Karachay-Balkar language

Karachay-Balkar
Къарачай-Малкъар тил
Таулу тил
Native to Russia
Region Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay–Cherkessia, Afyonkarahisar Province
Ethnicity Karachays, Balkars
Native speakers
 310,000 (2010 census)[1]
Turkic
Dialects
  • Karachay
  • Balkar
Cyrillic,
Latin
Official status
Official language in

 Russia

Language codes
ISO 639-2 krc
ISO 639-3 krc
Glottolog kara1465[2]
Koran Karachay-Balkar language version

The Karachay-Balkar language (Къарачай-Малкъар тил, Qaraçay-Malqar til or Таулу тил, Tawlu til) is a Turkic language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars. It is divided into two dialects: Karachay-Baksan-Chegem, which pronounces two phonemes as /tʃ/ and /dʒ/, and Balkar, which pronounces the corresponding phonemes as /ts/ and /z/. The modern Karachay-Balkar written language is based on the Karachay-Baksan-Chegem dialect. The language is closely related to Kumyk.[3]

Alphabet

Modern Karachay-Balkar Cyrillic alphabet:

А а
/a/		 Б б
/b/		 В в
/v/		 Г г
/g/		 Гъ гъ
 Д д
/d/		 Дж дж
 Е е
/je/
Ё ё
/ø, jo/		 Ж ж*
/ʒ/		 З з
/z/		 И и
/i/		 Й й
/j/		 К к
/k/		 Къ къ
/q/		 Л л
/l/
М м
/m/		 Н н
/n/		 Нг нг
/ŋ/		 О о
/o/		 П п
/p/		 Р р
/r/		 С с
/s/		 Т т
/t/
У у
/u, w/		 Ф ф*
/f/		 Х х Ц ц
/ts/		 Ч ч
/tʃ/		 Ш ш
/ʃ/		 Щ щ
ъ
Ы ы
/ɯ/		 ь
Э э
/e/		 Ю ю
/y, ju/		 Я я
/ja/

Karachay-Balkar Latin alphabet:

A a B в C c Ç ç D d E e F f G g
Ƣ ƣ I i J j K k Q q L l M m N n
N̡ n̡ O o Ө ө P p R r S s Ş ş T t
Ь ь U u V v Y y X x Z z Ƶ ƶ

Grammar

Nominals

Cases

Case Suffix
Nominative -ø
Accusative -NI
Genitive -NI
Dative -GA
Locative -DA
Ablative -DAн

Possessive suffixes

1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Singular -Iм -Iнг -(s)I(n)
Plural -IбIз -IгIз -(s)I(n)

Language example

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Karachay-Balkar:

In Cyrillic Transliteration Translation
Бютеу адамла эркин болуб эмда сыйлары бла хакълары тенг болуб тууадыла. Алагъа акъыл бла намыс берилгенди эмда бир-бирлерине къарнашлыкъ халда къараргъа керекдиле. Bütew adamla erkin bolub emda sıyları bla haqları teñ bolub tuwadıla. Alağa aqıl bla namıs berilgendi emda bir-birlerine qarnaşlıq halda qararğa kerekdile. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Numerals

Numeral Karachay-Balkar Kumyk Nogay
0 ноль ноль ноль
1 бир бир бир
2 эки эки эки
3 юч уьч уьш
4 тёрт дёрт доьрт
5 беш беш бес
6 алты алты алты
7 джети етти йети
8 сегиз сегиз сегиз
9 тогъуз тогъуз тогыз
10 он он он

Loanwords

Loanwords from Ossetian, Kabardian, Arabic, and Persian are fairly numerous.[3]

Bibliography

References

  1. ↑ Row 102 in Приложение 6: Население Российской Федерации по владению языками [Appendix 6: Population of the Russian Federation by languages used] (XLS) (in Russian). Федеральная служба государственной статистики [Federal State Statistics Service].
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Karachay-Balkar". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. 1 2 George L. Campbell and Gareth King (2013). Compendium of the World Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-1362-5846-6. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
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