KAI Commuter Jabodetabek

PT KAI Commuter Jabodetabek
Overview
Owner PT Kereta Api Indonesia
Locale Jabodetabek (Jakarta Metropolitan Area)
Transit type Commuter rail
Number of lines 6
Number of stations 80 (4 inactive)
Daily ridership 950.000 (2017)[1]
1.014.631 (peak, May 2017)[2]
Annual ridership 280 million (2016)[3]
Website http://www.krl.co.id/
Operation
Began operation April 6, 1925 (as Dutch Colonial Railways or Staats Spoorwegen);
2000 (under PT Kereta Api, as "Jabotabek Division");
September 15, 2008 (under PT KCJ and current branding)
Operator(s) PT KAI Commuter Jabodetabek (KCJ)
Train length 4, 8, 10 or 12 cars per trainset
Headway 5 - 10 minute(s)
Technical
System length 235 km (146 mi)
Track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Electrification 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Top speed 90 km/h (55 mph)
System map

PT KAI Commuter Jabodetabek, commonly known as Commuterline or KRL (Kereta Rel Listrik, Electric Multiple Unit) is a commuter rail system in the Jakarta metropolitan area, Indonesia. KA Commuter Jabodetabek is operated by PT KAI Commuter Jabodetabek (KCJ), a subsidiary of PT Kereta Api Indonesia, Indonesian national railway company. The infrastructure are owned by Kereta Api Indonesia, hence some of the stations and lines are shared with intercity trains.

Jabodetabek refers to Jakarta metropolitan area, widely known as Jabodetabek. Jabodetabek itself is formed by combining the first syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, (Greater) Tangerang and Bekasi, which also represent KA Commuter's operational area. The current rolling stock are composed by used Japanese trains from Tokyo Metro, Toei Subway, Japan Railways and Tokyu, with some local-produced trains from Industri Kereta Api (INKA).

History

Colonial era

In 1917, a plan to introduce electrified railway in Batavia was made by Staatspoorwegen (SS), Dutch colonial railways company. The railway between Tanjung Priok to Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) was the first line to be electrified. The construction began in 1923 and completed on 24 December 1924. The line was opened on 6 April 1925—in time for the SS 50th anniversary—with 3000-series locomotives from SLM–BBC (Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works - Brown Boveri & Cie), 3100-series electric locomotives from AEG Germany, 3200-series locomotives from Werkspoor Netherlands and passenger coaches from Westinghouse and General Electric.[4]

The electrification project continued and on 1 May 1927, all rail lines that surrounds Batavia has been fully electrified. Batavia Zuid station (now Jakarta Kota), closed temporarily in 1926, was reopened on 8 October 1929. The last part of the electrification project, Batavia Zuid - Buitenzorg, was completed in 1930.[5] After independence in 1945, the railway operation was taken over by DKA (Djawatan Kereta Api Repoeblik Indonesia/ Indonesian Railways Bureau, now PT Kereta Api).

Decline and revival

Transportation in Djakarta was at its lowest point during the 1960s. Tramways in Jakarta were closed in 1960 and on November 1966, railway traffic on Manggarai – Jakarta Kota was restricted. The electric train services were closed in late 1965.[6]

Electric service was revived in 1972. On 16 May 1972, PNKA (Perusahaan Nasional Kereta Api, successor of DKA) ordered 10 new sets of electric multiple units from Japan. The new trains, built by Nippon Sharyo, arrived in 1976 and replaced the old locomotives and coaches. Sets consisted of four cars each, with capacity of 134 passengers per car. Those new trains (commonly known as KRL Rheostatik) will continue serving the passengers in Jakarta for the next 37 years.[6] PNKA (later PJKA and Perumka) continued exporting trains from Japan, South Korea and Netherlands until the late 1990s.

In May 2000 the government of Japan via JICA and Tokyo Metropolitan Government donated 72 units of used Toei 6000 trains, formerly operating on Toei Mita Line. These were the first air-conditioned electric train in Indonesia. The new trains were operated on 25 August 2000 for express services.[7]

Commuterline era

The current form of electric train service in Jakarta was begun in 2008. Jabodetabek Division, a sub-unit of Kereta Api Indonesia that handles commuter service around Jabodetabek, spun-off to form KAI Commuterline Jabodetabek (KCJ). Ticket revenues, rolling stock maintenance, and station management was transferred to the newly-formed subsidiary, but all operational matters (e.g scheduling and dispatching), rolling stock, stations and infrastructures remained under KAI's responsibility.

The modernization of the commuter railway system, however, did not begin until 2011. In 2011, the number of lines are greatly reduced from 37 point-to-point routes to six integrated lines (known as Loop line system'), express services are removed, and the service are simplified into two service classes: economy class (cheaper service without air conditioning, subsidized by Ministry of Transportation) and Commuter class (more expensive service with air conditioning), both stops at every station. On July 25, 2013, the economy class discontinued, leaving the Commuter class as the sole service class throughout the network.[8]

Due to extreme crowding, unruly passengers (colloquially called Atappers) had been riding on top of the trains en masse, but that has since been brought under control with physical barriers. In July 2013, the operator introduced the Commet (Commuter Electronic Ticketing) system replacing the old paper ticket system and changing the old fare system into 'progressive fare' system, as well as modernization of all 80 serving stations.

Commuterline rolling stock ex Tokyo Metro Tozai Line 05 series and Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line 6000 series sets, with typical red and yellow livery.

Starting on April 1, 2015, the number of trips per day increased to 872, dominated by Bogor/Depok route and Bekasi route with 391 trips and 153 trips per day, respectively. Headway of Bogor route is 5 minutes, while Bekasi route is still 12 minutes.[9]

In July 2015, KA Commuter Jabodetabek served more than 850,000 passengers per day, which is almost triple the 2011 figures, but still less than 3.5% of all Jabodetabek commutes.[10] The number is targeted to reach 1.2 million passengers per day by 2019.[11]

An expansion projects is currently underway. Blue Line (Jakarta Kota - Bekasi) is being extended to Cikarang and four new stations will be built. The project will electrify the existing regular rail tracks and targeted to be operational before 2019.[12]

In addition to new stations in Blue Line extension, three other stations will be reactivated: one station on Pink Line (Ancol) and two stations on Yellow Line (Pondok Rajeg and Gunung Putri).[13] The Ancol station was reactivated on 25 June 2016.[14]

Service routes

The modernization project in 2011 introduced 6 integrated commuter lines and 8 services which serve Greater Jakarta. The number of services has increased to 11 by 2017.

The network route map is recognized by color code and destination of final station.

Lines Services No. of stations Length Operated
Jakarta - Bogor Jakarta Kota to Depok 20†33.3 km (20.7 mi) 1930
Jakarta Kota to Bogor 24† 54.8 km (34.1 mi) 1930
Jatinegara-Bogor (Jakarta Loopline) Jatinegara to Depok 2647.2 km (29.3 mi) 1987
Jatinegara to Bogor 30 69.4 km (43.1 mi) 1987
Duri to Nambo 20 50.8 km (31.6 mi) 2015
Tanah Abang - Rangkasbitung Tanah Abang to Serpong 8 55.6 km (34.5 mi) 1992
Tanah Abang to Parung Panjang 11 24.3 km (15.1 mi) 2009
Tanah Abang to Maja 17 55.6 km (34.5 mi) 2013
Tanah Abang to Rangkasbitung 19 72.8 km (45.2 mi) 2017
Jakarta - Bekasi Jakarta Kota to Bekasi via Manggarai 18† 27.4 km (17.0 mi) 1992
Jakarta Kota to Bekasi via Pasar Senen 15 26.5 km (16.5 mi) 2017
Duri - Tangerang Duri to Tangerang 11 19.2 km (11.9 mi) 1997
Tanjung Priok Line Jakarta Kota to Tanjung Priok 4 15.4 km (9.6 mi) 2015
† excluding Gambir station, not serving Commuterline trains

Stations

List of stations

Bold: Terminus or transit stations

Italic: Closed for Commuterline, open for intercity trains

Strikethrough: Closed for all services

Jakarta Kota - Bogor Line Jakarta Kota - Bekasi Line Tanah Abang - Rangkasbitung Line Duri - Tangerang Line Jakarta Kota - Tanjung Priok Line

† Some trains starts and terminates here

† Some trains start and terminate there

^ One early morning train (KA 1903) terminates there instead of Tanah Abang and one morning train (KA 1919) starts there instead of Serpong, Parungpanjang or Maja
Jatinegara - Bogor/ Nambo Line

† Some trains starts and terminates here

^ For northbound (to Depok/ Bogor) trains only; southbound (to Jatinegara) trains does not stop there.

  • Pondok Rajeg
  • Cibinong
  • Gunung Putri
  • Nambo

List of major stations

Below are the list of main and terminus stations, some of them also servicing intercity train lines.

Station Lines Establishment Intercity/Local station Type
Jakarta Kota 1926 Yes Commuter Terminus and Transit, and Local Terminus.
Gambir 1884 Yes Intercity Terminusa
Manggarai 1918 YesCommuter main transit
Jatinegara 1910YesCommuter terminus, transit and East Westbound Intercity stopb
Tanah Abang 1910YesCommuter terminus and transit, West Intercity Terminus
Duri YesCommuter terminus and transit, Local stopc
Kampung Bandan NoCommuter transit
Pasar Senen 1925YesIntercity terminus, Westbound Local stop and Northbound Commuter stop d
Bogor 1881YesCommuter and South Local terminus (bogor Paledang station)b
Bekasi YesCommuter terminus, East Suburban transit and East Intercity transit (night-time only)
^a Currently, Gambir Station doesn't serve as commuter stop, because of busy intercity train services in Gambir. Passengers who travel to areas near Merdeka Square, can depart in neighboring Gondangdia or Juanda station.
^b South Local trains (operated by PTKA, serving trips from Bogor to Sukabumi/Cianjur.) starts and ends from Bogor Paledang, within walking distance from Bogor station.
^c Duri Station is planned to be the transit for Airport Commuter Train, which will be under construction in 2014.
^d Pasar Senen station only serve the Jatinegara - Depok/Bogor commuter service, while the Bogor/Depok - Jatinegara service doesn't stop here.

Ticketing and fares

(in IDR)
First 25 kilometers 3,000
Every next 10 kilometers 1,000
Ticket deposit 10,000 (refundable)
Accepted cards COMMET
BCA Flazz
Mandiri e-money
BNI TAPCASH
BRIZZI
Multi trip (black) and single-trip (white) ticket of KA Commuter Jabodetabek

Passengers may purchase ticket for single or multiple journeys. Single-journey cards (Tiket Harian Berjaminan/THB) may be purchased at any ticket counters or C-VIM vending machines, available in some stations. A Rp 10,000 deposit will be levied on top of the fare to be paid. Passengers may recharge the card for the next trip, or refund the deposit at the ticket counter or vending machines in any Commuterline stations. However, if the card is not used or recharged for seven days, the card will expire and the cannot be refunded.

Passengers may also purchase a ticket for multiple journeys (Kartu Multi-trip/KMT). KMT is priced at Rp 50,000 (including Rp 30,000 credit).[15] The card has no expiry date and can be used with a minimum credit of Rp 11,000, based on the highest available fare in the system. The card may be topped up at the ticket counters or vending machines.

In addition to KCJ-issued cards, passengers may also purchase bank-issued cards. Unlike KCJ-issued cards which may only be used for train fares and station's park-and-ride facilities, these cards may also be used for goods and services payments at selected merchants, gas stations, TransJakarta BRT, selected parking facilities, and toll road payments. Currently Commuterline accepts Mandiri e-Money,[16] BRIZZI,[16] BNI TapCash,[16] and flazz BCA.[17]

Fares

Fare is charged by distance traveled ('progressive fare'), Rp 3,000 for the first 25 kilometers and IDR 1,000 for every the next 10 kilometers.[18] The fare is subsidized by the Ministry of Transportation. For 2016, the government allocated Rp 1.1 trillion public service obligation to Commuterline[19]

Prior to the introduction of distance-based fare, the fare is determined by number of stations passed. The first five stations passed is charged at Rp 3000 and every next three stations charged at Rp 1000. Between July and November 2013, the charges were lowered to Rp 2000 and Rp 500 respectively, after the government subsidized the fare.[20] Number of passengers increased by 30% after one week of introduction of the new fares.[21]

Rolling stock

Set 6115 operated by KRL Jabotabek in Jakarta, Indonesia, November 2011

Most of KRL Jabodetabek rolling stock are air-conditioned second-hand rail cars imported from Japan serving alongside a minority of domestically made air-conditioned cars made by Industri Kereta Api (INKA). Trains are generally formed of 6 or 8 cars, with a capacity of 80–110 passengers per car. With the arrival of the ex-Japanese JR 205 series, PT. Kereta Api Indonesia will begin operation of 10-cars-consisted trainset.

Train without air conditioning (mainly economy class) are no longer operated as KCJ (the operator) begins the single-service operation of air-conditioned for KRL Jabodetabek which means all train must be air-conditioned. One set of ex-economy class (Holec) has been retrofitted with air conditioning by INKA. Moreover, KAI (parent company of KCJ) stated that the economy class train are not feasible to use and the maintenance cost is high due to old age of train (some were made in 1976).

Toei 6000 series, began service in 2000, was the first air-conditioned train type to be scrapped in December 2015. They are replaced by a huge influx of newer secondhand 205 series trains.[22]

Since 1 January 2016, the ex-JR East 103 series were also have been retired.

Non-air-conditioned rolling stock (all retired since 2013)

Air-conditioned rolling stock

Incidents and accidents

Rolling stock

Stations

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Commuter line passengers hits 1 million".
  2. ↑ "Wow, Penumpang KRL Tembus 1 Juta Per Hari".
  3. ↑ "Sepanjang 2016, Penumpang KRL Naik 8,9 Persen".
  4. ↑ "Hikayat Jalur Kereta Api Listrik di Indonesia". CNN Indonesia. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
  5. ↑ "Sejarah Pembangunan Kereta Rel Listrik di Jakarta". Jakarta by Train. 2014-03-07. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
  6. 1 2 Media, Kompas Cyber (3 October 2016). "Putaran Roda KRL, Bonbon, hingga KfW". KOMPAS.com. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  7. ↑ Faris (17 January 2016). "Perjalanan KRL Seri 6000 Hibah eks-Toei, Setelah 15 Tahun - KAORI Nusantara". KAORI Nusantara. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  8. ↑ Syailendra. "KRL Ekonomi Non-AC Dihapus Sejak Hari Ini". Tempo.co. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  9. ↑ "Penambahan Jadwal Commuter Line dan Ancaman Kemacetan". March 27, 2015.
  10. ↑ "PT KCJ: Keterlambatan KRL Sudah di Bawah 10 Menit". July 6, 2015.
  11. ↑ Agustin Setyo Wardani (February 3, 2015). "2014, Sebanyak 200 Juta Orang Naik Kereta Jabodetabek".
  12. ↑ Liputan6.com. "Proyek 2 Rel Ganda Manggarai-Cikarang Harus Selesai 2019". liputan6.com. Retrieved 2017-04-16.
  13. ↑ "KRL Commuter Line Ditargetkan Beroperasi hingga Cikarang dan Rangkasbitung pada 2016". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). 28 December 2015.
  14. ↑ Sari, Nursita (26 June 2016). Galih, Bayu, ed. "Stasiun Ancol Masih Sepi Penumpang". Kompas (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  15. ↑ Post, The Jakarta. "Commuters welcome KCJ's cheaper train fares". TheJakartaPost.com. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  16. 1 2 3 "Naik KRL Sekarang Bisa Pakai Tiga Kartu Prabayar Bank BUMN". June 16, 2014.
  17. ↑ Administrator. "Kartu Flazz BCA Kini Dapat Digunakan Untuk Transaksi Perjalanan KRL | BERITA TERKINI". www.krl.co.id. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  18. ↑ "Mulai 1 Oktober, Tarif KRL Jabodetabek Naik". Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  19. ↑ "Pemerintah Beri Subsidi Kereta Rp 1,8 T di 2016, Rp 1,1 T Untuk KRL". detikfinance. Retrieved 2016-04-12.
  20. ↑ Post, The Jakarta. "Cheaper train fares and e-tickets at KCJ". TheJakartaPost.com. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  21. ↑ "Train commuters up by 30 percent". July 8, 2013.
  22. ↑ "都営6000、Depok電車区にてオフレール作業開始！！（11月23日～） - JABODETABEK COMMUTERS NEWS". Cocolog-nifty.com. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  23. ↑ Post, The Jakarta. "KRL collision in Jakarta caused by '€˜human error' says KAI". TheJakartaPost.com. Retrieved 4 April 2017. C1 control character in |title= at position 37 (help)
  24. ↑ "Seven people killed in accident collision of a tanker truck vs KRL - Republika Online". Republika.co.id. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  25. ↑ "KRL collision fatalities and increased tanker truck". Blogspot.my. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  26. ↑ "Mahasiswa UI tewas tertabrak KRL di Pondok Cina". WN.com. Retrieved 4 April 2017.

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