Lapstone Zig Zag

Knapsack Viaduct
Coordinates	33°45′33″S 150°38′24″E / 33.759248°S 150.639950°E / -33.759248; 150.639950 (Knapsack Viaduct)
Crosses	Knapsack Gully
Heritage status	Heritage listed
Characteristics
Material	sandstone
Total length	388 feet (118 m)
Height	120 feet (37 m)
Longest span	5 of 55 ft
No. of spans	7
History
Designer	John Whitton[1]
Constructed by	W. Watkins
Construction start	1863
Construction end	1865
Opened	1867

The Lapstone Zig Zag^[2] was a zig zag railway built near Lapstone on the Great Western Railway of New South Wales in Australia between 1863 and 1865, to overcome an otherwise insurmountable climb up the eastern side of the Blue Mountains.^[3][4] The ruling grade was already very steep at 1 in 33 (3%).^[5] Another of the early plans had been to build the whole line across the Blue Mountains on a completely different route through the Grose Valley with a 3 km long tunnel, but this was beyond the resources of the colony of New South Wales at the time.^[5] The track included a now abandoned station called Lucasville which was built for the Minister for Mines, John Lucas who had a holiday home nearby.^[6]

History

Nineteenth century

Arthur Streeton's Fire's On

The rail route across the mountains extended as far as Wentworth Falls (then called "Weatherboard") by 1867^[7] but the Lapstone Zig Zag, which included Lucasville station, soon ran into problems: the length of the top points and bottom points limited the length of trains and the single track meant that trains travelling in opposite directions had to stop at crossing points. The first crossing point after Lapstone Zig Zag was at Wascoe's Siding at what is now Glenbrook. The single track would contribute to a fatal accident at Emu Plains in 1878 where eastbound and westbound goods trains collided.^[3] A deviation including a tunnel was built around 1890 to replace the zig zag, but it too experienced problems as it was built at the same too steep a grade causing the locomotives to slip, and smoke became a problem for uphill trains.^[3] The building of the tunnel is the subject of Arthur Streeton's famous painting Fire's On.^[8]

Twentieth century

By 1910, the line as a whole was being duplicated (made into double track) and the "rathole" tunnel was replaced on a different deviation with a gentler alignment with 1 in 60 (1.67%) grades and the Glenbrook tunnel. From then on the lower section of the track, including the historic Knapsack Gully Viaduct, was converted into a road, the Great Western Highway, the main road up the Lapstone hill until the M4 motorway replaced it in 1993.^[9] The older tunnel was converted for mushroom growing but was also used by the RAAF for storage during World War II.^[10] During 1943 to 1946 Glenbrook tunnel stored chemical weapons .

Present day

The line of the old track and cuttings (including the long abandoned platform of Lucasville station), and the old Knapsack Gully bridge is now a popular bushwalking track.^[11] Often a cacophony of birdsong and insects can be heard where the gully is deep at the viaduct and it would tend to echo these sounds, especially that of the bell miner. Although the original tunnel is closed there is also a bush walk that will take you close to its entrance.^[10][12]

• 
  Knapsack Viaduct, detail
• 
  Stairway descent to viaduct from Siding Lookout
• 
  Marker plate on trig. point, indicating distances.
• 
  Remains of Lucasville Station and steps
• 
  Knapsack Park guide

See also

• Lithgow Zig Zag

Coordinates

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lapstone Zig Zag.

Additional references

• Bayley, William A. (William Alan) (1972), Lapstone zig zag railway, Austrail Publications, ISBN 978-0-909597-07-8 
• Full Steam Across The Mountains - Phil Belbin & David Burke - Methuen Australia 1981

External links

• Lapstone Rail Trail

Category:Stone bridges in Australia