List of Georgian monarchs
King of Georgia საქართველოს მეფე | |
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Details | |
First monarch | Guaram I |
Last monarch | George XII |
Formation | 575 |
Abolition | 1801[1] |
Residence |
Armazi Mtskheta Artanuji (now in Turkey) Kutaisi Tbilisi Gremi Telavi |
Pretender(s) |
Nugzar Bagrationi David Bagrationi |
This is a list of kings and queens of the kingdoms of Georgia under Bagrationi dynasty before Russian annexation in 1801–1810.
For more comprehensive lists, and family trees, of Georgian monarchs and rulers see Lists of Georgian monarchs.
Princes of Iberia
Persian and Byzantine conquest destroyed rule and replaced the hereditary king with a hereditary prince. In 580, the Persians abolished the Iberian monarchy and established the province of Iberia, allowing various princes to rule through the Principality of Iberia as governors of the Sasanids for the remainder of their domination of Iberia, up to the course of the 620s. With the dawn of the Arabs, the presiding princes regained power in 888, restoring kingship. The following is a list of those princes:
- Guaram I, the Guaramid, 588–c. 590
- Stephen I, the Guaramid, c. 590–627
- Adarnase I, the Chosroid, 627–637/642
- Stephen II, the Chosroid, 637/642–c. 650
- Adarnase II, the Chosroid, c. 650–684
- Guaram II, the Guaramid, 684–c. 693
- Guaram III, the Guaramid, c. 693–c. 748
- Adarnase III, the Nersianid, c. 748–c. 760
- Nerse, the Nersianid, c. 760–772, 775–779/780
- Stephen III, the Guaramid, 779/780–786
- Ashot I, the Bagratid, 813–830
- Bagrat I, 842/843–876
- David I, 876–881
- Gurgen I, 881–891 (overlaps with Adarnase IV’s restoration of kingship)
- Adarnase IV, 888–923
- David II, 923–937
- Sumbat I, 937–958
- Bagrat II, 958–994
- Gurgen of Georgia, 994–1008
Unified Kingdom of Georgia
- Bagrat III, 1008–1014
The eventual victors in Georgia were of the house of Bagrationi, who claimed descent from the earlier dynasty. This family would rule Georgia and all Georgian kingdoms until the Russians annexed all of Georgia in the early 19th century.
Kings of Iberia
- Guaram I Kurapalate (575–590)
- Stepanoz I Kurapalate (590–605)
- Ashot (809–826), Prince of Kartli
- Bagrat I Kuropalates (826–876), Prince of Kartli
- David I Kuropalates (876–881), Prince of Kartli
- Gurgen I of Tao (881–891), Prince of Kartli
- Adarnase IV (888–923), King of the Georgians
- David II (923–937), King of Kartli
- Sumbat I (937–958), King of Kartli
- Bagrat II (958–994), Adarnase V (961–966) and David III (966–975), Kings of Kartli
- Gurgen II (994–1008), King of Kartli
- Bagrat III (975–1008), King of the Abkhazis and Kartvelians, became king of Georgia in 1008
Kings of the Kingdom of the Kartvels
- Guaram II (619–678)
- Varazbakur (678–705)
- Nerse (705–742)
- Adarnase (742–779)
- Ashot I Kuropalates (end of the 8th century / 813–826)
- Bagrat I Kuropalates (826–876), co-rulers: Adarnase (830–c.870) and Guaram Mampali (died 882)
- David I Kuropalates (876–881)
- Adarnase I Kuropalates (881–923), King of the Georgians (888–923)
- David II Magistros (923–937)
- Ashot II Kuropalates (937–954)
- Sumbat I Kuropalates (954–958)
- Bagrat II Regueni, "the Simple" (958–994)
- Gurgen, King of Kings (994–1008)
- Bagrat III, King of Apkhazeti (Abkhazia) since 978, King of united Georgia (1008–1014)
- Gurgen I Mampali (c. 870–891)
- Adarnase, Eristavt Eristavi (891–896)
- Ashot Kukhi, Eristavt Eristavi (896/908–918)
- Gurgen II the Great (918–941)
- Bagrat Magistros (died 945)
- Adarnase II Kuropalates (945–961)
- Bagrat, Eristavt Eristavi (961–966)
- David III Kuropalates (966–1000)
- Sumbat I Mampali, the Great (c. 870–889)
- Bagrat I (889–900)
- David I (900–943)
- Sumbat II (943–988)
- David II (988–992/993)
- Sumbat III (992/993–1011)
- Gurgen (died 1012)
Kings of unified Georgia (1008–1490)
In 1008, Bagrat, who had been King of Abkhazia (present-day Western Georgia) since 978, inherited from his father Gurgen the crown of Iberia (or Kartli, present-day Eastern Georgia). The two kingdoms united into what came to be known as the Kingdom of Georgia.
Name | Portrait | Title (s) | Born | Reign | Marriage (s) | Death | Notes |
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Bagrat III the Unifier (ბაგრატ III) |
King of Abkhazia, King of Kartli, King of Kakheti and Hereti, Kouropalates | 960 Kutaisi Son of Gurgen of Georgia and Gurandukht of Abkhazia |
1008-1014 | Martha two children |
7 May 1014 Tao aged 53–54 |
Nephew of Theodosius III of Abkhazia. United for the first time all the territory of Georgia. | |
George I (გიორგი I) |
King of Abkhazia, King of Kartli | 998 or 1002 Son of Bagrat III and Martha |
1014-1027 | Mariam of Vaspurakan c.1018 (annulled) four children Alda of Alania one child |
16 August 1027 Mqinwarni or Itaroni aged 24–25 or 28-29 |
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Mariam of Vaspurakan (მარიამი) Armenian:(Մարիամ) (regent) |
Dowager Queen of Georgia | Before 1030s Daughter of Senekerim-Hovhannes of Vaspurakan and Khushush |
1027-1037 | George I c.1018 (annulled) four children |
After November 1072 aged at least 41-42 |
Negotiated a peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire, and returned with the high Byzantine title of curopalates for her son in 1032. | |
Bagrat IV (ბაგრატ IV) |
King of Abkhazia, King of Kartli, Kouropalates, Nobilissimus, Sebastos | 1018 Son of George I and Mariam of Vaspurakan |
1037-1072 | Helena of Byzantium 1032 Kutaisi no children Borena of Alania Between 1033 and 1040 three children |
24 November 1072 Marabdani aged 53–54 |
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Demetrius of Anacopia (დემეტრე) (opponent) |
Magistros | After 1018 Son of George I and Alda of Alania |
1027-1042 | Unknown before 1042 at least one son |
1042 aged less than 24 |
Opposed Bagrat IV. Supported by Dowager Queen Alda of Alania, the Byzantine Empire and the Liparitid clan. | |
George II (გიორგი II) |
King of Abkhazia, King of Kartli, Kouropalates, Nobilissimus, Sebastos, Caesar | 1054 Son of Bagrat IV and Borena of Alania |
1072-1089 | Helena c.1070 one child |
1112 aged 57–58 |
Opposed his father in 1050-1053. Abdicated 1089. | |
David IV the Builder (დავით IV აღმაშენებელი) |
King of Kings, Autocrat of all the East and the West, Sword of the Messiah, King of Abkhazia, King of Kartli, King of Kakheti and Hereti, King of Armenians, Possessor of Shirvan | 1073 Kutaisi Son of George II and Helena |
1089-1125 | Rusudan of Armenia c.1090 (annulled 1107) four children? Gurandukht of the Kipchaks c.1107 four children? |
24 January 1125 Tbilisi aged 51–52 |
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Demetrius I (დემეტრე I) |
King of Kings, Autocrat of all the East and the West, King of Abkhazia, King of Kartli, King of Kakheti and Hereti, King of Armenians, Possessor of Shirvan | 1093 Son of David IV and Rusudan of Armenia |
1125-1154 1155-1156 |
Unknown Before 1130 four children |
1156 Mtskheta aged 62–63 |
In 1154 was forced by his own son David to abducate and become a monk. With David's death months later, he was restored to the throne, but did not survive much longer. | |
David V (დავით V) |
Before 1130s First son of Demetrius I |
1154-1155 | Unknown Before 1130 at least one child |
1155 aged at least 24-25 |
Revolted against his father in 1130. Forced him to abdicate, but died a few months later. | ||
George III (გიორგი III) |
Before 1130s Second son of Demetrius I |
1155-1184 | Burdukhan of Alania c.1155 two children |
27 March 1184 aged at least 53-54 |
His reign was part of what would be called the Georgian Golden Age - a historical period in the High Middle Ages, during which the Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its military power and development. | ||
Demetrius of Georgia (დემეტრე) (opponent) |
King of Georgia | Before 1155 Son of David V |
1177-1178 | Unknown before 1042 at least one son |
After 1178 aged at least 23 |
Opposed George III. Supported by the Orbeli noble family. | |
Tamar Mepe the Great (თამარ მეფე) |
Shahanshah, Autocrat of all the East and the West, Queen of Abkhazia, Queen of Kartli, Queen of Kakheti and Hereti, Queen of Armenians, Possessor of Shirvan | c.1160 Daughter of George III and Burdukhan of Alania |
1184-1213 | Yury Bogolyubsky c.1185(annulled 1187) no children David Soslan 1189 two children |
18 January 1213 Agarani aged 52–53 |
Co-ruler with her father since 1178. Ruled in a period of political and military successes and cultural achievements, presiding the peak of the Georgian Golden Age. | |
George IV Lasha the Resplendent (გიორგი IV ლაშა) |
King of Kings, Autocrat of all the East and the West, King of Abkhazia, King of Kartli, King of Kakheti and Hereti, King of Armenians, Possessor of Shirvan | c.1191 Son of David Soslan and Queen Tamar |
1213-1223 | Unmarried | 18 January 1223 Bagavan aged 31–32 |
Co-ruler with his mother since 1207. Continued the policy of his mother, but, at the end of his reign was defeated by a Mongol expedition. | |
Rusudan (რუსუდან მეფე) |
Autocrat of all the East and the West, Queen of Abkhazia, Queen of Kartli, Queen of Kakheti and Hereti, Queen of Armenians, Possessor of Shirvan | 1194 Daughter of David Soslan and Queen Tamar |
1223-1245 | Ghias ad-din c.1223(annulled 1226) two children |
1245 Tbilisi aged 50–51 |
Period marked by Mongol invasions of Georgia. The queen was forced to accept the sovereignty of the Mongol Khan in 1242, to pay an annual tribute and to support the Mongols with a Georgian army. | |
David VI Narin the Younger (დავით VI ნარინი) |
King of Kings, Autocrat of all the East and the West, King of Abkhazia, King of Kartli, King of Kakheti and Hereti, King of Armenians | 1225 Son of Ghias ad-din and Queen Rusudan |
1245-1259 (From 1248 junior co-ruler of David VII) |
Tamar Amanelisdze before 1254 three children Theodora Doukaina Palaiologina of Byzantium 1254 one child |
1293 Tbilisi aged 67–68 |
Co-ruler with his mother since 1230. Forced by the Mongols to share power with his cousin David VII (1248), he rose against Mongol domination (1259), but failed, and became restrained to an eastern kingdom, named Imereti, from 1259, where he ruled alone, passing it to his descendants. | |
David VII Ulu the Older (დავით VII ულუ) |
1215 Illegitimate son of George IV |
1248-1259 (as senior co-ruler of David VI) |
Jigda-Khatun before 1252 no children Altun of Alania (in bigamy, repudiated 1252) c.1249 Gvantsa Kakhaberidze (in polygamy until 1252) 1250 one child Esukan 1263 no children |
1270 Tbilisi aged 54–55 |
Co-ruler with his cousin until 1259. Forced by the Mongols to share power with his cousin David VI (1248), he rose against Mongol domination (1262), but failed. However, his negotiation of peace made him lord of the western part of the Georgian Kingdom, which kept the original name, Georgia. | ||
Between 1259 and 1330, due to the consequences of the Mongol invasions, Imereti was ruled by distinct kings from the rest of Georgia. David VI and David VII, who had ruled together as vassals of the Mongols, now ruled distinct parts of the country. Imereti had a few more periods of independence, between 1387 and 1412 (during Timur's invasions of Georgia), and again between 1446 and 1452.
Independent Kingdom of Imereti Kingdom of Georgia (broken) Periods of reuniting | |||||||
David VI / I Narin the Younger (დავით VI ნარინი) |
King of Kings, Autocrat of all the East and the West, King of Abkhazia, King of Kartli, King of Kakheti and Hereti, King of Armenians | 1225 Son of Ghias ad-din and Queen Rusudan |
1259-1293 | Tamar Amanelisdze before 1254 three children Theodora Doukaina Palaiologina of Byzantium 1254 one child |
1293 Tbilisi aged 67–68 |
King of Imereti. Developed friendly relations with the Golden Horde and Bahri dynasty of Egypt, and repulsed the Ilkhanate attacks. Interfered in Trebizond's politics. | |
David VII Ulu the Older (დავით VII ულუ) |
1215 Illegitimate son of George IV |
1259-1270 | Jigda-Khatun before 1252 no children Altun of Alania (in bigamy, repudiated 1252) c.1249 Gvantsa Kakhaberidze (in polygamy until 1252) 1250 one child Esukan 1263 no children |
1270 Tbilisi aged 54–55 |
Had the remaining Georgia. A heavy burden of Mongol dominance led to a political and economic crisis in the kingdom. | ||
Demetrius II Tavdadebuli the Devoted (დემეტრე II თავდადებული) |
1259 First son of David VII and Gvantsa Kakhaberidze |
1270-1289 | Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond 1277 five children Solghar of Mongolia (in polygamy?) Before 1280 three children Natela Jaqeli (in polygamy?) 1280 one child |
12 March 1289 Movakani aged 29–30 |
Criticized for his possible polygamy. Executed by the Great Khan. | ||
Vakhtang II (ვახტანგ II) |
Before 1254 First son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze |
1289-1292 | Oljath Khan 1289 no children |
1292 aged at least 37-38 |
Ascended in Georgia, with the consent of the Mongols. Named II after Vakhtang I of Iberia. | ||
Constantine I (კონსტანტინე I) |
Before 1254 Second son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze |
1293-1327 | unknown Before 1327 no children |
1327 aged at least 72-73 |
Unlike his eastern Georgian counterparts, Constantine remained independent from the Ilkhanid hegemony. However, his troubled reign was marked by the opposition of his brother, Michael. | ||
David VIII (დავით VIII) |
1273 First son of Demetre II and Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond |
1292-1311 (from 1299 with opposition of George V and Vakhtang III) |
Oljath Khan 1291 no children Unknown, from Surameli family 1302 one child |
1311 aged 37–38 |
Refused to submit to the orders of the Mongols, and between 1299-1308 he had his own brothers as kings against him, supported by the Mongol Khan. | ||
George V Brtskinvale the Magnificent (გიორგი V ბრწყინვალე) (opponent) |
1286 or 1289 Son of Demetre II and Natela Jaqeli |
1299-1302 | Unknown before 1346 one son |
1346 aged 56–57 or 59-60 |
Opposed David VIII. Supported by the Mongols. | ||
Vakhtang III (ვახტანგ III) (opponent) |
1276 Second son of Demetre II and Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond |
1302-1308 | Ripsime before 1308 two children |
1308 aged 31–32 | |||
George V Brtskinvale the Magnificent (გიორგი V ბრწყინვალე) (regent) |
1286 or 1289 Son of Demetre II and Natela Jaqeli |
1311-1313 | Unknown before 1346 one son |
1346 aged 56–57 or 59-60 |
Named regent for his nephew, George VI. | ||
George VI Mtesire the Minor (გიორგი VI მცირე ) |
c.1302 Son of David VIII |
1311-1313 (under regency of George V ) |
Unmarried | 1313 aged 10–11 |
Under regency of his uncle, George V. Died as a minor. | ||
George V Brtskinvale the Magnificent (გიორგი V ბრწყინვალე) |
1286 or 1289 Son of Demetre II and Natela Jaqeli |
1313-1330 | Unknown before 1346 one son |
1346 aged 56–57 or 59-60 |
Ascended as king after the death of his nephew. Reunited Georgia in 1330 | ||
Michael I (მიქელ I) |
Before 1254 Third son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze |
1327-1329 | unknown Before 1329 one child |
1329 aged at least 74-75 |
Opposed his brother, Constantine I. Sought to resubjugate to the crown the great nobles and provincial dynasts who had asserted greater autonomy for themselves in the reign of Constantine I. | ||
Bagrat I Mtesire the Minor (ბაგრატ I მცირე) |
Before 1329 Son of Michael I |
1329-1330 | Unknown, a daughter of Qvarqare II Jaqeli 1358 three children |
1372 aged at least 74-75 |
Still a minor, was deposed by George V the Magnificent. | ||
George V Brtskinvale the Magnificent (გიორგი V ბრწყინვალე) |
1286 or 1289 Son of Demetre II and Natela Jaqeli |
1330-1346 | Unknown before 1346 one son |
1346 aged 56–57 or 59-60 |
A flexible and far-sighted politician, he recovered Georgia from a century-long Mongol domination, restoring the country’s previous strength and Christian culture. | ||
David IX (დავით IX) |
Before 1346 Son of George V |
1346-1360 | Sindukhtar before 1360 two children |
1360 aged at least 13-14 |
The prosperity of the kingdom did not last, as the Black Death swept through the area in 1348. | ||
Bagrat V Didi the Great (ბაგრატ V დიდი) |
King of Kings, Autocrat of all the East and the West, King of Abkhazia, King of Kartli, King of Kakheti and Hereti | Before 1360 Son of George V |
1360-1387 1392-1393 |
Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizond before 1366 two children Anna Megala Komnene of Trebizond June 1366 one child |
1393 aged at least 32-33 |
A fair and popular ruler, was imprisoned by the Golden Horde. Agreed to convert from Christianity and become Muslim. | |
Bagrat V Didi the Great (ბაგრატ V დიდი) |
Before 1360 Son of George V |
1387-1392 | Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizond before 1366 two children Anna Megala Komnene of Trebizond June 1366 one child |
1393 aged at least 32-33 |
In 1387, ruler only of the eastern part of Georgia. | ||
Alexander I (ალექსანდრე I) |
After 1358 First son of Bagrat I |
1387-1389 | Anna Orbeliani Before 1389 two children |
1389 aged not more than 30-31 |
Still a minor, was deposed by George V the Magnificent. | ||
George I (გიორგი I) |
After 1358 Second son of Bagrat I |
1389-1392 | Unmarried | 1392 aged not more than 33-34 |
In 1392 Imereti is reannexed to Georgia. | ||
George VII (გიორგი VII) |
Before 1366 Son of Bagrat V and Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizond |
1393-1396 | Unmarried | 1407 aged at least 40-41 |
Loses Imereti again in 1396. | ||
George VII (გიორგი VII) |
Before 1366 Son of Bagrat V and Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizond |
1396-1407 | Unmarried | 1407 aged at least 40-41 |
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Constantine II (კონსტანტინე II) |
After 1358 Second son of Bagrat I |
1396-1401 | Unmarried | 1401 aged not more than 42-43 |
In 1396, Constantine took advantage of George VII's continuous war with Timur—in which a great number of Imeretians died—and the death of Vameq Dadiani and returned to Imereti. | ||
Constantine I (კონსტანტინე I) |
c.1366 Son of Bagrat V and Anna Megala Komnene of Trebizond |
1407-1412 | Natia Amirejibi c.1389 three children |
1412 aged 45–46 |
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Demetrius I (დემეტრე I) |
Before 1389 Son of Alexander I and Anna Orbeliani |
1401-1412 | Unknown Before 1445 no children |
1445 aged at least 55-56 |
From 1412 accepts suzerainty from Georgia and rules as duke. | ||
Alexander I Didi the Great (ალექსანდრე I დიდი) |
1386 Son of Constantine I and Natia Amirejibi |
1412-1442 | Dulandukht Orbeliani c.1411 three children Tamar of Imereti c.1414 three children |
27 August 1445 or 7 March 1446 aged 58–59-60 |
Regains Imereti in 1412. Despite his efforts to restore the country from the ruins left by the Turco-Mongol warlord Timur's invasions, Georgia never recovered and faced the inevitable fragmentation that was followed by a long period of stagnation. He was the last ruler of a united Georgia which was relatively free from foreign domination. Abdicated. | ||
Vakhtang IV (ვახტანგ IV) |
1413 Son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani |
1442-1446 | Sitikhatun Panaskerteli-Tsitsishvili c.1442 no children |
December 1446 aged 32–33 |
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George VIII (გიორგი VIII) |
1417 Son of Alexander I and Tamar of Imereti |
1446-1465 | Tamar 1445 five children? Nestan-Darejan 1456 five children? |
1476 aged 58–59 |
Kings of Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti (1490–1762)
In 1490, after several decades of dynastic infighting, a national council agreed on the division of the Kingdom of Georgia into three kingdoms. The Kings of Georgia retained the largest portion of the divided kingdom which reverted to its old name of Kartli. Imereti and Kakheti emerged as the other two Bagrationi kingdoms created out of the division.
- Bagrat VI (r.1465-1478), reigned in Kartli and Imereti
Imereti | Kartli | Kakheti | |||
Picture | Name | Picture | Name | Picture | Name |
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Alexander II 1478–1510 Son of Bagrat VI Titled "King of Georgia" between 1478 and 1483 (in concurrence with his rival Constantine II) |
Constantine II 1478–1505 Son of Demetrius III Titled "King of Georgia" between 1478 and 1490, King of Kartli between 1490 and 1505 |
Alexander I 1476–1511 Son of George VIII of Georgia, who reigned in Kakheti as George I between 1465 and 1476 | |||
David X 1505–1525 Son of Constantine II | |||||
Bagrat III 1510–1565 Son of Alexander II |
George II "the Wicked" 1511–1513 Son of Alexander I | ||||
Annexed by Kartli between 1513 and 1520 | |||||
Levan (or Leon) 1520–1574 Son of George II | |||||
George IX 1525–1527 (or 1534) Son of Constantine II, brother of David X | |||||
Luarsab I 1527–1556 (or 1534–1558) Son of David X, nephew of George IX | |||||
Simon I 1556 (or 1558)–1569 Son of Luarsab I First reign | |||||
George II 1565–1585 Son of Bagrat III | |||||
David XI (Daud Khan) 1569–1578 Son of Luarsab I, brother of Simon I | |||||
Alexander II 1574–1601 Son of Levan First reign | |||||
Simon I 1578–1599 Son of Luarsab I Second reign | |||||
Leon (or Levan) 1585–1588 Son of George II | |||||
Rostom 1588–1589 Grandson of Bagrat III, cousin of Leon First reign | |||||
Bagrat IV 1589–1590 Great-grandson of Alexander II | |||||
Rostom 1590–1605 Grandson of Bagrat III, cousin of Leon Second reign | |||||
George X 1599–1606 Son of Simon I | |||||
David I 1601–1602 Son of Alexander II | |||||
Alexander II 1602–1605 Son of Levan, Father of David I Second reign | |||||
Constantine I (Constantine Khan) 1605 Son of Alexander II | |||||
George III 1605–1639 Brother of Rostom |
Luarsab II 1606–1615 Son of George X |
Teimuraz I (also known as Tahmuras Khan) 1605–1648 Son of David I Deposed by the Persians between 1616 and 1625, and 1633 and 1634, during which years Kakheti was under Persian governorship. | |||
Bagrat VII (Bagrat Khan) 1615–1619 Son of David XI (Daud Khan) | |||||
Simon II (Semayun Khan) 1619–1630 Son of Bagrat VII (Bagrat Khan) | |||||
Kartli part of Teimuraz's Kingdom of Kakheti between 1630 and 1634 | |||||
Rostom (Rustam Khan) 1633–1658 Son of David XI (Daud Khan) | |||||
Alexander III 1639–1660 Son of George III | |||||
Annexed by Kartli between 1648 and 1656, then under direct Persian rule until 1664. | |||||
Bagrat V 1660 (March–September) Son of Alexander III First reign |
Vakhtang V (Shah-Nawaz Khan) 1658–1675 Adoptive son of Rostom, born Bagration-Mukhrani | ||||
Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili 1660–1661 Lover of the Queen Dowager Nestan Darejan First reign | |||||
Archil 1661–1663 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli First reign | |||||
Demetrius of Guria 1663–1664 Duke of Guria, briefly in power of all Imereti | |||||
Bagrat V 1664–1668 Son of Alexander III Second reign |
Archil 1664–1675 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli | ||||
Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili 1668 Lover of the Queen Dowager Nestan Darejan Second reign | |||||
Bagrat V 1668–1678 Son of Alexander III Third reign | |||||
Archil 1678–1679 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli Second reign |
George XI (Shah-Nawaz Khan II, Gurgin Khan) 1675–1688 Son of Vakhtang V First reign |
Heraclius I (Erekle I, Nazar Alī Khān) 1675–1676 Grandson of Teimuraz I First reign | |||
Bagrat V 1679–1681 Son of Alexander III Fourth reign |
Under direct Persian administration between 1676 and 1703 | ||||
George IV (Gurieli) 1681–1683 Prince of Guria, seized the crown of Imereti | |||||
Alexander IV 1683–1690 Son of Bagrat V First reign | |||||
Heraclius I (Erekle I, Nazar Alī Khān) 1688–1703 Grandson of Teimuraz I of Kakheti | |||||
Archil 1690–1691 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli Third reign | |||||
Alexander IV 1691–1695 Son of Bagrat V Second reign | |||||
Archil 1695–1696 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli Fourth reign | |||||
George V 1696–1698 Put on the throne by the powerful Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze | |||||
Archil 1698–1699 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli Fifth reign | |||||
Simon 1699–1701 Illegitimate son of Alexander IV | |||||
Mamia (Gurieli, "the Great", "the Black") 1701–1702 Prince of Guria, son of George IV First reign | |||||
George VI 1702–1707 Prince Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze |
George XI (Shah-Nawaz Khan II) 1703–1709 Son of Vakhtang V Second reign |
David II (Imām Qulī Khān) 1703–1720 Son of Heraclius I | |||
George VII 1707–1711 Illegitimate son of Alexander IV First reign | |||||
Kaikhosro 1709–1711 Grandson of Vakhtang V, nephew of George XI | |||||
Mamia (Gurieli, "the Great", "the Black") 1711–1712 Prince of Guria, son of George IV Second reign |
Interregnum, regency (actually since 1703) of the future Vakhtang VI | ||||
George VII 1712–1713 Illegitimate son of Alexander IV Second reign | |||||
Mamia (Gurieli, "the Great", "the Black") 1713–1714 Prince of Guria, son of George IV Third reign | |||||
George VII 1714–1720 Illegitimate son of Alexander IV Third reign Exiled between 1716 and 1719, regency of the Abashidze family |
Jesse (Ali-Quli Khan, Mustafa Pasha) 1714–1716 Grandson of Vakhtang V, brother of Kaikhosro First reign | ||||
Vakhtang VI ("the Scholar", "the Lawgiver", Ḥosaynqolī Khan) 1716–1724 Grandson of Vakhtang V, brother of Kaikhosro and Jesse | |||||
George VIII (Gurieli) 1720 Prince of Guria, son of Mamia | |||||
Alexander V 1720–1741 Son of George VII First reign | |||||
Constantine II (Mahmād Qulī Khān) 1722–1732 Son of Heraclius I | |||||
Jesse (Ali-Quli Khan, Mustafa Pasha) 1724–1727 Grandson of Vakhtang V, brother of Kaikhosro Second reign | |||||
Direct administration by the Ottoman Empire (1727–1735), then by the Persian Empire (1735–1744) | |||||
Teimuraz II 1732–1744 Son of Constantine II | |||||
George IX 1741–1742 Son of George VII, brother of Alexander V | |||||
Alexander V 1742–1752 Son of George VII, brother of George IX Second reign | |||||
Teimuraz II 1744–1762 King of Kakheti (1732–1744), son of Constantine II of Kakheti |
Heraclius II (or Erekle II) 1744–1762 Son of Teimuraz II | ||||
Solomon I 1752–1766 Son of Alexander V First reign | |||||
Kings of Kartli-Kakheti and Imereti (1762–1810)
The process of unification of Kartli and Kakheti was initiated in 1744, when Teimuraz II of Kakheti was confirmed as King of Kartli by the Persians, and left Kakheti to his son Heraclius II. It was fulfilled in 1762, when Teimuraz II died, and Heraclius joined the two crowns. The Russian southward expansion would however cut short this evolution; Kartli-Kakheti became a Russian protectorate in 1783 by the Treaty of Georgievsk, and was annexed in 1801 following the death of George XII. Imereti kept its independence a few years longer, until 1810.
Imereti | Kartli-Kakheti | ||
Picture | Name | Picture | Name |
---|---|---|---|
Solomon I 1752–1766 Son of Alexander V First reign |
Heraclius II (or Erekle II) 1762–1798 Son of Teimuraz II | ||
Teimuraz 1766–1768 Grandson of George VII, cousin of Solomon I | |||
Solomon I 1768–1784 Son of Alexander V Second reign | |||
David II 1784–1789 Son of George IX First reign | |||
Solomon II (David-Salomon) 1789–1790 Nephew of Solomon I First reign | |||
David II 1790–1792 Son of George IX Second reign | |||
Solomon II (David-Salomon) 1792–1810 Nephew of Solomon I Second reign | |||
George XII 1798–1800 Son of Heraclius II | |||
After George XII's death, and before Prince David could ascend the throne, Russia fully integrated Kartli-Kakheti into the Empire and abolished the monarchy. Imereti would be similarly annexed in 1810, as Solomon II was deposed. | |||
Many members of the Bagrationi dynasty were forced to flee the country and live in exile after the Red Army took control of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1921 and installed the Georgian Communist Party. Since Georgia regained independence in 1990 the dynasty have raised their profile, and in 2008 the two rival branches were united in marriage.[2]
Timeline of Georgian monarchs
See also
References
- ↑ Ended by Russia's annexation
- ↑ The Bagrationi (Bagration) Dynasty History