Julien-Désiré Schmaltz

Colonel Julien-Désiré Schmaltz or Julien Schmaltz (5 February 1771, Lorient-1826) was a French colonial administrator and governor of Senegal from 1816 to 1820.

He was married to Reine Marais, born in Lorient, daughter of Julien-Michel and Michelle-Reine Fauvel, with whom he had a daughter, Eliza Schmaltz, born in Port Louis in Mauritius April 3, 1798, died 13 September 1868 in Paris 8th (death certificate No. 1333). Eliza was single.

On 17 June 1816, Schmaltz departed for Saint-Louis, Senegal aboard the frigate Méduse to take up his position as Governor of Senegal, which would be handed over by the British on their arrival, under the command of Thomas Brereton. The ship ran aground on sand banks 50 kilometres from the Senegalese shore, partly because of Schmaltz's impatience and partly because of the incompetence of the captain and navigator. The tragedy that ensued after it was decided to set 146 of the 400 passengers on a hastily built raft was immortalized in Géricault's painting The Raft of the Medusa. Schmaltz made it ashore in a lifeboat.

On 8 May 1819 Schmaltz signed the Treaty of Ndiaw with the Brak of Waalo, which resulted in the creation of a series of commercial posts along the Sénégal River(Bakel, 1820 ; Dagana, 1821 ; Merinaghen, 1822 ; Lampsar, 1843 ; Sénoudébou, 1845). This resulted in some conflict with local chieftains.

He initiated a far-reaching project of agricultural colonization in the region of Waalo, which gradually failed after he left office and was abandoned in 1831.

Movie

In the 1998 movie Le Radeau de la Méduse, the Schmaltz family was played by Philippe Laudenbach (Julien Schmaltz), Claude Jade (Reine Schmaltz) and Stéphanie Lanoux (Eliza Schmaltz).

References

(in French) G. G. Beslier, Le lieutenant-gouverneur Schmaltz, in Le Sénégal, Paris, Payot, 1935, p. 96-97
(in French) Mamadou Diouf, Le gouverneur Schmaltz et les débuts de la colonisation agricole in Le Kajoor au XIX^e siècle. Pouvoir Ceddo et conquête coloniale, Karthala, 1990, p. 123-128
(in French) Pierre Gentil, Les troupes du Sénégal de 1816 à 1890. Tome 1. Soldats au Sénégal : Du colonel Schmaltz au général Faidherbe (1816–1865), Dakar-Abidjan, Les Nouvelles éditions africaines, 1978, p. 187
(in French) Michel Hanniet, Le Naufrage de "La Méduse", paroles de rescapés, éditions L'Ancre de Marine, 2006, 495 p. ISBN 2-84141-210-5
(in French) Léonce Jore, La vie diverse et volontaire du colonel Julien Désiré Schmaltz, in Revue d’histoire des colonies, t. XL, n° 139, 1953, p. 265-312
(in French) Mahamadou Maïga, Le plan de Julien Schmaltz (1802–1820), in Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal. De la traite négrière au développement, Paris, L’Harmattan, 1995, p. 33 ISBN 2-7384-3093-7
(in French) Walter Reichold, Les origines du colonel Schmaltz 1771-1827 , Revue française d’histoire d’outre-mer, t. LXII, n° 228, 1975, p. 505.

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