John Boswell

John Eastburn Boswell
Born (1947-03-20)March 20, 1947
Boston
Died December 24, 1994(1994-12-24) (aged 47)
New Haven
Occupation Historian, writer, educator
Alma mater College of William & Mary
Subject History, homosexuality, religion

John Eastburn Boswell (March 20, 1947 – December 24, 1994) was a prominent historian and a full professor at Yale University. Many of Boswell's studies focused on the issue of religion and homosexuality, specifically Christianity and homosexuality. All of his work focused on the history of those at the margins of society.

His first book, The Royal Treasure: Muslim Communities Under the Crown of Aragon in the Fourteenth Century, appeared in 1977. In 1994, Boswell's fourth book, Same-Sex Unions in Pre-Modern Europe, was published, but he died that same year from AIDS-related complications.

Biography

Early life

Boswell was born in Boston, Massachusetts the son of Colonel Henry Boswell, Jr. and Catharine Eastburn Boswell. He earned his A.B. at the College of William & Mary,[1] and his PhD at Harvard University before being hired to teach at Yale University.

Career

A medieval philologist, Boswell read or spoke seventeen languages, including Catalan, German, French, Old Church Slavonic, Ancient Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Akkadian, Armenian and Latin.[2] Boswell received his doctorate 1975 and joined the Yale University history faculty, where his colleagues included John Morton Blum, David Brion Davis, Jaroslav Pelikan, Peter Gay, Hanna Holborn Gray, Michael Howard, Donald Kagan, Howard R. Lamar, Jonathan Spence, and Robin Winks. Boswell was made full professor in 1982, and A. Whitney Griswold Professor of History in 1990.[1]

Books
The Royal Treasure (1977) is a detailed historical study of the Mudéjar Muslims in Aragon in the 14th century.

Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality (1980) is a work which, according to Chauncey et al. (1989), "offered a revolutionary interpretation of the Western tradition, arguing that the Roman Catholic Church had not condemned gay people throughout its history, but rather, at least until the twelfth century, had alternately evinced no special concern about homosexuality or actually celebrated love between men." The book won a National Book Award[3][lower-alpha 1] and the Stonewall Book Award in 1981, but Boswell's thesis was criticized by Warren Johansson, Wayne R. Dynes and John Lauritsen, who believed that he had attempted to whitewash the historic crimes of the Christian Church against gay men.[4]

The Kindness of Strangers: Child Abandonment in Western Europe from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance (1988) is a scholarly study of the widespread practice of abandoning unwanted children and the means by which society tries to care for them. The title, as Boswell states in the Introduction, is inspired by a puzzling phrase Boswell had found in a number of documents: aliena misericordia, which might at first seem to mean "a strange kindness", is better translated "the kindness of strangers."

The Marriage of Likeness: Same-Sex Unions in Pre-Modern Europe (New York: Villard, 1994) argues that the adelphopoiia liturgy was evidence that the attitude of the Christian church towards homosexuality has changed over time, and that early Christians did on occasion accept same-sex relationships.[5]

Rites of so-called "same-sex union" (Boswell's proposed translation) occur in ancient prayer-books of both the western and eastern churches. They are rites of adelphopoiesis, literally Greek for the making of brothers. Boswell, stated that these should be regarded as sexual unions similar to marriages. Boswell made many detailed translations of these rites in Same-Sex Unions, and stated that one mass gay wedding occurred only a couple of centuries ago in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran, the cathedral seat of the Pope as Bishop of Rome. This is a highly controversial point of Boswell's text, as other scholars have dissenting views of this interpretation, and believe that they were instead rites of becoming adopted brothers, or "blood brothers."[6][7][8] Boswell pointed out such evidence as an icon of two saints, Sergius and Bacchus (at St. Catherine's on Mount Sinai), and drawings, such as one he interprets as depicting the wedding feast of Emperor Basil I to his "partner", John. Boswell sees Jesus as fulfilling the role of the "pronubus" or in modern parallel, best man.

Boswell's methodology and conclusions have been disputed by many historians.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] James Brundage, professor of history and law at the University of Kansas, observed that "the mainstream reaction was that he raised some interesting questions, but hadn't proved his case."[1]

Irish historian and journalist Jim Duffy, praised Boswell's work in his "Rite and Reason" column in the The Irish Times.[16]

Faith and sexuality

Boswell was a Roman Catholic, having converted from the Episcopal Church of his upbringing at age 15. He remained a daily-mass Catholic up until his death, despite differences with the church over sexual issues. Although he was orthodox in most of his beliefs, he strongly disagreed with his church's stated opposition to homosexual behavior and relationships. He was partnered with Jerone Hart for some twenty years until his death. Hart and Boswell are buried together at Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven, Connecticut.[17][18]

In "Revolutions, Universals, and Sexual Categories", Boswell compares the constructionist–essentialist positions to the realist–nominalist dichotomy. He also lists three types of sexual taxonomies:

Death

Boswell died of complications from AIDS in the Yale infirmary[19] in New Haven, Connecticut, on December 24, 1994, at age 47.

Legacy

Works

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 This was the 1981 award for hardcover History
    From 1980 to 1983 in National Book Award history there were dual hardcover and paperback awards in most categories, and several nonfiction subcategories including General Nonfiction. Most of the paperback award-winners were reprints, including the 1981 History.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Dunlap, David E (25 December 1994). "John E. Boswell, 47, Historian Of Medieval Gay Culture, Dies". New York Times.
  2. ↑ Jane Kamensky, 'Fighting (over) words', in Richard Wightman Fox, Robert B. Westbrook (eds.) In Face of the Facts: Moral Inquiry in American Scholarship, Cambridge University Press, (1998) 2002 p.120.
  3. 1 2 "National Book Awards – 1981". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
  4. ↑ Homosexuality, Intolerance, and Christianity: A Critical Examination of John Boswell's Work
  5. ↑ "People with a History: An Online Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans* History". Fordham University, 1997.
  6. ↑ "The Life of St. Theodore of Sykeon (7th Century)". Fordham University. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  7. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 9, 2006. Retrieved May 9, 2006.
  8. ↑ Halsall, Paul (December 17, 1995). "Reviewing Boswell ". Fordham University.
  9. ↑ Woods, David (2000). "The Origin of the Cult of SS. Sergius and Bacchus". From "The Military Martyrs". University College Cork. Retrieved June 25, 2009.
  10. ↑ Young, Robin Darling (November 1994). "Gay Marriage: Reimagining Church History". First Things. 47: 43–48. Retrieved June 25, 2009.
  11. ↑ Shaw, Brent (July 1994). "A Groom of One's Own?". The New Republic: 43–48. Archived from the original on May 7, 2006. Retrieved June 25, 2009.
  12. ↑ Christopher Walter, review of Elizabeth Key-Fowden, The Barbarian Plain: Saint Sergius between Rome and Iran in Revue des études byzantines, 59-60:p. 279
  13. ↑ Albrecht Classet, Marilyn Sandidge, Friendship in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age, p. 209
  14. ↑ Fowden, Elizabeth Key (1999). The Barbarian Plain: Saint Sergius Between Rome and Iran. University of California Press. p. 9 and note. ISBN 0520216857. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  15. ↑ Jordan, Mark D. (2005). Blessing Same-Sex Unions: The Perils of Queer Romance and the Confusions of Christian Marriage. University of Chicago Press. p. 134. ISBN 0-226-41033-1. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
  16. ↑ Duffy, Jim (August 11, 1998 ). "CHRISTIANGAYS.COM: When Marriage Between Gays Was a Rite". The Irish Times (Dublin).
  17. ↑ "Known as Jeb".
  18. ↑ "Jerone Hart obituary".
  19. ↑ Dunlap, David W. (December 25, 1994). "John E. Boswell, 47, Historian Of Medieval Gay Culture, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
  20. ↑ Paglia; Boswell Reviews, The Washington Post, July 17, 1994
  21. ↑ Warren Johansson and William A. Percy, Homosexuality in the Middle Ages, "Medievalist.net", 2009.
  22. ↑ http://www.lgbthistorymonth.com/john-boswell

Sources

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