Katarina Witt

Katarina Witt
Witt 2014
Personal information
Country represented	East Germany (1977–1988)  Germany (1994)
Born	(1965-12-03) 3 December 1965 Staaken, East Germany
Height	1.65 m (5 ft 5 in)
Former coach	Jutta Müller
Skating club	SC Karl-Marx-Stadt
Retired	1988 and 1994
Medal record Representing  East Germany Ladies' figure skating Olympic Games 1984 Sarajevo Ladies' singles 1988 Calgary Ladies' singles World Championships 1984 Ottawa Ladies' singles 1985 Tokyo Ladies' singles 1987 Cincinnati Ladies' singles 1988 Budapest Ladies' singles 1982 Copenhagen Ladies' singles 1986 Geneva Ladies' singles European Championships 1983 Dortmund Ladies' singles 1984 Budapest Ladies' singles 1985 Gothenburg Ladies' singles 1986 Copenhagen Ladies' singles 1987 Sarajevo Ladies' singles 1988 Prague Ladies' singles 1982 Lyon Ladies' singles

Katarina Witt (born 3 December 1965) is a retired German figure skater. Witt won two Olympic gold medals for East Germany, first at the 1984 Sarajevo Olympics and the second in 1988 at the Calgary Olympics. She is a four-time World champion (1984, 1985, 1987, 1988) and twice World silver medalist (1982, 1986). A feat only equalled by Sonja Henie among female skaters, Witt won six consecutive European Championships (1983–1988). Her competitive record makes her one of the most successful figure skaters of all time.

Early life

Witt was born in Staaken in East Germany, just outside West Berlin, which is today part of Berlin.^[1] Her mother worked in a hospital as a physiotherapist and her father was a farmer.^[2] She went to school in Karl-Marx-Stadt (which today has reverted to its pre-war name of Chemnitz). There she attended Kinder- und Jugendsportschule, a special school for athletically talented children.

Competitive career

Katarina Witt in 1982

Witt at the 1986 World Championships

Witt at the 1988 Calgary Olympics

Witt represented the SC Karl-Marx-Stadt club for East Germany (GDR). Jutta Müller began coaching her in 1977. Witt trained six days a week,^[2] sometimes for seven hours a day with three hours spent on compulsory figures.^[3]

Witt made her first appearance in a major international competition at the 1979 European Championships, finishing 14th at the event. At the 1981 World Championships she placed 1st in the short, 3rd in the long, and 2nd in the combined free skating, missing a medal due to low placem in figures. She placed on a major podium for the first time in 1982, winning silver at both the European and World Championships. She had a great shot of winning the 1982 World Championships, which she only required winning the long program to do, but stepping out of 3 jumps, including her legendary triple flip which she was the first women to do, and an easy (for her) double axel, cost her the long program win and overall gold medal to Elaine Zayak who landed 6 triples. The next season, she won her first European title but finished off the World podium in fourth place, despite winning the combined free skating (she was 8th in compulsory figures. Had she placed 1st instead of 2nd (on a 5-4 split) to Sumners in the long program, she would have jumped to the silver overall over both Leistner and Vodezorova. Her free skate with a triple flip and 5 triples was technically superior to Sumners, and many believed should have taken the crucial 1st place in this phase.

In 1984, Witt was voted "GDR female athlete of the year" by the readers of the East German newspaper Junge Welt. She narrowly won the 1984 Olympic title in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, over the favoured contender, reigning World champion Rosalynn Sumners of the United States. Witt and Sumners held the top two spots heading into the Olympic free skate, which was worth fifty percent of the total score. Witt landed three triple jumps in her free skate program, and the judges left room for Sumners to win the event. Sumners scaled back two of her jumps and Witt won the long program by one-tenth of a point on one judge's scorecard. Witt then went on to win her first World title in dominant fashion (without Sumners) winning all 3 phases of the competition. She said then she planned to continue awhile longer but did not see herself likely making it to the 1988 Calgary Olympics.

Witt successfully defended her World title in 1985. Here she was solid and clean in all 3 phases, placing 3rd to her 2 main competitors Kira Ivanova and Tiffany Chin in the compulsory figures, convincingly winning the short program even over the clean skates of Ivanova and Chin. In the long program she was put under pressure by Kira who made a strong bid for the gold with a clean 3 triple long program including a difficult triple loop, but Witt trumped her with a 4 triple long program which highlighted much better artistry than the Soviet, to overtake her 6 judges to 3 in the long program and overall. The judges left room for Tiffany Chin to win the long program and event, but unfortunately she fell on a double axel and did not complete a triple salchow in her performance, settling for the bronze medal. Witt's long standing dominance of the sport was finally punctured when in an upset she placed second to American Debi Thomas, the new United States Champion, the following year. At those Worlds she did win the long program over Debi's clean skate with identical content, scoring two 6.0s for artistic impression, but a combination miss which left her 4th in the short cost her the gold. This was also the first time since 1980 she would lose the short program phase at a World Championships. To win she would have needed the final skater Tiffany Chin to place between her and Debi in the long program, which did not occur. She had been considering making the 1986 World Championships her final event, but stung by the loss, Witt vowed to regain her title and skate onto Calgary.

In 1987, Witt won her third World title. Although Witt finished fifth in compulsory figures, which meant that Thomas could finish second in both the short and long programs and still retain the World title, Thomas' 7th place in the short program (due to a small hand down on her double axel) put the two skaters on a level playing field ahead of the free skate. In fact, five skaters entered the long program in strong contention for the gold- Kira Ivanova, Witt, Thomas, Elizabeth Manley, and Caryn Kadavy, all needing to only win the long program (or win the long program and beat Kira by two places in the long program in the case of Manley and Kadavy) to win. Skating last and under immense pressure with both Kadavy and Thomas having earlier turned in brilliant performances, Witt landed five triple jumps, including a clean triple loop jump which was most crucial of all to win. Earlier Thomas had two footed her triple-loop attempt, and while Kadavy had done two successful triple loops, she had also popped several triple or double-axel attempts. Even on a night of brilliant skating by a majority of the notable competitors, Witt convincingly both the best technical and artistic marks of the night, was ranked first by seven of the nine judges, and reclaimed her World title to an appreciative crowd.

In 1988, Witt won her sixth-consecutive European Championship, equaling the achievement of Sonja Henie as the most-successful skater in ladies' singles at the European Championships. Both Witt's and Henie's number of European titles have since been surpassed by Irina Slutskaya, but Witt retains the record of most consecutive European titles, sharing it with Henie.

Both Witt and Thomas were favoured contenders at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Canada. Their rivalry was known as the "Battle of the Carmens", as each woman had independently elected to skate her long program to music from Bizet's opera Carmen. They held the top two spots after the compulsory figures and the short program. Witt was third in the compulsories, behind Kira Ivanova and Thomas before winning the short program with Thomas second. In her long program, Witt landed four triple jumps and downgraded her planned triple-loop jump to a double loop. This left room for Thomas to win the long program, but Thomas missed three of her five planned triple jumps. Canadian skater Elizabeth Manley won the long program convincingly over Witt (seven judges to two), but Witt retained her Olympic title based on her overall scores (she had finished ahead of Manley in both the compulsory figures and the short program). Witt became only the second woman in figure skating history (after Sonja Henie) to defend her Olympic title. Had Manley not narrowly lost second place to Thomas in the short program (by one judge), or Witt not narrowly held onto second place over Ito in the long program (on a 6-3 split), Manley would have defeated Witt for the overall gold medal.

To honour Witt and her win in Calgary, North Korea issued miniature sheets with three large pictures of Witt on the ice.^[4] Time magazine called her "the most beautiful face of socialism."^[2]

Witt won a 4th and final World title to end her amateur career at the 1988 World Championships in Budapest, Hungary. She turned in a relatively lackluster long program, popping out of both a planned triple loop and triple salchow, and below the quality of her Olympic performance, but benefitting from other top contenders also being mostly subpar and fatigued after the high of the Calgary Games, she would win gold with a victory in compulsory figures (her only ever in a World or Olympic event), 2nd place to Debi Thomas in the short program, and victory in the long program. One of her rivals silver medalist Elizabeth Manley would later complain about some of what she perceived to be dubious foulplay of the event, including Witt's win in the figures where whe overcame Manley's lead in the first 2 figures in the final loop figure, which Manley believed to be her best, and Manley's music not being played properly to start her short program (where Manley had a combination miss and took only 4th place, ending her gold medal chances).

In 1988, Witt started a professional career – rare for East-German athletes. She spent three years on tour in the United States with Brian Boitano, also an Olympic champion. Their show, "Witt and Boitano Skating", was so successful that for the first time in ten years, New York's Madison Square Garden was sold out for an ice show. Later, she continued at Holiday on Ice in the United States and in western Europe. She also became an actress in the film Carmen on Ice (1989), which expanded upon her gold-medal free program in Calgary. In 1990, she received an Emmy Award for her role in this film. As a professional she was never as successful competitively as an amateur, often placing last of 4 or 5 women in her appearances at the 2 biggest professional championships- Challenge of Champions and World Professional Championships in Landover, but continued to earn huge acclaim as an entertainer and show skater.

In 1994, Witt made a comeback to the competitive-skating scene, coached again by Jutta Müller. She was expected to be in a fierce 3 person fight for only 2 spots on the German Olympic team with both young rising star Tanja Szewcenko and veteran Marina Kiellmann who was almost the same age as Witt. She finished second at the German Championships behind Tanja but above Marina. Witt's first international competition for the reunified country of Germany, following eleven years competing for East Germany, was the 1994 European Championships, where she finished 8th, again behind Tanja who was 5th, but again ahead of Kiellmann who was ninth. She and Tanja thus gained the 2 available spots ahead of Marina for the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, where she finished seventh. Particularly pleasing to Katarina was her clean and very confident short program, where with some of the contenders with more a difficult jump combination- Lu Chen, Josee Chouinard, Yuka Sato, Tonya Harding, faltering, left her 6th and an inclusion into the final flight of the long program which few gave her chance of pre Games. In a dramatic buildup she would also draw last to skate, and get to close the show in her final Olympic skate, after the medalists had already been determined. Her free program to the music “Sag mir wo die Blumen sind” (an arrangement of the Pete Seeger folksong "Where Have All the Flowers Gone") included a peace message for the people of Sarajevo, the site of her first Olympic victory. While she had some technical problems, completing only 3 of her planned 5 triples, she delivered perhaps the most emotional and moving performance of the whole evening. She received the Golden Camera for her Olympic comeback.

Witt's taste in figure-skating costumes sometimes caused debate. At the 1983 European Championships, she skated her Mozart short program in knee breeches instead of a skirt. Her blue, skirtless feather-trimmed 1988 costume for a showgirl-themed short program was considered too theatrical and sexy, and led to a change in the ISU regulations dubbed the "Katarina rule" which required female skaters to wear more modest clothing; skirts were required to cover the buttocks and crotch.^[5][6] In 1994, skating a Robin Hood-themed program, she again pushed the boundaries of costume regulations by wearing a short tunic over leggings.

In 1994, Witt published her autobiography Meine Jahre zwischen Pflicht und Kür (My Years between Compulsories and Freestyle). In 1995, Witt was inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame. Her farewell from show skating tour took place in February and March 2008.

Post-skating career

In 1996, Witt had a cameo role in the movie Jerry Maguire. She also starred in a German-language movie called Princess on Ice. Witt provided the vocals for the theme song, "Skate With Me". Witt appeared as herself in two episodes of the TV comedy series Arli$$ that aired in 1997 and 1998.

Witt posed nude for Playboy magazine at age 32, and the pictures were published months later in the December 1998 issue (she turned 33 on 3 December), which was the second ever sold-out issue of the magazine.^[7] (The first sold-out issue was the inaugural one including photos of Marilyn Monroe.) Witt said she did not care for the "cute, pretty, ice princess image" of figure skaters and wanted to "change people's perceptions."^[2]

In 1998, Witt appeared in the film Ronin in a small supporting role with several lines of dialogue. Around this time, she also played a villain in an episode of the tongue-in-cheek television series, V.I.P. In November 2005, Witt published a novel, Only with Passion, in which she offers advice to a fictional young skater based on her many years of skating. Since October 2006, she has had her own TV show, Stars auf Eis (Stars on Ice), on the German station ProSieben. She was invited to Istanbul as an honoured guest for the skating competition TV show called Buzda Dans (Dance on Ice) on 25 February 2007. On 3 December 2011, Witt was confirmed as a judge on the UK TV show Dancing On Ice, where she made her first appearance on 8 January 2012.^[8]

On 7 July 2007, Witt was a compere at the German segment of Live Earth. She headed Munich's unsuccessful bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympics.^[9]

In January 2013, Witt appeared on German TV in her first leading role, playing a figure skater who is pursued by a stalker. The made-for-television movie Der Feind in meinem Leben (The enemy in my life) thus has autobiographical elements, as Witt herself had been stalked 20 years before in the US.^[10][11]

East German files

Following the dissolution of East Germany, Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (Stasi) files were found to show that the secret police had worked hard to keep Witt from defecting by giving her cars, accommodations, and permitted travel.^[12] Witt found 3,000 pages on her life from the age of eight.^[3]

Programs

Results

See also

• Sport in Berlin

Bibliography

• Beisteiner, Johanna: Art music in figure skating, synchronized swimming and rhythmic gymnastics / Kunstmusik in Eiskunstlauf, Synchronschwimmen und rhythmischer Gymnastik. PhD thesis by Johanna Beisteiner, Vienna 2005, (German). The PhD thesis contains an extensive description and analysis of Carmen on Ice (Chapter II/2, pages 105–162). Article about the PhD thesis of Johanna Beisteiner in the catalogue of the Austrian Library Network. 2005. (German and English)

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Katarina Witt.

• Official website
• Katarina Witt on IMDb

Awards and achievements
Preceded by Marita Koch	East German Sportswoman of the Year 1984	Succeeded by Marita Koch