variation), with from one to more than ten police officers.[6] The officers in these buildings can keep watch, respond to emergencies, give directions, and otherwise interact with citizens on a more intimate basis than they could from a more distant station. Although often translated to English as "police box",[7] the kōban bears little resemblance to the British police box.

The name kōban derives from the name of the earliest structure built in 1874, which were indeed simple boxes meant for standing watch (立番, tachiban) in rotation (交替, kōtai), thus creating a compound word consisting of kō (交) and ban (番).[8] Soon after, in 1881, kōban were transformed into local community stations with as many as six officers and a new official name Hashutsujo (派出所) was given to it — although its common name, "kōban" survived. "Kōban" was further systematized and spread out nationwide, playing an important role in the Japanese police system over decades. It was in 1994 when once again the official name of Hashutsujo (派出所) was changed back to kōban. One of the issues recognized in the last several years as most significant around the kōban system was the existence of aki-kōban (空き交番, un-manned stations). According to the National Police Agency, this issue was addressed and solved by 2007.[3]

Small police stations similar to the Japanese kōban are also found in parts of China and Singapore. Additionally, the kōban system has become popular with international police training and assistance programs, particularly those of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA has invested money in establishing kōban-style community policing programs in several countries, including Indonesia, Brazil, and Honduras.[9]

Services provided

A relocated Meiji-era koban from Sudo-cho, Tokyo, today at the Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum
Inside a typical small kōban

Police officers stationed at kōban serve several roles:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Kōban", Kids, Japan: GSI
  2. ↑ Jones, Trevor; Tim Newburn (2006). Plural policing. Routledge. pp. 232–33. ISBN 0-415-35510-9.
  3. 1 2 Enhancement plan of kōban functionality (今後の交番機能の強化対策の推進について), National Police Agency of Japan, viewed April 8, 2009 (in Japanese)
  4. ↑ Parker, L Craig (2001). The Japanese police system today. ME Sharpe. pp. 38–58. ISBN 0-7656-0762-X.
  5. ↑ "Landmark", Kōban, Japan: Metropolitan Police Department, retrieved April 9, 2009 — official signs
  6. ↑ Toyozaki, Yoko; Stuart Varnam-Atkin (2008). 日本風物詩 [Are Japanese Cats Left-handed?]. Translated by Sawada Gumi. IBC Publishing. pp. 19–21. ISBN 4-89684-581-1.
  7. ↑ "‘kōban’ translated as ‘police box’", Books (search), Google
  8. ↑ Activities of kōban (交番・パトカーの活動) (in Japanese), Japan: Metropolitan Police Department, retrieved April 8, 2009
  9. ↑ "4. Consolidación de la Democracia", El Salvador (in Spanish), JP: JICA, retrieved February 13, 2009.
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