Kepler-8b

Kepler-8b
Exoplanet List of exoplanets

Size comparison of Kepler-8b with Jupiter.
Parent star
Star Kepler-8 (KOI 10)
Constellation Lyra
Right ascension (α) 18h 45m 9.1s
Declination (δ) +42° 27′ 3.8″
Apparent magnitude (mV) 13.9 [1]
Distance4338 ly
(1330 [1] pc)
Mass (m) 1.213 [2] M☉
Radius (r) 1.486 [2] R☉
Temperature (T) 6213 [2] K
Metallicity [Fe/H] -0.055 [2]
Age 3.84 [2] Gyr
Physical characteristics
Mass(m)0.603 [2] MJ
Radius(r)1.419 [2] RJ
Temperature (T) 1764 [2]
Orbital elements
Semi-major axis(a) 0.0483 [2] AU
Eccentricity (e) 0 [2]
Orbital period(P) 3.5225 [2] d
Inclination (i) 84.07 [2]°
Discovery information
Discovery date 2010-01-04[3]
Discoverer(s)
Discovery method Transit (Kepler Mission)[4]
Other detection methods Radial velocity,
Reflection/emission modulations
Discovery status Conference announcement[3]

Kepler-8b is the fifth of the first five exoplanets discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft, which aims to discover planets in a region of the sky between the constellations Lyra and Cygnus that transit (cross in front of) their host stars.[2][5] The planet is the hottest of the five.[6] Kepler-8b was the only planet discovered in Kepler-8's orbit, and is larger (though more diffuse) than Jupiter. It orbits its host star every 3.5 days. The planet also demonstrates the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, where the planet's orbit affects the redshifting of the spectrum of the host star. Kepler-8b was announced to the public on January 4, 2010 at a conference in Washington, D.C. after radial velocity measurements conducted at the W.M. Keck Observatory confirmed its detection by Kepler.

Nomenclature and history

The Kepler-8b planet is named because it was the first planet discovered in the orbit of Kepler-8. The star itself (and by extension, its planet) was named after the Kepler spacecraft, a NASA-run satellite that searches for terrestrial planets between constellations Cygnus and Lyra that transit, or cross in front of, their host stars with respect to Earth. This crossing slightly dims the star at a regular interval, which is used to determine if the cause of the fluctuation in brightness is indeed due to a planetary transit.[4] The planet was first noted as a potential transit event by the Kepler telescope, and was originally designated as KOI 10.01. Follow-up observations by the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer at Hawaii's W.M. Keck Observatory yielded additional information about the planet, including its mass and radius.[7] Kepler-8b was the fifth planet discovered by the Kepler telescope. The first three planets in Kepler's field of view had already been confirmed, and were used to test Kepler's accuracy.[2]

Kepler-8b was the last of the first five planets that Kepler discovered. Its discovery, along with the planets Kepler-4b, Kepler-5b, Kepler-6b, and Kepler-7b, were announced to the public at the 215th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Washington, D.C. This conference took place on January 4, 2010.[3] The discovery of these first five planets helped confirm Kepler's functionality.[8]

Host star

Kepler-8 is an F-type star in the Lyra constellation that lies approximately 1330 (± 180) parsecs away from Earth. With a mass and radius of, respectively, 1.213 Msun and 1.486 Rsun, the star is both more massive and wider than the Sun. With an effective temperature of 6213 K, Kepler-8 is also hotter than the Sun, although it is approximately three quarters of a billion years younger and is slightly less metal-rich.[1]

Characteristics

Kepler-8b has a mass of .603 MJ, but a radius of 1.419 RJ. This means that although Kepler is approximately 60% the mass of planet Jupiter, it is more diffuse, as it is 41.9% wider. Based on its size and the distance from its star, Kepler-8b is a Hot Jupiter planet, orbiting Kepler-8 from a distance of .0483 AU every 3.52254 days.[1] To compare, planet Mercury orbits the Sun at an average distance of .3871 AU every 87.97 days.[9] With an equilibrium temperature of 1764 K,[2] Kepler-8b was the hottest of the five planets announced during the conference stating its discovery.[5] Kepler-8b has an eccentricity of 0, which means that its orbit is very circular. The planet also has a density of .261 grams/cc,[1] approximately 74% less dense than purified water at 4 °C.[10]

The first five planets discovered by Kepler, compared by relative size. Kepler-8b is depicted in orange.

As Kepler-8b orbits its star, it demonstrates the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, in which the host star's spectrum becomes red- and, later, blueshifted, as a body transits it. The identification of this effect established Kepler-8b as orbiting in a prograde motion (as opposed to retrograde motion, in which a planet orbits in a direction opposite of its star's rotation).[7]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Notes for star Kepler-8". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 2010. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Summary Table of Kepler Discoveries". NASA. 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  3. 1 2 3 Rich Talcott (5 January 2010). "215th AAS meeting update: Kepler discoveries the talk of the town". Astronomy.com. Astronomy magazine. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  4. 1 2 "Kepler: About the Mission". Kepler Mission. NASA. 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  5. 1 2 "NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope Discovers its First Five Exoplanets". NASA. 2010-01-04. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
  6. ↑ Jaggard, Victoria (January 4, 2010). "Five New Planets Found; Hotter Than Molten Lava". Washington, D.C.: National Geographic News. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
  7. 1 2 Jenkins, J. M.; Borucki, W. J. (2010). "Discovery and Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect of Exoplanet 8b". Astrophysical Journal. 724. Bibcode:2010ApJ...724.1108J. arXiv:1001.0416 Freely accessible. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1108. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  8. ↑ "NASA's Kepler Space Telescope Discovers its FIrst Five Exoplanets". NASA. 4 January 2010. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  9. ↑ David Williams (17 November 2010). "Mercury Fact Sheet". Goddard Space Flight Center. NASA. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  10. ↑ Roger Walker (11 February 2010). "Mass, Weight, Density or Specific Gravity of Water at Various Temperatures". SImetric.co.uk. Retrieved 18 March 2011.

Further reading

Media related to Kepler-8 b at Wikimedia Commons

Coordinates: 18h 45m 9.1s, +42° 27′ 3.8″

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