Kiradu temples
| Kiradu Temples | |
|---|---|
| किराडु मंदिर | |
|
Someshavara temple at Kiradu, in 1897 | |
  Kiradu Temples Location in Barmer Rajasthan  Kiradu Temples Location in Barmer Rajasthan | |
| Geography | |
| Coordinates | 25°45′10″N 71°05′52″E / 25.7528°N 71.0977°ECoordinates: 25°45′10″N 71°05′52″E / 25.7528°N 71.0977°E |
| Country | India |
| State | Rajasthan |
| District | Barmer |
| Location | Barmer |
| Culture | |
| Primary deity | Shiva |
| Architecture | |
| Number of temples | 5 |
The Kiradu temples are a group of ruined temples located in the Barmer district of Rajasthan, India. The Kiradu town is located in the Thar desert, about 35 km from Barmer and 157 km from Jaisalmer.
The ruins of at least five temples exist at Kiradu. Of these, the Someshvara temple, dedicated to Shiva, is the best-preserved structure. Epigraphic evidence suggests that the temples were constructed during the 11-12th century by the vassals of the Chaulukya (Solanki) monarchs.
History
Inscriptions dated 1153-1178 CE have been found at Kiradu. Based on this, Indian historian Gaurishankar Ojha assigned the temples to the 12th century CE.[1] Art historians Ratna Chandra Agrawala and Stella Kramrisch have also dated the Someshvara temple to the 12th century.[2] However, art historians Madhusudan Dhaky and Percy Brown dated the temple to 11th century CE.[1][2]
Kiradu was originally known as Kiratakupa. During the 12th century, it was controlled by several small dynasties, which ruled as vassals of the Chaulukyas. Someshvara, who belonged to a Paramara branch, rose to prominence in the 1140s CE after gaining favour of the Chaulukya rulers Jayasimha Siddharaja and Kumarapala.[3]
In the 1150s, the Naddula Chahamana ruler Alhana (also a Chaulukya vassal) seems to have been appointed as a governor of Kiradu, as attested by a 1152 CE inscription.[3] The area was restored to Someshvara by the 1960s. Sometime later, the Chaulukyas transferred the control of Kiradu to Madanabrahma, who came from a Chahamana family. Madanabrahma's successor was probably Asala, who was defeated by Alhana's son Kirtipala.[4]
A 1178 CE Kiradu inscription, issued during the reign of the Chaulukya monarch Bhima II Bhima's reign, records repairs to a temple damaged by the Turushkas (Turkic people). These Turushkas are identified with the Ghurids led by Muhammad of Ghor, who were defeated by the Chaulukya forces at the Battle of Kasahrada.[5]
According to a legend, Kiradu was deserted because of a sage's curse. The sage left behind his disciple to the care of the people of Kiradu, but except for a potter's wife no one carried out the sage's wish. The sage cursed the town but told the potter's wife beforehand to leave and never turn back. Out of curiosity she turned to take one last look at her hometown and was instantly turned to stone. The outskirts of the town have a stone statue purported to be her.
The temples
The remains of at least five temples have been discovered at Kiradu. Of these, only the Someshvara temple is in notable condition. Its surviving parts are sufficient to exactly reconstruct the original temple design. However, it is clear that the original temple was highly decorated with sculptures, including figures of animals and humans. Art historian Percy Brown termed the architecture style as "Solanki mode".[1]
References
- 1 2 3 Govind Sadashiv Ghurye 1968, p. 12.
- 1 2 John Stratton Hawley 2014, p. 358.
- 1 2 Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956, p. 111.
- ↑ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 4.
- ↑ Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956, p. 132.
Bibliography
- Asoke Kumar Majumdar (1956). Chaulukyas of Gujarat. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. OCLC 4413150.
- Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979). The Chahamanas of Jalor. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. OCLC 12737199.
- Govind Sadashiv Ghurye (1968). Rajput Architecture. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7154-446-2.
- John Stratton Hawley (2014). Krishna, The Butter Thief. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5540-7.