Kniphofia
| red hot pokers | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Fiery colored Kniphofia | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asphodelaceae |
| Subfamily: | Asphodeloideae |
| Genus: | Kniphofia Moench |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Kniphofia /nɪpˈhoʊfiə/,[2] also called tritoma, red hot poker, torch lily, knofflers or poker plant, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asphodelaceae, first described as a genus in 1794.[3] It is native to Africa. Herbaceous species and hybrids have narrow, grass-like leaves 10–100 cm (4–39 in) long, while perennial species have broader, strap-shaped foliage up to 1.5 m (5 ft) long. All plants produce spikes of upright, brightly coloured flowers well above the foliage, in shades of red, orange and yellow, often bicoloured.[4] The flowers produce copious nectar while blooming and are attractive to bees. In the New World they may attract sap-suckers such as hummingbirds and New World orioles.
The Kniphofia genus is named after Johann Hieronymus Kniphof, an 18th-century German physician and botanist.
Cultivars
In addition to the species, many named cultivars of mixed or uncertain parentage have been selected for garden use. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-
- 'Bees' Sunset'[5] (yellow)
- 'Brimstone Bloom'[6] (sulphur yellow)
- 'Buttercup'[7] (clear yellow)
- 'Nobilis'[8] (evergreen, orange and yellow)
- K. rooperi[9] (evergreen, oval spikes of red and yellow flowers)
- 'Royal Standard'[10] (red and yellow)
- 'Samuel's Sensation'[11] (tall herbaceous variety, scarlet flowers fading to yellow at the base)
- 'Sunningdale Yellow'[12] (orange-yellow)
- 'Tawny King'[13] (cream/brown)
- 'Toffee Nosed'[14] (cream/brown)
- 'Wrexham Buttercup'[15] (yellow)
- Species[1]
- Kniphofia acraea Codd - Cape Province of South Africa
- Kniphofia albescens Codd - Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia albomontana Baijnath - Lesotho, South Africa
- Kniphofia angustifolia (Baker) Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia ankaratrensis Baker - Madagascar
- Kniphofia baurii Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
- Kniphofia benguellensis Welw. ex Baker - Angola, Zambia
- Kniphofia bequaertii De Wild. - Zaïre, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda
- Kniphofia brachystachya (Zahlbr.) Codd - Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
- Kniphofia breviflora Harv. ex Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Free State
- Kniphofia bruceae (Codd) Codd - Cape Province
- Kniphofia buchananii Baker - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia caulescens Baker - Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province, Free State
- Kniphofia citrina Baker - Cape Province
- Kniphofia coddiana Cufod. - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
- Kniphofia coralligemma E.A.Bruce - Limpopo
- Kniphofia crassifolia Baker - Limpopo
- Kniphofia drepanophylla Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
- Kniphofia dubia De Wild - Zaire, Tanzania, Zambia, Angola
- Kniphofia ensifolia Baker - South Africa
- Kniphofia × erythraeae Fiori - Eritrea (K. pumila × K. schimperi)
- Kniphofia evansii Baker - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia fibrosa Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
- Kniphofia flammula Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia fluviatilis Codd - South Africa
- Kniphofia foliosa Hochst. - Ethiopia
- Kniphofia galpinii Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland, Mpumalanga
- Kniphofia goetzei Engl. - Tanzania
- Kniphofia gracilis Harv. ex Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
- Kniphofia grantii Baker - Zaïre, Tanzania, Zambia, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Malawi
- Kniphofia hildebrandtii Cufod. - Ethiopia
- Kniphofia hirsuta Codd - Lesotho, Cape Province
- Kniphofia ichopensis Schinz - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia insignis Rendle - Ethiopia
- Kniphofia isoetifolia Hochst. - Ethiopia
- Kniphofia latifolia Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia laxiflora Kunth - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
- Kniphofia leucocephala Baijnath - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia linearifolia Baker - Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Swaziland, South Africa
- Kniphofia littoralis Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia marungensis Lisowski & Wiland - Zaïre
- Kniphofia mulanjeana S.Blackmore - Mt. Mulanje in Malawi
- Kniphofia multiflora J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans - Swaziland, South Africa
- Kniphofia nana Marais - Zaïre
- Kniphofia northiae Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
- Kniphofia nubigena Mildbr. - Sudan
- Kniphofia pallidiflora Baker - Massif de l' Ankaratra in Madagascar
- Kniphofia paludosa Engl - Elton Plateau in Tanzania
- Kniphofia parviflora Kunth - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
- Kniphofia pauciflora Baker - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia porphyrantha Baker - Lesotho, Swaziland, South Africa
- Kniphofia praecox Baker - Cape Province
- Kniphofia princeae (A.Berger) Marais - Zaïre, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi
- Kniphofia pumila (Aiton) Kunth - Zaïre, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea
- Kniphofia reflexa Hutch. ex Codd - Nigeria, Cameroon (endangered)[16]
- Kniphofia reynoldsii Codd - Tanzania, Zambia
- Kniphofia rigidifolia E.A.Bruce - Mpumalanga
- Kniphofia ritualis Codd - Free State, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia rooperi (T.Moore) Lem. - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
- Kniphofia sarmentosa (Andrews) Kunth - Cape Province
- Kniphofia schimperi Baker - Ethiopia, Eritrea
- Kniphofia splendida E.A.Bruce - Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, northeastern South Africa, Swaziland
- Kniphofia stricta Codd - Cape Province, Lesotho
- Kniphofia sumarae Deflers - Ibb Mountains of Yemen
- Kniphofia tabularis Marloth - Cape Province
- Kniphofia thodei Baker - Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia thomsonii Baker - Zaïre, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia
- Kniphofia triangularis Kunth - Lesotho, South Africa
- Kniphofia typhoides Codd - Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Mpumalanga
- Kniphofia tysonii Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province, Swaziland
- Kniphofia umbrina Codd - Swaziland
- Kniphofia uvaria (L.) Oken - - Cape Province; naturalized in Mexico, North Carolina, Spain, Oregon, Turkey, Washington State, St. Helena, California
Gallery
Yellow Kniphofia
'Shenandoah' Red Hot Poker
Kniphofia foliosa in Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia
References
- 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ↑ Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Asphodeloideae
- ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Kniphofia 'Bees Sunset". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Kniphofia 'Brimstone Bloom'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Kniphofia 'Buttercup'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Kniphofia 'Nobilis'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Kniphofia rooperi". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Kniphofia 'Royal Standard'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Kniphofia 'Samuel's Sensation'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Kniphofia 'Sunningdale Yellow'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Kniphofia 'Tawny King'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Kniphofia 'Toffee Nosed'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Kniphofia 'Wrexham Buttercup'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "Kniphofia reflexa". Redlist.org. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
External links
- Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014). "Kniphofia". African plants – a Photo Guide. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
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