Jobaria
| Jobaria Temporal range: Middle Jurassic, 167–161 Ma | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Order: | Saurischia |
| Suborder: | †Sauropodomorpha |
| Clade: | †Sauropoda |
| Superfamily: | †Diplodocoidea |
| Genus: | †Jobaria Sereno et al., 1999 |
| Type species | |
| Jobaria tiguidensis Sereno et al., 1999 | |
Jobaria was a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in the current-day Niger during the middle Jurassic Period, between 164–161 million years ago.[1]
Etymology
The genus is named after a local mythical giant beast, Jobar, whose bones some Tuaregs believed the fossils to be. The specific name tiguidensis comes from the cliff of Tiguidi, the site of discovery.[1]
Discovery
Discovered in the fall of 1997, during a four-month expedition to the Sahara desert led by paleontologist Dr. Paul Sereno, it was found in a mass-death site in the Tiourarén Formation of Niger. With over 95% of its skeleton preserved it is among the most complete sauropods ever found.[2]
The sediments in which it was found were originally thought to represent the Hauterivian to Barremian stages of the early Cretaceous Period, dating Jobaria to approximately 132 million years ago.[1] However, re-interpretation of the sediments showed that they are more likely from the Bathonian to Oxfordian stages of the middle Jurassic in age, between 167 and 161 million years ago.[3]
Description
Jobaria was a primitive sauropod, about 18.2 metres (60 ft) long and estimated to weigh about 22.4 tonnes (24.7 short tons).[4] Its backbone and tail were simple compared to the complex vertebrae and whiplash tail of the later North America sauropods Diplodocus and Apatosaurus.
It may also have been able to rear up on its hind legs as Paul Sereno concluded, after comparing the ratios of humerus and femur circumferences in Jobaria to extant elephants.[5] The weight distribution of Jobaria indicates that it was supported by the rear limbs rather than the forelimbs (as in elephants) and is speculated that as elephants can rear up, then Jobaria would have been able to more easily.
Classification
The phylogenetic relationships of Jobaria are uncertain, it has been interpreted either as a basal macronarian,[6] or as a non-neosauropod eusauropod, basal to the neosauropod clade.
References
- 1 2 3 Sereno, P.; et al. (November 1999). "Cretaceous Sauropods from the Sahara and the Uneven Rate of Skeletal Evolution Among Dinosaurs". Science. 286 (5443): 1342–1347. PMID 10558986. doi:10.1126/science.286.5443.1342.
- ↑ Sereno, Paul. "Discoveries: Jobaria tiguidensis". Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- ↑ Rauhut; Lopez-Arbarello (2009). "Considerations on the age of the Tiouaren Formation (Iullemmeden Basin, Niger, Africa): Implications for Gondwanan Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrate faunas". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 271: 259–267. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.10.019.
- ↑ Henderson, Donald (2013). "Sauropod Necks: Are They Really for Heat Loss?". PLoS ONE. 8 (10): e77108. PMC 3812985
. PMID 24204747. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077108. - ↑ Could Sauropods Rear?
- ↑ Upchurch, P.; Barrett, P. M.; Dodson, P. (2004). "Sauropoda". The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). University of California Press.