Jino language
Jino | |
---|---|
Jinuo, Buyuan Jino, Youle Jino, 基諾語補遠方言 [1] | |
Jinuo | |
Pronunciation | [tɕy˦no˦] or [ki˦nʲo˦][2] |
Region | Sipsongpanna, Dai autonomous prefecture of southern Yunnan (People's Republic of China) |
Ethnicity | Jino |
Native speakers | 21,000 (2007)[3] |
Dialects |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
Either:jiu – Youle Jinuojiy – Buyuan Jinuo |
Glottolog |
youl1235 [4] |
Jino Language (Jinuo; also known as Buyuan, Jinuo, Buyuan Jinuo 基諾語補遠方言.)[5] autonyms: tɕy˦no˦, ki˦nʲo˦) Jino language is a pair of Loloish languages spoken by the Jino people of Yunnan. In total, there are about 28,320 Jinuo people living in China.[6] 70%-80% of jinuo people can speak Jino fluently in the world.[7] The Jino languages has two subdialects of Youle Jino and Buyuan Jinuo,[8] and they are not mutually intelligible. Buyuan Jinuo is spoken by 21,000 people[9] Most of the speakers are monolingual, which means they only speak Jino language.[5] There is no official written form. Most Jino also speak one of the Tai languages or Chinese. The iso 639-3 code for jino language is "jiu" for Youle Jino, or "jiy" for Buyuan Jino.[9] The Glottocode for Jino language is "youl1235" for Youle Jino,[10] or "buyu1238" for Buyuan Jino.[11]
Classification
Jino language is under Hani-jino, which is classified as Loloish family, which is under the sub-family of Lolo-burmese. Lolo-burmese is under the Lolo-Burmese family[9]
History
The language usage is rapidly eliminating, in the 1980s there was 70%-80% of Jinuo people used Jino language. In 2000, There was less than 50% of the population can speak Jino language.[12]
Jino was recognized by the state council on 6 June 1979 as the last recognized minority nationality in China.[12]
Historically, Jino people was organized as a matriarchal culture, and “Jino” means “descending from the uncle,” and it refers to the importance of mother’s brother in matriarchal societies.[13]
From language aspect, Jino language is similar to other languages under the branch of the Tibeto-Burman languages, because Jino people moved from the northwest of Yunnan province to the territories they are at now, but the timing and routes of this migration remain uncertain,[1]
Geographic distribution
Jinuo Township (Junuo Mountain), Located in Jinghong (景洪) City of the Sipsongpanna Dai autonomous prefecture of Yunnan province, China.[12]
Tonemes
There are five tonemes in Buyuan Jino language. Gai believes that the function of tonemes are distinguishing lexical meanings and grammatical meanings.[14]
1, [55] value tone (high level tone): it tends to exhibit vowels that are phonetically shortened
2, [44] value tone (mid level tone): lower than 55, though high
3, [31] value tone(low falling tone): low
4, [35] value tone (rising tone): rising
5, [53] value tone (high falling tone): falling from the top level
[53] value tone is considered difficult to tell when listen to native speaker [8]
Writing system
Since there is no official written form for Jino, therefore, Jino does not have a writing system, but it developed several systems of signs to cover communication in different situations.[1] They used engraved wooden or bamboo boards to record debts between villages.
References
- 1 2 3 Arcones, Pedro Ceinos (2014-04-14). China's Last but one matriarchy: The Jino of Yunnan. Pedro Ceinos.
- ↑ Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012), Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages, thesis, University of Texas at Arlington
- ↑ Youle Jinuo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Buyuan Jinuo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) - ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Jino". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- 1 2 "Did you know Buyuan Jinuo is endangered?". Endangered Languages. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
- ↑ "People Group Profiles - Asia Harvest". asiaharvest.org. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
- ↑ Moseley, Christopher (2012). "Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger". UNESCO.
- 1 2 NetCommons (2013-03-01). "神戸市外国語大学学術情報リポジトリ". Annals of foreign studies (in Japanese). 83.
- 1 2 3 "Jinuo, Buyuan". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
- ↑ "Glottolog 2.7 - Jino". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Jino". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- 1 2 3 Yuming, Li; Wei, Li (2013-03-22). The Language Situation in China. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 1614512531.
- ↑ Minahan, James B. (2014-02-10). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781610690188.
- ↑ Xingzhi, Gai. 1986. Jinoyu Jianzhi [A brief description of the Jinuo language]. Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe.