Kalabagh Dam

Kalabagh Dam
کالا باغ ڈيم
Location of Kalabagh Dam
کالا باغ ڈيم in Pakistan
Country Pakistan
Location Kalabagh, Mianwali District
Coordinates 32°57′23″N 071°36′49″E / 32.95639°N 71.61361°E / 32.95639; 71.61361Coordinates: 32°57′23″N 071°36′49″E / 32.95639°N 71.61361°E / 32.95639; 71.61361
Status Proposed
Dam and spillways
Type of dam Earthfill dam (zoned fill embankment with clay core)
Impounds Indus River
Height 79 m (259 ft)
Length 3,350 m (10,991 ft)
Reservoir
Active capacity 7.52 km3 (6,100,000 acre·ft)
Inactive capacity 9.7 km3 (7,900,000 acre·ft)
Catchment area 110,500 sq mi (286,000 km2)
Power station
Hydraulic head 170 ft (52 m)
Turbines 12 x 300 MW
Installed capacity 3,600 MW (max. planned)
Annual generation 11,400 GWh

The Kalabagh Dam (Urdu: کالا باغ ڈيم‎), is a proposed hydroelectric dam on the Indus River at Kalabagh in the Mianwali District of Punjab Province in Pakistan. Intensely debated, if constructed the dam would have 3,600 megawatts (4,800,000 hp) of electricity generation capacity.[1]

History

In December 2004, then President of Pakistan General Pervez Musharraf, announced that he would build the dam to serve the larger interest of Pakistan. However, on 26 May 2008, the Federal Minister for Water and Power of Pakistan, Raja Pervez Ashraf, said that the "Kalabagh Dam would not be constructed" and that the project had been cancelled due to "opposition from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh and other stakeholders, the project was no longer feasible".[2] In 2010 after the worst floods in Pakistani history, the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Yousaf Raza Gilani, stated flood damage would be minimised if the Kalabagh Dam were built.[3]

Technical facts Supporting Construction of Kalabagh Dam

Bashir A. Malik, former chief technical advisor to the United Nations and World Bank, said, "Sindh and Pakhtunkhwah would become drought areas in the years to come if Kalabagh Dam was not built."[4] At the same time, former KP Chief Minister Shamsul Mulk has stated that the "Kalabagh Dam would be helpful in erasing poverty from Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, as it would irrigate 800,000 acres of cultivable land that is located 100–150 feet above the level of River Indus."[5] The Kalabagh Dam would provide 6.5 million acre feet of water to cultivate seven million acres of currently barren land in addition to the 3,600 megawatts (4,800,000 hp) of electricity it would provide.[6] In response to the push towards side-lining Kalabagh altogether in favour of the rival Basha Dam project, Engineer Anwer Khurshid stated that "Basha Dam is no substitute for Kalabagh Dam, not because of its altitude, which is high enough, but because no irrigation canals can be taken out from it because of the hilly terrain."[7] [8]

Experts who supported the construction of the Kalabagh Dam at the 2012 "Save Water Save Pakistan" Forum included: Dr Salman Shah, former Finance Minister of Pakistan; Abdul Majeed Khan, TECH Society president; Shafqat Masood, former IRSA chairman; Qayyum Nizami, former Minister of State; Prof Abdul Qayyum Qureshi, former Vice-Chancellor of Islamia University, Bahawalpur; Dr Muhammad Sadiq, agricultural scientist; M Saeed Khan, former GM of Kalabagh Dam Project; Engr. Mahmudur Rehman Chughtai, Mansoor Ahmed, former MD of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Foundation, M. Zubair Sheikh and Jameel Gishkori, among others.[9] The participants of Save Water Save Pakistan demanded the construction of five dams, including the Munda Dam, Kurram Tangi Dam, Akhori Dam and the Kalabagh Dam, at by 2025 at the latest to store water and generate electricity to meet demand.

Conversely, former Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) Chief Engineer, Engr. Shahr-i-Yar Khan has claimed that construction of the Kalabagh Dam is not suitable for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and will involve significant fiscal waste when compared to the many other suitable sites for proposed dams on the Indus River. Shahr-i-Yar Khan, who has trained abroad and served in various positions at the WAPDA, highlighted various issues related to construction of the dam, stating that it would have a number of adverse effects on the generation capabilities of the Barotha power complex.

Conflict and Debate

Pakistan Economy Watch suggested the government to make consensus and start a debate on the KBD issue. [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] A Feaseability report is also published in the research gate . [15]

In favour

An independent panel convened by the World Bank in the late 1980s supported the recommendations of the Project Planning Report. The Pakistan & Gulf Economist reported in 2003 that "One of the major reason for the insistence to build a storage dam at Kalabagh is that it is the only option ready for immediate implementation supported by number of surveys and feasibility studies costing billions of rupees." [16]

Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) chief Altaf Hussain also conditionally supported the Kalabagh dam and said that government should address the reservations of Sindhis before its construction. [17] [18] [19][20]

Controversy and opposition

Kalabagh dam is condemned by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa [21] [22] [23] and Sindh . [24] [25] The Government time to time tries to make consensus on the issue . [26] The leader of Opposition in the National Assembly Syed Khurshid Ahmed Shah showed objection on the site of Kalabagh Dam and said its a threat to small provinces. [27] The Chief Minister of KPK Pervez Khattak said that the KBD is against the interests of KP. [28] Awami National Party has opposed the construction and site of KBD. [29]

Sustainable Development Policy Institute, an NGO, published a case study on Kalabagh dam in 1999, mainly arguing against the environmental and displacement impact of building large dams.[30]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Development: Engineering design of Kalabagh dam completed". The Express Tribune. APP. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
  2. ↑ Kalabagh Dam shelved forever. Nation.com.pk (27 May 2008). Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  3. ↑ Leading News Resource of Pakistan. Daily Times (10 August 2010). Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  4. ↑ Malik, Bashir (10 October 2011). "India behind Kalabagh Dam opposition: water expert" Check |url= value (help). The News International. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  5. ↑ Mulk, Shamsul (22 May 2012). "Need for early construction of Kalabagh Dam stressed". The News International. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  6. ↑ "Need for Kalabagh Dam". The Nation. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  7. ↑ ANWER, KHURSHID (1 July 2012). "CCI approves Kalabagh Dam". The Nation. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  8. ↑ http://fact.com.pk/archives/janur06/kalabagh.htm
  9. ↑ "Experts for construction of dams". The News International. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  10. ↑ http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2014/12/08/city/islamabad/pew-demands-national-debate-on-kalabagh-dam/
  11. ↑ http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/tag/kalabagh-dam/
  12. ↑ Mariam Khan (30 November 2014). "Kalabagh Dam - A Pivotal Need for Pakistan?". HuffPost. TheHuffingtonPost Inc. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  13. ↑ https://library.ecc-platform.org/conflicts/kalabagh-dam-pakistan
  14. ↑ http://spearheadresearch.org/index.php/researchopinions/understanding-the-kalabagh-dam
  15. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287088604_Feasibility_study_of_Kalabagh_dam_Pakistan
  16. ↑ http://www.pakistaneconomist.com/issue2003/issue40/i&e3.php
  17. ↑ "MQM’s up for Kalabagh Dam! Are you?". Pakistan Today. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  18. ↑ http://eprints.hec.gov.pk/2040/1/1959.htm
  19. ↑ "Construction of Kala Bagh Dam is the need of hour: Altaf Hussain". The News Tribe © Copyright 2016, All Rights Reserved. 24 June 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  20. ↑ http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/csas/PDF/1_V28_1_2013.pdf
  21. ↑ http://www.dawn.com/news/1213447
  22. ↑ http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/12/10/national/kp-assembly-likely-to-pass-anti-kbd-resolution-sans-hiccups/
  23. ↑ http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/12/11/national/dead-kbd-horse-cannot-be-given-life-says-kp-minister/
  24. ↑ http://members.shaw.ca/saveindus/Save_Indus/WSI_Condemns.html
  25. ↑ http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/12/08/national/sindh-assembly-rejects-lhcs-kalabagh-dam-ruling/
  26. ↑ http://tribune.com.pk/story/926032/controversial-topic-all-parties-urged-to-agree-on-kalabagh-dam/
  27. ↑ INP (14 October 2015). "Kalabagh Dam a threat to small provinces, says Khurshid Shah". Pakistan Today. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  28. ↑ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/19-Dec-2015/khattak-says-kalabagh-dam-against-kp-interest
  29. ↑ http://awaminationalparty.org/main/?page_id=4965
  30. ↑ https://www.sdpi.org/publications/files/W48-The%20Case%20Against%20Kalabagh%20Dam.pdf
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