Khimki

Khimki (in English)
Химки (Russian)
-  City[1]  -

Babakina Street in Khimki (February 2010)

Location of Moscow Oblast in Russia
Khimki
Location of Khimki in Moscow Oblast
Coordinates: 55°54′N 37°27′E / 55.900°N 37.450°E / 55.900; 37.450Coordinates: 55°54′N 37°27′E / 55.900°N 37.450°E / 55.900; 37.450
Coat of arms
Flag
Administrative status (as of January 2013)
Country Russia
Federal subject Moscow Oblast[1]
Administratively subordinated to Khimki City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
Administrative center of Khimki City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
Municipal status (as of January 2013)
Urban okrug Khimki Urban Okrug[2]
Administrative center of Khimki Urban Okrug[2]
Mayor Oleg Shakhov[3]
Statistics
Area (urban okrug) (January 2013) 109.81 km2 (42.40 sq mi)[2]
Population (2010 Census) 207,425 inhabitants[4]
- Rank in 2010 90th
Density 1,889/km2 (4,890/sq mi)[5]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[6]
Founded 1939
Postal code(s)[7] 141400-141446
Dialing code(s) +7 495, 498
Official website
Khimki on Wikimedia Commons

Khimki (Russian: Химки; IPA: [ˈxʲimkʲɪ]) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, 19 kilometres[8] northwest of central Moscow. Khimki is asserted by many as the nearest point German forces reached in their advance on Moscow in World War II.

History

Origins and formation

Khimki was initially a railway station that existed since 1850 on the Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway. The Moskva-Volga Canal was constructed between 1932 and 1937 on which Khimki lies on the west bank. Khimki was then officially founded in 1939.[9]

Khimki in the Battle of Moscow

The German attack starting the Battle of Moscow (code-named ‘Operation Typhoon’) began on 2 October 1941. The attack on a broad front brought German forces to occupy the village of Krasnaya Polyana (now in the town of Lobnya) to Moscow's North West. Krasnaya Polyana was taken on 30 November.[10]

Many sources state that at least one German army patrol visited Khimki. Similarly many sources state this as the closest point the Germans reached to Moscow (Khimki at the time was five miles from the edge of Moscow). Among the sources stating the Germans visited Khimki the details of the date and unit involved are inconsistent and disputed. One story of events asserts a skirmish took place in Khimki on 16 October at the Leningradskoe Shosse bridge involving a German motorcycle unit.[11] Another account is a patrol reached Khimki around 30 November or early December before returning to its main unit without combat. The dates mentioned for this second account vary.[12] A myth surrounding this is that the Germans would have been able to see the Kremlin in the distance from Khimki.

The Soviet Army counter offensive for "removing the immediate threat to Moscow" started on 5 December on the North-Western Front (the area around Khimki North West of Moscow). The South-Western Front and Western Fronts began their offensives on 6 December. The German forces were driven back. Moscow was never under such close land threat again during the war.

A memorial in the form of a giant tank trap is located at the "Kilometer 23" point 55°54′46.103″N 37°24′10.577″E / 55.91280639°N 37.40293806°E / 55.91280639; 37.40293806) of Leningradskoye Highway (the highway to St. Petersburg). The memorial is one mile south east of Planernaya Railway Station. The memorial was unveiled on 6 December 1966 as a 25th anniversary recognition of the launch of the Soviet counter offensive. This location is just short of an intersection with the Moscow-St Petersburg railway (close to where the IKEA shopping centre has since been built). This memorial and shopping centre on the Northern side of Khimki has a direct distance of 22 kilometres from Moscow city centre. At the time of the conflict this location was outside Khimki. This memorial is different to the Khimki War Memorial moved in 2007 to in Novoluzhinskoe cemetery.

Post war

Khimki was home to several Soviet aerospace defense development centers that became the principal employers for the majority of the city population. This included R&D enterprises which designed surface-to-air missiles for S-75, S-125, S-200, S-300 Soviet air defense systems, engines for intercontinental ballistic missiles and satellite launch vehicles, and other types of equipment. For this reason, Khimki was off limits for all foreigners visiting the country, despite its location on a highway between Moscow and its major international airport.

In 2010 the city saw protests over the construction of the new Moscow–Saint Petersburg motorway through the Khimki Forest.[13]

Currently, the city of Khimki is directly adjacent to the territory of the city of Moscow. In recent years the population of the city of Khimki has continued to grow rapidly due to massive residential building construction driven by its proximity to the densely populated Moscow megapolis, which needs new areas for expansion.

Population

Population: 207,425 (2010 Census);[4] 141,000 (2002 Census);[14] 132,902 (1989 Census);[15] 106,000 (1977); 23,000 (1939).

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Khimki City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Khimki City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Khimki Urban Okrug.[2]

Economy

The city enjoys a great deal of commercial activity due to its location between Moscow and one of its main airports, Sheremetyevo.

As of 2015 some aerospace-development centers located in Khimki contribute to a program of the International Space Station. Former Soviet aerospace and defense development centers located in Khimki:

Khimki hosts one of the largest shopping malls in Russia, which features French chain-store Auchan and Swedish furniture-retailer IKEA.

Transport

Khimki station is on the Moscow-St Petersburg Railway.

Road transport includes bus and trolleybus.

Sport

Divided city

Khimki

Twin towns and sister cities=

Khimki is twinned with:

See also

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Law #11/2013-OZ
  2. 1 2 3 4 Law #50/2005-OZ
  3. ↑ Досрочные выборы Главы городского округа Химки 14.10.2012(in Russian)
  4. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  5. ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
  6. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  7. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  8. ↑ http://distancescalculator.net/khimki-moscow-oblast-russia-to-moscow-russia?m=dd&tm=5&el=false&latlngs=(55.8940553,37.443948699999964);(55.755826,37.6173)&c1=true&c2=false&c3=false&c4=false&c5=true&c6=false&c7=true&c8=false&c9=true&c10=false
  9. ↑ Город Химки, Московская область(in Russian)
  10. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olYUrlIfWg0 43 mins 45 secs into this "The World at War2 Episode 5"
  11. ↑ Axis History
  12. ↑ Axis History
  13. ↑ "Russia halts forest highway construction as opposition grows". Chicago Tribune. 2010-08-26.
  14. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  15. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.

Sources

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.