Kelantan Sultanate

The palace of the Sultan of Kelantan in Kota Bharu

The Sultan of Kelantan is the constitutional head of Kelantan state in Malaysia. The executive power of the state is vested in him as the monarch of the state. The current sultan, Muhammad V, is the 29th Sultan of Kelantan. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities of its people. He is also the 15th and current Yang di-Pertuan Agong. His reign as the monarch and head of state of Malaysia or Yang di-Pertuan Agong began on 13 December 2016, after his election on 14 October 2016 at the 243th (special) Conference of Rulers.^[1]

History

Kelantan was historically a powerful state with trade links with early Chinese, Indian and Siamese civilisations. After being a tributary of the Majapahit and Srivijaya Empires in the 13th and 14th centuries, it fell under the power of Siam and then Malacca in the 15th century. Following the Portuguese conquest of Malacca in 1511, Kelantan dissolved into several petty fiefdoms. These were conquered again by the Siamese and made subject to neighbouring Pattani.^[2]

In 1760, the raja at Kubang Labu, variously identified by accounts as either Long Muhammad or Long Pandak, succeeded in reuniting the disparate territories under a single ruler.^[2] Four years later, he was overthrown by Long Yunus, an aristocratic warlord of Pattani origin, who seized the throne and proclaimed himself Raja of Kelantan. Following the death of Raja Yunus in 1795, control of the state was passed to Terengganu. In 1800, Long Muhammad, son of Yunus, declared himself Sultan Muhammad I. He was eventually accepted by the Siamese as ruler of a separate tributary, in 1812.^[2]

In September 2010, Sultan Ismail Petra was constitutionally deposed by the State Succession Council in favour of his eldest son, Muhammad Faris Petra (now the current sultan). The elder sultan had failed to sufficiently recover from a delibitating stroke from the previous May.^[2] This was followed by several months of litigations made by lawyers acting on behalf of the former sultan.

Residences

Palace of the Sultan of Kelantan, 1912.

• Istana Negeri (State Palace) located at Kubang Kerian, a district of Kota Bharu, is the official residence of the current ruler, Sultan Muhammad V. In addition, a number of official ceremonies have been performed at this palace.^[3]
• Istana Mahkota (Crown Palace), also at Kubang Kerian, is the official residence of the previous ruler, Sultan Ismail Petra and his wife, both of whom are still living.^[3]
• Istana Balai Besar (Grand Hall Palace), located in the downtown area of Kota Bharu, was constructed in 1840 under the orders of Sultan Muhammad II (r. 1835–1886). It replaced the old palace at Kota Lama as the administrative centre of the sultanate, and also served as the residence of a number of sultans. Since its completion, the town where the palace is located was named Kota Bharu (meaning "new fort") and later became the state capital of Kelantan. It now serves as the main palace for state ceremonial functions.^[3]
• Istana Telipot (Telipot Palace), located in Kota Bharu, served, until recently, as the official residence of the current sultan whilst he was heir-apparent.^[3]
• Istana Kota Lama (Old Fort Palace), located on the banks of the Kelantan River, is the old palace of the modern sultanate, and served as the official residence of the sultans of the early 19th century. Its proximity to the river made it subject to flooding, and was replaced by the Istana Balai Besar in 1840, and subsequently renamed (Kota Lama means "old fort"). However, it continues to be used as one of the official residences of the Kelantanese royalty.^[3]
• Istana Jahar (Jahar Palace), located in downtown Kota Bharu, was built in 1887 by Sultan Ahmad (r. 1886–1890) for his son and heir-apparent, Muhammad III (r. 1890–1891). The name Jahar was taken from the tree that stands at the entrance, also known as "Flame of the Forest". It now houses the Museum of Royal Traditions and Ceremonies (Malay: Muzium Adat Istiadat Diraja).^[3]
• Istana Batu, located in downtown Kota Bharu, was completed in 1939 under the reign of Sultan Ismail I (1920–1944). It was built as a wedding gift for his nephew and eventual successor, Yahya Petra (r. 1960–1979). It later served as the residence of the next crown prince, Ismail Petra. It now houses the Royal Museum (Malay: Muzium Diraja).^[3]

List of rulers

Sultans and Rajas of the Malay Kingdom of Jambi Dynasty

• 1267–1339: Raja Sang Tawal, Raja of Langkasuka, elder son of Raja Sakranta, Maharaja of Jawaka. Defeated by the Siamese in 1295 and fled from Ligor after losing Singgora, finally settling in Kelantan ahere he established a new capital
• 1339–1362: Sultan Mahmud ibnu 'Abdu'llah, Raja of Lankasuka and Kelantan, son of Paduka Sri Sang Tawal
• 1362–1418: Sultan Baki Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud, Raja of Chermin, son of Sultan Mahmud ibnu Abdullah, Raja of Langkasuka and Kelantan
• 1418–1429: Sultan Sadik Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Baki Shah [Maulana Nenggiri]
• 1429–1467: Sultan Iskandar Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Baki Shah
• 1467–1522: Sultan Mansur Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Iskandar Shah
• 1522–1526: Sultan Gombak ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mansur Shah
• 1526–1547: Sultan Ahmad Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Mansur, son of Raja Muda Mansur Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Gombak shah. Succeeded on the death of his grandfather
• 1547–1561: Sultan Mansur Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Shah
• 1561–1565: Sultan Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mansur (first time)
• 1565–1570: Raja Umar bin Raja Ahmad of Terengganu
• 1570–1579: Paduka Sri Sultan Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mansur (second time)

Sultans and Rajas from Champa Dynasty

• 1579–1597: Sultan Addil ud-din ibni al-Marhum Nik Jamal ud-din (1 time)
• 1597–1602: Sultan Muhammad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim
• 1602–1605: Sultan Addil ud-din ibni al-Marhum Nik Jamal ud-din (2 time), Raja of Kelantan
• 1605–1616: Sultan Samir ud-din ibni al-Marhum Nik Jamal ud-din, Raja of Kelantan, son of Nik Jamal ud-din bin Wan Abul Muzaffar, Deputy King of Champa
• 1616–1637: Sultan 'Abdu'l Kadir ibni al-Marhum Sultan Samir ud-din
• 1637–1649: Raja Sakti I ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'l Kadir, Raja of Kelantan-Utara (Jembal) and Patani
• 1649–1663: Raja Loyor bin Raja Sakti I
• 1663–1667: Interregnum or queen Puteri Saadong
• 1667–1671: Ratu Sa'adong I binti Raja Loyor, Putri Vijaya Mala, Raja of Jembal
• 1671–1676: Sultan Abdul Rahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan Samir ud-din Bahar
• 1675–1721: Sultan Omar Ibni Al-Marhum Raja Sakti I

Sultans and Rajas of Patani Dynasty

• 1721–1734: Raja Long Bahar bin Dato' Pengkalan Tua Wan Daim (Dato' Jambu of Patani) bin Dato' Wan Nik of Pattani Bin Andi Ali, son of a Bugis adventurer who arrived and settled in Patani ca. 1640, by his wife, a daughter of the Sri Biji di-Raja of Patani. Styled Laksamana and Tuan Long Besar before his accession. Succeeded his father-in-law, as Regent 1715. Became Raja of Patani soon afterwards, but was expelled by Raja Bendang Badan in 1716. Succeeded on the death of his grand father-in-law, as Raja of Kelantan-Utara (Jembal), before 22 October 1721. Assumed the title of Sultan. married (first) Raja Mas Kelantan, Raja Perempuan of Patani (d. 1707), daughter of Raja Bakar [Kampung Teluk], Raja of Patani. Married (second) Raja Pah binti Raja Sakti, daughter of Raja Sakti II bin Raja Umar, Raja of Kelantan.
• 1734–1739: Raja Long Sulaiman (1st time)Bin Long Bahar, Raja of Jembal (North Kelantan), eldest son of Paduka Sri Sultan Long Bahar ibni al-Marhum Raja Daim, Raja of Jembal (North Kelantan) and Patani, by his first wife, Raja Mas Kelantan, Raja Perempuan of Patani. Succeeded on the death of his father, 1734. Deposed by his cousin, 1739. Restored 1746 and deposed again by his son-in-law, 1756.
• 1739–1746: Interregnum (civil war) 1st Kelantanese Civil War between Kelantan Barat (led by Raja Long Pandak) and Kelantan Timur (led by Raja Long Sulaiman)
• 1746–1756: Raja Long Sulaiman (2nd time)
• 1756–1758: Raja Long Pandak bin Tuan Sulung Bin Dato' Pengkalan Tua Wan Daim. Succeeded as ruler of Kelantan-Barat (West Kelantan), ca. 1717. Granted the title of Dato' Sri Maharaja by Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Syah of Johor, 7 January 1741. Recognised as ruler of all Kelantan by his brother-in-law, Long Derahman, and installed at Fort Kubang Labu, 1756.
• 1758–1763: Raja Long Muhammad bin Tuan Sulung. Appointed Heir Apparent by his brother, with the title of Raja Muda, 1756. Proclaimed as Raja of Kelantan by Long Derahman, at Fort Kubang Labu, before 4 September 1758. Expelled from Kubang Labu by Long Yunus, before 12 July 1763.
• 1765–1795: Raja Long Yunus Bin Raja Long Sulaiman. Expelled Long Muhammad and became Raja of Kelantan at Fort Kubang Labu, before 12 July 1763. Became Raja and Yang di-Pertuan of Kelantan, 1776. Installed as Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Kelantan by his father-in-law Sultan Mansur Shah I of Terengganu, 1793. Married (first) before 1741, Tuan Encik Jumat, Inche' Puan Balai Dua, daughter of Engku Tanang Wangsa, of Trengganu, by his wife, Che' Milah, daughter of Kanda Abu. Married (second) ca. 1793, Inche' Encik Tuan Nawi, seventh daughter of Sultan Mansur Riayat Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Terengganu.
• 1795–1800: Tengku Muhammad Ibni Sultan Mansur Riayat Shah I of Terengganu married (first) 1764, Y.M. Encik Engku Wan Teh [Cik Ku Tuan Nawi], Cik Puan Kelantan, second daughter of Paduka Sri Raja Long Yunus. Installed as second Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Kelantan in 1795 after his father-in-law death. Defeated by Long Muhammad (Sultan Muhammad I) bin Raja Long Yunus in 1800.
• 1800–1835: Sultan Muhammad I Expelled his brother-in-law (Tengku Muhammad Ibni Sultan Mansur Terengganu)and the Trengganu faction, with Chinese help. Installed as Raja and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kelantan 17 November 1801 and became a separate tributary of Siam in 1812.
• 1835–1836 (jointly): Sultan Muhammad II and Tengku Long Zainal Abidin ibni al-Marhum Raja Long Yunus, Raja Bendahara, of Banggul (s/o a concubine). Installed as Raja Bendahara 17 November 1801. Appointed as Governor of Banggul and granted the title of Phaya Banggul by King Rama I of Siam 1812, prom. to Phra Bidaksha in 1842. Assumed power after the death of Sultan Muhammad I [Mandul] as regent with the title of Yang di-Pertuan Muda 26 January 1835. Deposed by Sultan Muhammad II, 1837. Minister of State at Nonchik 1842–1845. He died at Nongchik, Patani, 1845
• 1836–1886: Sultan Muhammad II ibni al-Marhum Tengku Temenggong Long Tan bin Raja Long Yunus [Sultan Mulut Merah] As a consequence of dissension within the Royal Family, he was obliged, by virtue of a Siamese compromise, to share power with his uncle, Tengku Long Zainal Abidin. The latter styled Yang di-Pertuan Muda and Muhammad Yang di-Pertuan Besar. Recognised as ruler by the King of Siam and raised to the title of Phaya Visit Bakdiya 1836, and prom. to Phraya Deva Kelantan 1845. Raised to the title of Phraya Devanujitha Mahesvara Rajanukula Vibunlaya Bakdiya Sri Sultan Muhammad Rattanathada Mahapaddana Adikara (Phraya Dechanuchitmahitsarajanukulawibunlayaphakdi Seri Sultan Muhammad Rattanathada Mahapathanathikan) by King Rama V of Siam 4 March 1877.
• 1886–1890: Sultan Ahmad Ibni Long Senik Mulut Merah (Marhum Besar). Appointed as regent of Kelantan but installed as Yang Di-Pertuan of Kelantan by Siam on 30 October 1886 after his father, Long Senik Mulut Merah (Sultan Muhammad II) died. Before that, appointed as Siamese Governor over Kelantan, prom. to the title of Phraya Rajadipati Putrapurutravisesa Pradisvara Rajanarubadindra Surindra Ravivamsa (Phraya Ratsathibodi Butburutphiset Prathetsaratchanarubodin Surintharawiwangsa) and presented with a Sword of Honour, 14 June 1869 by King Rama IV
• 1890–1891: Sultan Muhammad III ibni Sultan Ahmad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad [Sultan Bongsu], Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kelantan. b. 1845, eldest son of Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad ibni al-Marhum Muhammad, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kelantan, educ. privately. Appointed Raja Bendahara and Tengku Sri Indra before his accession. Appointed as Heir Apparent with the title of Raja Kelantan, 30 September 1887. Succeeded on the death of his father, 8 March 1890. Installed as Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar, at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 23 September 1890. m. (first) Tengku Sofia binti al-Marhum Tengku Putih, Tengku Ampuan, eldest daughter of Tengku Puteh ibni al-Marhum Sultan Phaya Long Muhammad, Raja of the State of Patani, by his first wife, Tengku Putri Cik binti al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad [Engku Na Nik], Tengku Raja, daughter Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad II ibni al-Marhum Tengku Temenggong Long Tan, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kelantan. m. (second) He died at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 11 May 1891 (bur. Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar)
• 1891–1900: Sultan Mansur Ibni Sultan Ahmad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Tengah [Sultan Mandul], Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kelantan. b. 1870, second son of Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad ibni al-Marhum Muhammad, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kelantan, educ. privately. Appointed as Heir Presumptive with the title of Raja Muda, 30 September 1887. Installed as Heir Apparent and regent for his brother, with the title of Raja Kelantan, 23 September 1890. Succeeded on his death, as Yang di-Pertuan, 11 May 1891. Granted the title of Phra Visit Bakdiya (Phra Bipitpakdi), 1897. Proclaimed as Paduka Sri Sultan, 26 July 1898. m. Y.M. Engku Nik binti al-Marham Raja Patani (d. after 1897). He d.s.p. at Istana Johar, Kota Bharu, 17 June 1899 (bur. Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar).

Sultan Muhammad IV ibni Sultan Muhammad III, circa 1909-1910.

• 1900–1920: Sultan Muhammad IV ibni Sultan Muhammad III ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad III, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Da’ar ul-Na’im, KCMG (1 January 1913). b. at Kota Bharu, 23 May 1870, eldest son of Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad III ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kelantan, by his first wife, Tengku Sofia binti al-Marhum Tengku Putih, Tengku Ampuan, eldest daughter of Tengku Puteh ibni al-Marhum al-Marhum Sultan Phaya Long Muhammad, Raja of the State of Patani, educ. privately. Granted the title of Tengku Sri Indra, 23 September 1890. Appointed as Heir Presumptive with the title of Raja Muda 25 July 1898. Granted the title of Phaya Bpakdi Sri Sultan Muhammad Ratna Nuchit Siti Santun Wiwangsa Pia Kelantan by the King of Siam. Succeeded on the death of his childless uncle, 17 June 1899. Installed as Raja Kelantan and Yang di-Pertuan, with the style of Yang Teramat Mulia, 9 February 1900. Granted the title of Phaya Deja by the King of Siam in 1897, and prom. to Phaya Bipitpakdi 1900. Kelantan was transferred to British Protection, 19 July 1909. Crowned as Paduka Sri Baginda Sultan Muhammad IV with the style of Duli Yang Maha Mulia, and granted a permanent salute of 17-guns, 22 June 1911. Altered the name of the state to Negeri Kelantan Dar ul-Naim, July 1916. Founded the Darjah Kerabat Yang Amat di-Hormatai (Royal Family Order) and the Paduka Mahkota Kelantan al-Muhammad (the Order of the Crown of Kelantan of Muhammad), 1916. Rcvd: GC Order of the Crown of Siam (1905). m. (first) 1888, Nik Wan Zainab binti Nik Wan Muhammad Amin [Sultana Zainab] (b. 1877; d. at Kota Bharu, 23 July 1928, bur. Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar), crowned as Sultana at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 15 February 1916, daughter of Nik Wan Muhammad Amin bin Wan ‘Abdu’l gallaran Ngah. m. (second) Cik Jarah binte Encik Yusuf. He died at the Istana, Kota Bharu, 23 December 1920 (bur. Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar)
• 1920–1943: Sultan Ismail Ibni Sultan Muhammad IV ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad IV, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Dar ul-Naim, KCMG (2 January 1922). b. at Kota Bharu, 20 August 1880, eldest son of Paduka Sri Baginda Sultan Muhammad IV ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad III, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Da'ar ul-Na'im, KCMG, by his wife, Sultana Zainab, educ. privately. Granted the title of Tengku Sri Jaya Raja, and prom. to Tengku Sri Indra Mahkota 11 March 1901. Granted the title of Phra Rattasadana Adipati Putra (Phra Ratsada Tibodi But) by the King of Siam 1901. Appointed as Heir Apparent and formally invested with the title of Raja Kelantan and the style of Mulia (His Highness), 22 June 1911. MSC Kelantan 1900–1920. Succeeded on the death of his father, 23 December 1920. Crowned at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 28 April 1921. Founded the Most Honourable Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan or, the Star of Ismail I 1925, etc. m. (first) Tengku Petri binti Tengku Long, Tengku Ampuan, second daughter of Tengku Long bin Tengku Ngah [Long Besut], Tengku Sri Indra Segara, of Besut, in Trengganu, by his first wife, Tengku Embong binti al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad, third daughter of Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad III ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kelantan. m. (second) 1915, Y.M. Tengku Nik bin Tengku Kaya Pahlawan, daughter of Y.A.M. Tengku Chik, Tengku Kaya Pahlawan. m. (third) Wan Mek, from Bukit Marak. m. (fourth) Tengku Sri Mariam binti Tengku Ahmad, daughter of Tengku Ahmad, by his wife, a daughter of Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad ibni al-Marhum Muhammad, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kelantan. He died from tuberculosis, at Istana Jahar, Kota Bharu, 20 June 1944 (bur. Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar),
• 1945–1960: Sultan Ibrahim Ibni almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Dar ul-Naim, KCMG (10 June 1948, CMG 4 June 1934). b. at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 9 October 1897, second son of Paduka Sri Baginda Sultan Muhammad IV ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad III, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Da’ar ul-Na’im, KCMG, by his wife, Sultana Zainab, educ. privately. Granted the title of Tengku Sri Indra Mahkota by his father, 22 June 1911. Appointed as Heir Apparent with the title of Raja Kelantan and the style of Yang Teramat Mulia (His Highness), 21 April 1921. ADC to his father 1911–1920, MSC 1913–1941, Presdt Brd. of Religious Affairs and Malay Customs 1919–1944, State Sec 1921–1929, Representative of the Sultan in Singapore 1942. Succeeded on the death of his brother, 20 June 1944. Proclaimed 21 June 1944 and crowned at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 25 October 1944. Attended the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in London 1953 Rcvd: DMN (31 August 1958), DK of Johor (17 September 1953), Silver Jubilee (1935) and Coronation (1937 & 1953) medals, etc. m. (first) at the Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 6 July 1914, Sultana Zainab binti Tengku Zainal Abidin, Raja Perempuan (b. 1897; d. 28 September 1985, bur. Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar, Kota Bharu), granted the title of Tengku Embong with the style of Yang Amat Mulia 6 July 1914, and crowned with her husband as Raja Perempuan 25 October 1944, daughter of Tengku Long Zainal Abidin ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad III, Raja Dewa. m. (second) at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 1915 (div. 1929) Tengku Yah binti Tengku Long Sulaiman, Tengku Maharani Petri (d. at Padang Garong, Kota Bharu, before 19 February 1951, bur. Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar), granted the title of Tengku Maharani Petri with the style of Yang Amat Mulia, daughter of Tengku Long Sulaiman ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad [Tuan Man], Tengku Sri Pekerma Raja, by his wife, Engku Hajjah Amina binti Engku Long Demor, elder daughter of Engku Long Demor bin Engku Long Sri, Tengku Sri Maharaja, sometime DH of Jeram. m. (third) 1916, Y.M. Cik Embong binti Daud, Che’ Puan Besar (b. 1899; d. at Istana Batu, Kota Bharu, 31 December 1971, bur. Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar). m. (fourth) Cik Siti. m. (fifth) Cik Safiah. m. (sixth) Cik Habiba. He died from a cerebral haemorrhage, at Istana Sri Cemerlang, Kota Bharu, 9 July 1960 (bur. Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar)
• 1960–1979: Sultan Yahya Petra Ibni almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Dar ul-Naim, CMG (5 June 1952). b. at Istana Kota Lama, Sungai Kelantan, Kota Bharu, 10 December 1917, second son of Paduka Sri Sultan Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad IV, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Dar ul-Naim, KCMG, by his third wife, Cik Embong binti Daud, Che’ Puan Besar, educ. Francis Light Sch, Georgetown, Penang, and in England. Raised by his heirless uncle, Sultan Ismail I. Invested with the title of Tengku Temenggong 21 July 1939, and prom to Tengku Bendahara 6 February 1945. Appointed as Heir Apparent in preference to his eldest brother and granted the title of Tengku Mahkota and style of Yang Teramat Mulia, 1 February 1948. Formally invested at the Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 19 June 1948. Vice-Presdt of the Council of Religion & Malay Customs 1941–1947, Private Sec to the Sultan 1943–1944, Asst State Treasurer 1944–1945, Territorial Chief (Ketua Jajahan) of Kota Bharu 1945–1948, Presdt of the Council of Religion & Malay Customs 1948–1953, and Regent of Kelantan 3 to 30 June 1953 and 12 August to 12 December 1958. Succeeded on the death of his father, 9 July 1960. Installed at the Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 10 December 1960, and crowned there by the Tengku Panglima Raja 17 July 1961. Became Deputy Supreme Head of State Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan AgongTimbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong from 22 July 1970, and King of Malaysia with the title of Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong and style of Majesty, 21 September 1975. Col-in-Chief the Malaysian Artillery Regt, 29/6/1966-1979. Patron The Kelantan Royal Project. Rcvd: DKM, DK (21 July 1939), DMN (17 July 1961), and SMN (31 August 1958) of Malaysia, SPMK (9 August 1950), SJMK (9 August 1959), SPSK, DK of Brunei (1961), Trengganu (23 June 1964), Selangor (21 July 1966), Kedah (5 July 1969), Pahang, and Perlis (13 February 1978), and DP of Sarawak, Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (1953), etc. m. (first) at the Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 4 June 1939, Tengku Zainab binti Tengku Muhammad Petra, Raja Perempuan (b. at Kota Bharu, 7 August 1917; d. at Istana Negeri, Kubang Kerian, 9 January 1992, bur. at the Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar, Kota Bharu), educ. privately, raised to the title of Tengku Ampuan Mahkota with the style of Yang Teramat Mulia 9 August 1956, crowned as Raja Perempuan with the style of Duli Yang Maha Mulia (Her Highness) at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 17 July 1961, Presdt Kelantan Girl Guides Assoc, Organiser State Poppy Day Fund, Advisor The Kelantan Royal Project, rcvd: DK (10 July 1960), SPMK (9 August 1956), and DMN of Malaysia (28 February 1976), daughter of Tengku Muhammad Petra bin Tengku Idris, Tengku Sri Utama Raja, by his wife, Tengku Kembang Petri binti al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad IV, Tengku Maharani Petri, daughter of Paduka Sri Baginda Sultan Muhammad IV ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad III, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Da’ar ul-Na’im, KCMG. m. (second) ... m. (third) Tengku Alexandria binti Tengku Yusuf [Elekzandariah], sister of Tengku Amri bin Tengku Yusuf and Tengku Muhammad bin Tengku Yusuf. m. (fourth) ... He died from heart failure at Istana Negara, Kuala Lumpur, 29 March 1979 (bur. Royal Cemetery, Kampung Langgar, Kota Bharu)
• 1979–2010: Sultan Ismail II Ibni Sultan Yahya Petra Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Da’ar ul-Na’im. b. at Istana Jahar, Kota Bharu, 11 November 1949, eldest son of Colonel Paduka Sri Sultan Yahya Petra ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Dar ul-Naim, GCMG, by his wife, Tengku Zainab binti Tengku Muhammad Petra, Raja Perempuan, daughter of Tengku Muhammad Petra bin Tengku Idris, Tengku Sri Utama Raja, educ. privately and at Sultan Ismail Coll, Kota Bharu. Installed as Heir Apparent with the title of Tengku Mahkota, 11 November 1967. Attache State Secretariat and Kota Bharu Land Office 1968. Served as Regent during the absence of his father from the state, 6 to 25 July 1974, 12 July to 28 August 1975, and from 21 September 1975 to 29 March 1979. Succeeded on the death of his father, 29 March 1979. Crowned at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 30 March 1980. He was formally deposed in favour of his eldest son by the Kelantan Royal Succession Council of State, on the grounds of incapacity after failing to fully recover from a debilitating stroke, 13 September 2010 (after an amendment to the state constitution gazetted 22 July 2010). Thereafter styled Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Ismail Petra (instead of Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Kelantan). Maj TA 1 November 1974, prom Hon Lieut-Col 1 January 1976, Hon Col 15 March 1988, and Hon Maj-Gen, Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Artillery Regt 1997, and of the Royal Intelligence Corps. Hon D.Phil (Univ Malaysia Sabah) 2007. Patron Royal Kelantan Club until 1992. Rcvd: DK, SPMK, SJMK, SPKK, SPSK, DMN, SMN (25 February 1959), DK of Negri Sembilan, Selangor (13 November 1988), Johor, Kedah, Perak, Trengganu, and Perlis, DKMB of Brunei, DPSS of Sarawak, DP of Sarawak. m. (first) at Istana Kota Lama, Kota Bharu, 4 December 1968 (nikah) and at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 12 March 1969 (zifaf), Tengku Anis binti Tengku ‘Abdu’l Hamid, Raja Perempuan (b. at Aplm Manor, 6 January 1949), educ. Sultana Zainab Sch, Kota Bharu, granted the title of Tengku Ampuan Mahkota 1 January 1969, and crowned with her husband as Raja Perempuan 30 March 1980, rcvd: DK, DK of Brunei, Negri Sembilan, and Perlis, DK 1st class of Johor, SPMK, SPMP of Perlis (1988), and DK 2nd class of Selangor, third daughter of Tengku ‘Abdu’l Hamid bin Tengku Muda, of Jering (Yambu), Patani, Thailand, by his wife, Tengku Azizah binti Tengku Muhammad Hamzah, daughter of Tengku Muhammad Hamzah bin Tengku Zainal Abidin, Tengku Sri Maharaja, OBE, sometime Chief Minister of Kelantan. m. (second) at Kota Bharu, Kelantan, 23 December 2007 (div. at Mount Elizabeth Hospital, Singapore, 12 February 2010), Cik Puan Elia Suhana binti Ahmad (b. 1979), daughter of Encik Ahmad bin ‘Abdu’l Hamid
• 2010-Now: Sultan Muhammad V Ibni Sultan Ismail II Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Da’ar ul-Na’im. b. at Istana Batu, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, 6 October 1969, eldest son of Major-General Paduka Sri Sultan Ismail Petra ibni al-Marhum Sultan Yahya Petra, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kelantan Da’ar ul-Na’im, by his wife, Tengku Anis binti Tengku ‘Abdu’l Hamid, Raja Perempuan, educ. Sultan Ismail Sch, Satu, Kota Bharu, Alice Smith Sch, Kuala Lumpur, Oakham School, Rutland, St Cross College, Oxford, the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, Deutsche Stiflung Entwicking, Berlin, and the European Business School, London. Appointed as Heir Apparent with the title of Tengku Mahkota 30 March 1979 and formally installed at Balairong Sri, Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu 6 October 1985. Mbr Kelantan Royal Council 1985–2010. Appointed as Regent on behalf of his incapacitated father after he suffered a serious stroke, 24 May 2009. Formally installed as Regent and acting Sultan of Kelantan with the style of Yang Maha Mulia (His Royal Highness) at Balairong Sri, Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 25 May 2009. Proclaimed as Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad V ibni Sultan Ismail Petra by the Kelantan Royal Succession Council of State, following the deposition of his ailing father, at Balairong Sri, Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, 13 September 2010. Cdt 506 Regt, TA. Hon Brig-Gen Royal Malaysian Army. Rcvd: DK (11 November 1986), SPMK, SJMK, SPSK, etc. m. at the Istana Negeri in Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, 15 November 2004 (div. 2009?), Tengku Zubaida binti Tengku Nur ud-din, Tengku Ampuan Mahkota (b. at the Royal Palace, Jering, Patani, 1979), née Kangsadarn Pipitpakdee, styled Tengku Ampuan Mahkota with the style of Her Highness from 15 November 2004, paternal first cousin of his mother and second daughter of Tengku Nur ud-din bin Tengku Muda Muhammad [Vairoj Pipitpakdee], of Jering, in Patani, sometime MP for Jering in the National Assembly of Thailand (Thai Parliament), by his wife, Cik Jamila binti Cik ‘Abdu’llah.

References