Kadınefendi
Kadınefendi (also Kadın efendi, Ottoman Turkish: قادين افندی) was the title given to the imperial consort of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire after the 17th century, and is translated as kraliçe in Turkish and "lady" in English.[1][2][3] The Sultan could have up to four and some times five and eight women[4] i.e. consort with the imperial rank of Kadınefendi and unlimited number of Ikbals i.e. consort with the rank of Hanımefendi. The title was a replacement of the early titles, Hatun and Sultan (including Haseki Sultan).[5] When the Ottoman Empire was abolished on 1 November 1922 and Abdülmecid II proclaimed himself as caliph, his consorts kept the title kadınefendi.
Ranks and styles
The women were ranked and styled as:[6][7]
- Başkadın, Başkadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Başkadınefendi Hazretleri — chief lady;
- İkinci Kadın, İkinci Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) İkinci Kadınefendi Hazretleri — second lady;
- Üçüncü Kadın, Üçüncü Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Üçüncü Kadınefendi Hazretleri — third lady;
- Dördüncü Kadın, Dördüncü Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Dördüncü Kadınefendi Hazretleri — fourth lady;
- Beşinci Kadın, Beşinci Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Beşinci Kadınefendi Hazretleri — fifth lady;
- Altıncı Kadın, Altıncı Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Altıncı Kadınefendi Hazretleri — sixth lady;
- Yedinci Kadın, Yedinci Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Yedinci Kadınefendi Hazretleri — seventh lady;
- Sekizinci Kadın, Sekizinci Kadınefendi or Devletlu İsmetlu (given name) Sekizinci Kadınefendi Hazretleri — eighth lady.
List of Başkadın
List of chief ladies (başkadın) of the Ottoman sultans.
| Name | Maiden Name and Origin | Became Başkadın | Ceased to be Başkadın | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emetullah Banu | 1703 | 20 September 1730 husband's abdication |
1732 | Ahmed III | |
| Hace Alicenab | 20 September 1730 husband's ascension |
13 December 1754 husband's death |
1775 | Mahmud I | |
| Leyla | 13 December 1754 husband's ascension |
30 October 1757 husband's death |
1794 | Osman III | |
| Aynülhayat | 30 October 1757 husband's ascension |
21 July 1764 | Mustafa III | ||
| Mihrişah | Agnes. Georgian | 21 July 1764 fellow consort's death |
21 January 1774 husband's death |
16 October 1805 | |
| Ayşe | 21 January 1774 husband's ascension |
1775 | Abdul Hamid I | ||
| Hümaşah | 1775 fellow consort's death |
1778 | |||
| Haciye Hatice Ruhşah | 1778 fellow consort's death |
7 April 1789 husband's death |
1807 | ||
| Nâfîze | 7 April 1789 husband's ascension |
30 May 1792 | Selim III | ||
| Hüsnimah | 30 May 1792 fellow consort's death |
29 May 1807 husband's deposition |
1814 | ||
| Şevrinur | 29 May 1807 husband's ascension |
28 July 1808 husband's deposition |
1812 | Mustafa IV | |
| Fatma | 28 July 1808 husband's ascension |
February 1809 | Mahmud II | ||
| Alicenab | February 1809 fellow consort's death |
1839 | |||
| Haciye Pertevpiyale Nevifidan | 1839 fellow consort's death |
1 July 1839 husband's death |
25 December 1855 | ||
| Servetsezâ | Daughter of Mansur of Temruko | 2 July 1839 husband's ascension |
25 June 1861 husband's death |
22 September 1879 | Abdülmecid I |
| Dürrünev | Melek Dziapş-İpa. Abkhaz-Georgian family. Daughter of Mahmud Bey Dziapş-lpa |
25 June 1861 husband's ascension |
30 May 1876 husband's deposition |
4 December 1895 | Abdülaziz |
| Eleru | Mevhibe Tarkanişvili. Daughter of a Georgian noble, Ahmed Bey Tarkanişvili |
30 May 1876 husband's ascension |
31 August 1876 husband's deposition |
21 February 1936 | Murad V |
| Nazikedâ نازک ادا |
Abkhazian princely family Tsanba. Daughter of Arzakan Bey Tsanba and Esma Hanım Klıç |
3 August 1876 husband's ascension |
11 April 1895 | Abdul Hamid II | |
| Bedrifelek بدر فلك |
Karzeg dynasty. Daughter of Mehmed Bey Karzeg and Faruhan Hanım İnal-lpa |
11 April 1895 husband's ascension |
21 January 1909 husband's deposition |
6 February 1930 | |
| Kamures | Ubykh Bey | 27 April 1909 husband's ascension |
3 July 1918 husband's deposition |
30 April 1921 | Mehmed V |
| Emine Nazikeda نازك ادا |
Emine Marshan. Member of Abkhazian-Georgian princely family Marshania. Daughter of Hassan Bey Marshania (1836-1877) and Fatma Horecan Hanım Aredba |
3 July 1918 husband's ascension |
1 November 1922 husband's deposition and empire abolished |
4 April 1941 | Mehmed VI |
| Şehsuvar | Ubykh clan of Circassia | 19 November 1922 husband's proclaimed as caliph |
3 March 1924 husband's deposition and caliphate abolished |
1945 | Abdülmecid II |
See also
References
- ↑ Kadın efendiler: 1839-1924, by Harun Açba
- ↑ Öztuna, Yilmaz, "Deletler ve Hanedanler", Vol: 2, Ministry of Culture Publications, London (1996), s.924
- ↑ Saray hatıralarım, by Safiye Ünüvar
- ↑ Fanny Davis (1986). The Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-24811-5.
- ↑ Kadın efendiler: 1839-1924
- ↑ The Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem. University of Texas Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-292-78335-5.
- ↑ "Turkey: The Imperial House of Osman". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on May 2, 2006. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
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