Karramiyya
Karramiyya (Arabic: كرّاميّه , translit. Karrāmiyyah) is a sect in Islam which flourished in the central and eastern parts of the Islamic worlds, and especially in the Iranian regions, from the 9th century until the Mongol invasions in 13th century.[1]
 Part of a series on IslamAqidah |
|---|
 |
|
Including: 1Jahmi; 2Karramiyya; 3Alawites & Qizilbash 4Sevener-Qarmatians, Assassins & Druzes 5Azariqa, Ajardi, Bayhasiyya, Hārūrī, Najdat & Sūfrī; 6Nūkkārī; 7Bahshamiyya & Ikhshîdiyya 8Alevism, Bektashi Order & Qalandariyya  Islam portal |
The sect was founded by Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Karrām[2] (d. 896) who was a popular preacher in Khurasan in the 9th century.
Doctrine
The doctrine of the Karramiyya consisted of literalism and anthropomorphism. Ibn Karram considered that God was a substance and that He had a body (jism) finite in certain directions when He comes into contact with the Throne.[3][4][5] This belief was rejected by orthodox Sunni Muslim scholars such as Ibn Hajar al-Haytami who stated that, "They believe that God is a body sitting on the Throne, touching it and resting on it, and then moves down every night during the last third of the night to the heavens, and then goes back to His place at dawn."[6]
They also believed that Munkar and Nakir angels were actually the same as guardian angels on the right and left side of every person.[4]
The Karramiyya also held the view that the world was eternal and that God's power was limited.[3]
These beliefs were rejected by many Sunni theologians as heretical and eventually disappeared. The Karramiyya operated center's of worship and propagated asceticism.[7]
References
- ↑ Karrāmiyya. BRILL. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
- ↑ Encyclopedia Iranica, "KARRĀMIYA"
- 1 2 Lewis, B.; Menage, V.L.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. (1997) [1st. pub. 1978]. Encyclopaedia of Islam (New Edition). Volume IV (Iran-Kha). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 667. ISBN 9004078193.
- 1 2 J. Hoffman, Valerie (2012). The Essentials of Ibadi Islam. Syracuse University Press. p. 328. ISBN 978-0815650843. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
- ↑ Fleming, Benjamin; Mann, Richard (2014). Material Culture and Asian Religions: Text, Image, Object. Routledge. p. 333. ISBN 978-1-135013738. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
- ↑ Yossef Rapoport and Shahab Ahmed, Introduction in Ibn Taymiyya and His Times, eds. Yossef Rapoport and Shahab Ahmed (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2010), 278
- ↑ Porter Berkey, Jonathan (2003). The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800. 2 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 286. ISBN 9780521588133. Retrieved August 28, 2014.