Jhalawar

Jhalawar (Rajasthan)
city
Jhalawar (Rajasthan) Location in Rajasthan, India
Coordinates: 24°35′N 76°10′E / 24.59°N 76.16°E / 24.59; 76.16Coordinates: 24°35′N 76°10′E / 24.59°N 76.16°E / 24.59; 76.16
Country	India
State	Rajasthan
District	Jhalawar
Division	Kota Division (Hadoti Region)
Named for	King Devendra Kumar Nigam (Hunny/Nimesh)
Elevation	312 m (1,024 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	66,919
Languages
• Official	Hindi
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Vehicle registration	RJ17
Website	jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in

Jhalawar is a city in southeastern Rajasthan. It was the capital of the former princely state of Jhalawar, and is the administrative headquarters of Jhalawar District. Jhalawar was once known as Brijnagar.

History

The city of Jhalawar was founded by a Rajput Jhala Zalim Singh,^[1] who was then the Dewan of Kota State (1791 A.D.). He established this township, then known as Chaoni Umedpura, as a cantonment. The township was at the time surrounded by dense forests and wildlife.

Jhala Zalim Singh often came here for hunting and he liked the place so much that he wanted to develop it as a township. The objective to develop this place as a military cantonment was due to the fact that Maratha invaders passed through this central place from Malwa towards Kota to capture Hadoti states.

Jhala Zalim Singh recognized the importance of this place and started to develop it as a military cantonment and township, so that he could use this place to attack and stop Maratha invaders before they could reach Kota state. Chaoni Umedpura was developed as a cantonment and township around 1803-04 A.D. Colonel Todd, who visited the region in December, 1821 described this area as the cantonment established by Jhala Zalim Singh plus a well-established township with large houses, havelis, and surrounding walls.

In 1838 A.D., English rulers separated Jhalawar state from Kota state and gave it to Jhala Madan Singh, the grandson of Jhala Zalim Singh. He developed his administration services to develop the state of Jhalawar. He resided in Jhalara Patan for a long time and started to build the Garh Palace (1840 - 1845 A.D). He was the first ruler of Jhalawar state and made a significant contribution in the history of Jhalawar. Jhala Madan Singh ruled Jhalawar from 1838 to 1845. After his death, Jhala Prithvi Singh became the ruler of Jhalawar, and ruled for around 30 years.

Rana Bhawani Singh Ji, who ruled Jhalawar state from 1899 to 1929 A.D., did remarkable work in the development of Jhalawar state. His active involvement was in the fields of social activities, public works (construction), education and administration.

The chief town of Jhalawar, also known as Patan or Jhalara Patan, was the centre of trade for the eponymous princely state, the chief exports of the which were opium, oil-seeds and cotton. The palace is four miles (6 km) north of the town. An extensive ruin near the town is the site of the ancient city of Chandrawati, said to have been destroyed in the reign of Aurangzeb. The finest feature of its remains is the temple of Sitaleswar Mahadeva (c. 600).

Princely State of Jhalawar

1561 - The governor of Gagraun fort surrenders the keys to Akbar.

The former ruling family of Jhalawar belonged to the Jhala family of Rajputs. At Kota Madhu Singh, a Jhala Rajput became a favorite with the Maharaja, and received from him an important post, which became hereditary. On the death of one of the Kota rajas (1771), the state was left to the charge of Jhala Zalim Singh, a descendant of Madhu Singh.

From that time Zalim Singh was the de facto ruler of Kota. Under his administration, which lasted over forty-five years, the Kota territory was respected by all parties. In 1838 AD, British intervention and internal politics resulted with the decision to dismember the Kota state, and to create the new principality of Jhalawar as a separate provision for the descendants of Jhala Zalim Singh. The districts then severed from Kota were considered to represent one-third (120,000) of the income of Kotah; by treaty they acknowledged the supremacy of the British, and agreed to pay an annual tribute of Rs.8000/-. Madan Singh received the title of Maharaja Rana, and was placed on the same footing as the other chiefs in Rajputana.

Successors for Maharana of Jhalawar State

The Jhala clan of Rajputs are still regarded as the rulers of Jhalawar state and thus maintain a large majority of their power over Jhalawar. They were entitled to a 17 gun salute by the British authorities.[3]

• 8 Apr 1838 – 1845 Sh Madan Singh (b. 1808 – d. 1845)
• 1845 – 29 Aug 1875 Sh Prithvi Singh (b. 1830 – d. 1875)
• 29 Aug 1875 – 2 Mar 1896 Sh Zalim Singh (b. 1865 – d. 1912)
• 29 Aug 1875 – 21 Feb 1884 .... -Regent
• 2 Mar 1896 – 1 Jan 1899 interregnum
• 1 Jan 1899 – 13 Apr 1929 Sh Bhawani Singh (b. 1874 – d. 1929) (from 26 Jun 1908, Sir Bhawani Singh)
• 13 Apr 1929 - 2 Sep 1943 Sh Rajendra Singh (b. 1900 – d. 1943) (from 9 Jun 1938, Sir Rajendra Singh)
• 2 Sep 1943 – 15 Aug 1947 Sh Harisch Chandra Singh (b. 1921 – d. 1967) ^[2]

Geography

Jhalawar is located at 24°36′N 76°09′E / 24.6°N 76.15°E / 24.6; 76.15.^[3] It has an average elevation of 312 metres (1023 feet).

Climate

Climate of the area is identical to the Indo-Gangatic plain. In summer the temperature generally is around 40 °C (104 °F) and at maximum can exceed 45 °C (113 °F). In winter the coldest temperature can reach 1 °C (34 °F). Jhalawar district has the highest rainfall in the Rajasthan state. An average of 35 inches (890 mm) of rainfall keeps it cool, and gentle breezes ward off the stifling humidity.

Jhalawar (95 cm) districts receive the maximum annual rain in Rajasthan.[4]

Education

Jhalawar district has a well-developed education infrastructure.^[5] The Department of Primary Education and Department of Secondary Education provide their services through primary schools, middle schools, secondary, and senior secondary schools. The Rajiv Gandhi Pathashala (School) Scheme, run by the Government of Rajasthan, is also running in the district to provide primary education.

There are eight colleges in the district, which provide higher-level education in various streams.

• Government P. G. College, Jhalawar
• Government Girls College, Jhalawar
• Government Law College Jhalawar
• Government Horticulture & Forestry College, Jhalawar
• Government Engineering College, Jhalawar
• Polytechnic College Jhalawar
• Jhalawar Medical College
• Government Birla College, Bhawani Mandi
• Government College, Chaumahla

Places to see

• Jhalawar fort (Garh Palace)
• Government Museum
• Bhawani Natyashala
• Rein Basera
• Chandrabhaga temple^[6]
• Gagron fort^[7]
• Gagron Drgah^[8]
• Jhalarapatan
• Science Park (Patan)
• Stadiaum (Jhalawar)
• Herbal garden
• Thermal power station
• Buddha Caves, kolvi
• Sun Temple

Temples

Shantinath Jain Temple

• Sun temple, Jhalrapatan : The 11th/12th-century sun temple of Jhalprapatan is situated in the centre of the town. The temple is intact and divided into a sanctum, bestibule, prayer hall, and entrance. The most significant part of the temple is its big spire. The temple is adorned with several sculptures of gods and goddesses, and floral designs both from inside and outside of the pillars of the prayer hall are beautifully carved and decorated with sculptures. The temple has entrances on three sides, and every entrance has a toran over it. The sanctum is plain and simple. The outer walls of the sanctum display the icons of Dikpalas surya, sur-sundris. Ganesh and other miniature scenes are related to the life of the people. At present the image of the god Padmnabh of the 19th century is under worship and kept in the sanctum. Some time in the 19th century the roof of the prayer hall was repaired and a few centopahs were constructed in the Rajput architectural style. The images of saints and monkeys were also installed on the roof.
• Chandkheri Jain temple, Khanpur : Chandkheri is a famous 17th Century Jain Temple constructed by Bhattaraka Jagatkeertiji. The temple is famous for its architecture. This temple is dedicated to Adinatha (Rishabhanatha) and the moolnayak of the temple is a 6.25 feet idol of Adinatha in padmasan posture made up of red stone. The idol said to be more than 1500 years old.^[9] It is said that there is an idol of bhagwan chandraprabhu made of jewels, but it is closed by a wall now.^[10] The temple also has a dharamshala equipped with all modern facilities along with a bhojanalya.^[11]
• Shri 1008 Shantinath Digambar Jain temple, Jhalrapatan : Shantinath Jain Temple was built in the 11th century. The temple is considered very beautiful with fine carvings and magnificent sculptures.^[12][13] Jain Temple is decorated with two white elephants at the entry point of the main temple.
• Rata devi mandir: distance 30 kilometres (19 mi)
• Modi Ki Jhar (Shiv temple), near Joonakhera: 3000 BC, distance 30 kilometres (19 mi)
• Khamkheda Mandir, near Aklera: distance 50 kilometres (31 mi)

Demographics

As of the 2011 India census, Jhalawar had a population of 1,411,327. Males constituted 53% of the population and females 47%. Jhalawar had an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 76%, and female literacy was 47%. In Jhalawar, 14% of the population was under 6 years of age.^[14]

Transport

Air

The nearest airport with scheduled commercial flights is Raja Bhoj Airport at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh. Kolana Airport is located near Jhalawar. It is used by chartered aircraft.

Rail

Jhalawar has a newly constructed railway station. The railway station is 2 km from Jhalawar.

Road

Jhalawar town lies on Highway No. 12. Many government buses go through the district and outside. Private buses are also available for travel.

Thermal power station

Kalisindh Thermal Power Station is 12 kilometres (7 mi) from Jhalawar town. The power plant is operated by Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam.^[15][16] Its chimney is 275 metres (902 ft) high. The two cooling towers of the facility are 202 metres (663 ft), the tallest in the world. The EPC contractor for the project is BGR Energy Systems Ltd.^[17]

References

External links

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jhalawar". Encyclopædia Britannica. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 412. 
• jhalawar.biz classified website
• Jhalawar District website
• Jhalawar guide
• Jhalawar district map (Invest Rajasthan)
• Genealogy of the chiefs of Jhalawar