Jerry Seinfeld

Jerry Seinfeld

Seinfeld in 2011
Birth name Jerome Allen Seinfeld
Born (1954-04-29) April 29, 1954
Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
Medium Stand-up, television, film
Education Massapequa High School
Alma mater State University of New York at Oswego
Queens College (BA)
Years active 1976–present
Genres Observational comedy, deadpan
Subject(s) American culture, American politics, everyday life, gender differences, human behavior, social awkwardness, current events, pop culture
Spouse Jessica Seinfeld (m. 1999)
Children 3
Signature
Website jerryseinfeld.com

Jerome Allen "Jerry" Seinfeld (born April 29, 1954)[1] is an American comedian, actor, writer, producer, and director. He is known for playing a semifictional version of himself in the sitcom Seinfeld, which he created and wrote with Larry David. Seinfeld was heavily involved in Bee Movie, in which he voiced its protagonist. In 2010, he premiered a reality series called The Marriage Ref. He directed Colin Quinn in the Broadway show Long Story Short at the Helen Hayes Theater, which ran until January 2011. He is the creator and host of the web series Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee. In his stand-up comedy career, Seinfeld is known for specializing in observational comedy, often ranting about relationships and embarrassing social situations.

In 2005, Comedy Central named Seinfeld their "12th Greatest Stand-up Comedian of All Time".[2]

Early life

Seinfeld was born in Brooklyn, New York.[3] His father, Kalman Seinfeld (1918–1985[4][5]) was of Hungarian Jewish descent, and collected jokes that he heard while serving in World War II.[3] His mother, Betty (née Hosni;[6] 1914–2014)[7][8][9] is of Syrian Jewish descent; her parents, Selim and Salha Hosni,[10] were from Aleppo.[11] Seinfeld grew up in Massapequa, New York, and attended Massapequa High School on Long Island.[12][13] At the age of 16, he spent time volunteering in Kibbutz Sa'ar in Israel.[14]

He later attended State University of New York at Oswego, transferring after his second year to Queens College, City University of New York, graduating with a degree in communications and theater.[15][16]

Career

Early career

Seinfeld developed an interest in standup comedy after brief stints in college productions.[17] In 1976, after graduation from Queens College, he tried out at an open-microphone night at New York City's Catch a Rising Star, which led to an appearance in a Rodney Dangerfield HBO special.[18] Seinfeld appeared on open mic nights at Budd Friedman's Improv Club while attending Queens College. In 1980, he had a small recurring role on the sitcom Benson, playing Frankie, a mail delivery boy who had comedy routines that no one wanted to hear. However, Seinfeld was abruptly fired from the show due to creative differences.[18] Seinfeld has said that he was not actually told he had been fired until he turned up for the read-through session for an episode, and found that there was no script for him.[19]

In May 1981, Seinfeld made a successful appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, impressing Carson and the audience and leading to frequent appearances on that show and others, including Late Night with David Letterman.[18]

Seinfeld

Seinfeld with Julia Louis-Dreyfus at the 1997 Emmy Awards

Seinfeld created The Seinfeld Chronicles with Larry David in 1988 for NBC. The show was later renamed Seinfeld to avoid confusion with the short-lived teen sitcom The Marshall Chronicles. By its fourth season, it had become the most popular and successful sitcom on American television. The final episode aired in 1998, and the show has been a popular syndicated re-run.

Along with Seinfeld, the show starred Saturday Night Live veteran Julia Louis-Dreyfus and experienced actors Michael Richards and Jason Alexander. Alexander played George, a caricature of Larry David. Seinfeld holds the distinction of being the only actor to appear in every episode of the show.[20]

Seinfeld has said that his show was influenced by the 1950s sitcom The Abbott and Costello Show. In the "Seinfeld Season 6" DVD set, commenting on the episode "The Gymnast", Seinfeld cited Jean Shepherd as an influence, saying, "He really formed my entire comedic sensibility—I learned how to do comedy from Jean Shepherd."

From 2004 to 2007, the former Seinfeld cast and crew recorded audio commentaries for episodes of the DVD releases of the show. Seinfeld himself provided commentary for multiple episodes.

Post-Seinfeld

After he ended his sitcom, Seinfeld returned to New York City to make a comeback with his stand-up comedy rather than stay in Los Angeles and continue his acting career. In 1998 he went on tour and recorded a comedy special, titled I'm Telling You for the Last Time. The process of developing and performing new material at clubs around the world was chronicled in a 2002 documentary, Comedian, which also featured fellow comic Orny Adams and was directed by Christian Charles. Seinfeld has written several books, mostly archives of past routines.

In the late 1990s, Apple Computer came up with the advertising slogan "Think different" and produced a 60-second commercial to promote the slogan. This commercial showed people who were able to "think differently", such as Albert Einstein, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and many others. It was later cut short to 30 seconds and altered such that Seinfeld was included at the end, whereas he had not been in the original cut. This shorter version of the commercial aired only once, during the series finale of Seinfeld.[21]

Seinfeld at the 1997 Emmy Awards

In 2004 Seinfeld also appeared in two commercial webisodes promoting American Express, titled The Adventures of Seinfeld & Superman.[22] In these, Seinfeld appeared with a cartoon rendering of Superman, who was referenced in numerous episodes of Seinfeld as Seinfeld's hero, voiced by Patrick Warburton (character David Puddy on Seinfeld). The webisodes were directed by Barry Levinson and aired briefly on television. Seinfeld and "Superman" were also interviewed by Matt Lauer in a specially recorded interview for the Today show.

On November 18, 2004, Seinfeld appeared at the National Museum of American History to donate the "Puffy Shirt" he wore in the famous Seinfeld episode of the same name. He also gave a speech when presenting the "Puffy Shirt", saying humorously that "This is the most embarrassing moment of my life."

On May 13, 2006, Seinfeld had a cameo appearance on Saturday Night Live as host Julia Louis-Dreyfus' assassin. Louis-Dreyfus in her opening monologue mentioned the "Seinfeld curse". While talking about how ridiculous the "curse" was, a stage light suddenly fell next to her. The camera moved to a catwalk above the stage where Seinfeld was standing, holding a large pair of bolt cutters. He angrily muttered, "Damn it!" upset that it did not hit her. Louis-Dreyfus then continued to say that she is indeed not cursed.

On February 25, 2007, Seinfeld appeared at the 79th Academy Awards as the presenter for "Best Documentary". Before announcing the nominations, he did a short stand-up comedy routine about the unspoken agreement between movie theater owners and movie patrons. ("In movie theaters now, they’re trying to get you to pick up the garbage around your seat. I’m picking nothing up. I’m the one who threw it down. How many different jobs do I have to do?”)[23]

On October 4, 2007, Seinfeld made a brief return to NBC, guest-starring as himself in the 30 Rock episode "SeinfeldVision".[24]

On February 24, 2008, at the 80th Academy Awards, Seinfeld appeared as the voice of his Bee Movie animated character Barry, presenting "Best Animated Short". Before announcing the nominees, he showed a montage of film clips featuring bees, saying that they were some of his early work (as Barry).

On June 2, 2008, amidst his spring 2008 tour, Seinfeld performed in his hometown of New York City for a one-night-only show at the Hammerstein Ballroom to benefit Stand Up for a Cure, a charity aiding lung cancer research at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

In August 2008, the Associated Press reported that Jerry Seinfeld would be the pitchman for Windows Vista, as part of a $300-million advertising campaign by Microsoft. The ads, which were intended to create buzz for Windows in support of the subsequent "I'm a PC" advertisements, began airing in mid-September 2008. They were cut from television after just three installments; Microsoft opted to continue with the "I'm a PC" advertisements[25] and run the Seinfeld ads on the Microsoft website as a series of longer advertisements.[26]

In March 2009, it was announced that Seinfeld and the entire cast of Seinfeld would be appearing for a reunion in Larry David's HBO series Curb Your Enthusiasm. The fictional reunion took place in the seventh season's finale.

Seinfeld appeared on an episode of the Starz original series Head Case. As was the case in many of his previous guest appearances on sitcoms, he played himself.

In Australia, Seinfeld appeared on a series of advertisements for the Greater Building Society, a building society based in New South Wales and southeastern Queensland.[27] His appearance in these ads was highly publicized and considered a coup for the society, being only the third time Seinfeld had appeared in a television commercial.[28] The advertisements were filmed in Cedarhurst, Long Island, with the street designed to emulate Beaumont Street in Hamilton, where the Greater's head offices are located.[29] Seinfeld also wrote the scripts for the 15 advertisements that were filmed. The ads largely aired in the Northern New South Wales television market, where the society has most of its branches.

Seinfeld was the first guest on Jay Leno's talk show, The Jay Leno Show, which premiered on September 14, 2009.

Seinfeld was featured on Saturday Night Live's Weekend Update sketch to do the "Really!?!" segment with Seth Meyers. He executive produced and occasionally starred as a panelist in The Marriage Ref. On August 30, 2010, Seinfeld made a notable surprise guest appearance on The Howard Stern Show, mending the feud the two had in the early '90s.

Seinfeld toured the U.S. in 2011 and made his first stand-up appearance in the UK in 13 years. In July 2011, he was a surprise guest on The Daily Show, helping Jon Stewart to suppress his urge to tell "cheap" "Michele Bachmann's husband acts gay" jokes.[30] Seinfeld also launched a personal archives website at JerrySeinfeld.com and appeared in the HBO special Talking Funny with fellow comedians Chris Rock, Louis C.K., and Ricky Gervais in the same year.

In 2012 Seinfeld started a Web series, Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee, in which he would pick up a fellow comedian in a different car each episode and take him or her out for coffee and conversation. The initial series consisted of ten 7- to 25-minute episodes. Season 2 (2013) had six episodes, with guests including Don Rickles and David Letterman.[31]

In 2013 Seinfeld was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for the series.[32] When criticized in early 2014 for the lack of women and non-white comedians in the series, he responded, "Who cares? ... You're funny, I'm interested. You're not funny, I'm not."[33]

In 2013 Seinfeld was reportedly working with rapper Wale on his fourth studio album, The Album About Nothing.[34] In June 2013, he appeared on rapper Wale's album The Gifted, on the song "Outro About Nothing".[35]

During a January 2014 interview, on the "Boomer and Carton" show on radio station WFAN, Seinfeld revealed that a Seinfeld project was in development, in which Alexander will play George Costanza alongside other Seinfeld characters. Rumors of a potential reunion were triggered by a photograph that appeared on Twitter, in which Seinfeld and Alexander are walking into "Tom's Restaurant", the famous diner from the Seinfeld series.[36]

Seinfeld received coverage for his speech at the 2014 Clio Awards ceremony, where he received an honorary award, as media reporters said that he "mocked" and "ripped apart" the advertising industry; his statement of "I love advertising because I love lying" received particular attention.[37][38]

On February 15, 2015, Seinfeld made a special appearance as a presenter on "SNL 40," the 40th anniversary special of Saturday Night Live.[39]

In January 2017, it was announced that Seinfeld had signed an exclusive comedy deal with Netflix.[40] As part of the deal, all episodes of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee would be made available on the streaming service, in addition to a new twenty four episode season.[41] Furthermore, the deal also included two new Seinfeld stand-up specials and the development of scripted and non-scripted comedy programming for Netflix.[41]

Books

Seinfeld wrote the book Seinlanguage, released in 1993. Written as his television show was first rising in popularity, it is primarily an adaptation of the comedian's stand-up material. The title comes from an article in Entertainment Weekly listing the numerous catch-phrases for which the show was responsible.[42]

In 2002 he wrote the children's book Halloween. The book was illustrated by James Bennett.[43]

Seinfeld wrote the forewords to Ted L. Nancy's Letters from a Nut series of books and Ed Broth's Stories from a Moron.[44] Seinfeld also wrote the foreword to the Peanut Butter & Co. Cookbook.

Influences

Seinfeld has cited as his influences the humorist Jean Shepherd,[45] and the comedians Bill Cosby,[46] George Carlin,[47] Jay Leno,[48] Robert Klein,[47] and Abbott and Costello,[49] and the actor Ricardo Montalban.[50] Performers and producers influenced by Seinfeld include Judd Apatow,[51] Kevin Hart,[51] and Dennis Miller.[52]

Personal life

Jessica and Jerry Seinfeld in 2010

Years before Seinfeld was created, Seinfeld dated Carol Leifer,[53][54] a fellow comedian and one of the inspirations for the Seinfeld character of Elaine.[55][56] On national TV with Dr. Ruth Westheimer, he explained how, in 1984, he was engaged but called it off.[57] When he was in his late 30s, Seinfeld began a four-year romantic relationship with then-17-year-old high school student Shoshanna Lonstein.[58]

In August 1998, Seinfeld met Jessica Sklar at the Reebok Sports Club and they began dating. Sklar, a public relations executive for Tommy Hilfiger, had just returned from a three-week honeymoon in Italy with Eric Nederlander, a theatrical producer and scion of a theater-owning family. Sklar divorced Nederlander—she explained in a 2007 interview that they had been engaged in couples therapy sessions prior to their marriage—and married Seinfeld on December 25, 1999.[59][60] Comedian George Wallace was the best man at the wedding.[61]

After the nuptials, Jerry and Jessica Seinfeld bought Billy Joel's house in Amagansett, Long Island, for US$32 million after news of the couple's interest in the property became public in 2000.[62][63]

The Seinfelds have one daughter and two sons. Their daughter Sascha was born on November 7, 2000;[64] their first son Julian Kal was born on March 1, 2003;[65] and their second son Shepherd Kellen was born on August 22, 2005—all in New York City.[66][67] Julian's middle name, Kal, is the first name of Seinfeld's father and also the first name of Seinfeld's hero Superman, aka Kal-El.

Among Seinfeld's best friends are fellow comedians George Wallace, Larry Miller, and Mario Joyner.[68]

In 2000, Jessica Seinfeld launched Baby Buggy, a charity that provides clothing and gear for underprivileged women and children. She is also the author of the best-seller Deceptively Delicious: Simple Secrets to Get Your Kids Eating Good Food, released by HarperCollins in October 2007.[69]

Seinfeld has made several political contributions, including George W. Bush's and Al Gore's presidential campaigns in 2000, and subsequently to four Democratic Party primary candidates in 2000 and 2004.[70]

Seinfeld stated that he dabbled in Scientology during his 20s,[71] although he says he was never in the organization.[72][73] The association came to light in 1992.[72]

A fan of the New York Mets, Seinfeld periodically calls Steve Somers' show on WFAN-AM, a sports talk radio station, as "Jerry from Queens".[74] Seinfeld called four innings of a Mets game on SportsNet New York on June 23, 2010, reuniting with analyst Keith Hernandez, who appeared in the Seinfeld two-part episode, "The Boyfriend".[75]

In December 2012, Seinfeld said that he had been practicing Transcendental Meditation (TM) for 40 years. He promoted the use of the technique in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder with Bob Roth of the David Lynch Foundation in December 2012 on the Good Morning America television show,[76] and also appeared at a 2009 David Lynch Foundation benefit for TM, at which former Beatles Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr appeared.[77]

In November 2014, Seinfeld said he suspected he was on the autism spectrum, citing difficulties with social engagement and reading body language.[78] Almost two weeks later, he told Access Hollywood, "I don't have autism. I'm not on the spectrum. I was just watching this play about it and … I related to it on some level."[79]

On November 5, 2015, the David Lynch Foundation organised another benefit concert at New York City's Carnegie Hall called "Change Begins Within" to promote transcendental meditation for stress control. "It's been the greatest companion technique of living that I've ever come across, and I'm thrilled to be part of this movement that seems to have really been reinvigorated by Bob [Roth] and David Lynch," Seinfeld said. "I would do anything that I could to promote it in the world, because I think it's the greatest thing as a life tool, as a work tool and just making things make sense." [80]

Wealth

According to Forbes magazine, Seinfeld's annual earning from Seinfeld in 2004 was $267 million, placing him at the top of the celebrity "money rank" that year.[81] He reportedly turned down $5 million per episode, for 22 episodes, to continue the show for a tenth season.[82]

Seinfeld earned $100 million from syndication deals and stand-up performances in 2005 and $60 million in 2006.[83][84] He also earned $10 million for appearing with Bill Gates in Microsoft's 2008 advertisements for Windows.[85]

Between June 2008 and June 2009, Seinfeld earned $85 million, making him the world's highest-paid comedian during that 12-month period.[86] In 2013, Forbes documented Seinfeld's annual income as $32 million.[87] In mid-2013, Seinfeld disputed Forbes' claims regarding his income and net worth on the radio show of Howard Stern.[88]

Seinfeld was ranked by Forbes the highest-paid comedian for 2015, the second-highest paid in 2016 and the highest-paid again in 2017.[89][90] Seinfeld's income between June 2016 and June 2017 was $69 million.[89]

Car collection

Seinfeld, an automobile enthusiast and avid collector, owns a large Porsche collection.[91] He rented a hangar at the Santa Monica Airport, in Santa Monica, California, for an extended period of time during the 1990s for storage of some of the vehicles in the collection.[92] In 2002 Seinfeld purchased property on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City where he built a $1.4 million dollar two story garage to store part of his Porsche collection on the East Coast.[93][94]

One tally has Seinfeld owning 46 Porsches.[95] Paul Bannister has written that Seinfeld's collection includes Porsche 911s from various years, 10 Porsche Boxsters each painted a different color, and the famous 1955 Porsche 550 Spyder, the same model and pearl-grey color that actor James Dean was driving when he crashed and died.[96]

The Discovery Channel television show Chasing Classic Cars claims that Seinfeld owns the first and last air-cooled Porsche 911s produced. The centerpiece is a $700,000 Porsche 959, one of only 337 built. He was not allowed to drive it, because the car was "not street legal", which is because US emissions and crash tests were never performed for the model since Porsche refused to donate four Porsche 959s for destruction tests. He imported the car "for exhibition purposes", on the stipulation that it may never be driven on US roads.[96] The car was made US street legal in 1999 under the "Show and Display" federal law.[97][98] Seinfeld wrote an article for the February 2004 issue of Automobile, reviewing the Porsche Carrera GT.[99]

In 2008, Seinfeld was involved in a car accident when the brakes on his 1967 Fiat 500 failed and, to avoid an intersection, he pulled the emergency brake while turning sharply, ultimately causing the car to come to a stop on its side. Seinfeld was unhurt.[100]

In an episode of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee, Seinfeld stated that he believes that the Lamborghini Miura is "the most beautiful car ever designed."[101]

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Notes
1996 Eddie Himself Cameo
1999 Pros & Cons Prison Man #2 Cameo
2002 Comedian Himself Documentary
Also executive producer
2005 The Thing About My Folks Himself Cameo
2007 Bee Movie Barry B. Benson Voice
Also co-writer and producer
Nominated – Producers Guild of America Award for Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award – Animated
Nominated – Kids Choice Award for Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie
2014 Top Five Himself Uncredited cameo

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1979 Benson Frankie 2 episodes
1984 The Ratings Game Network Rep Television film
1989–1998 Seinfeld Jerry Seinfeld 180 episodes; also co-creator, writer and executive producer
American Comedy Award for Funniest Male Performer in a TV Series (1992–1993)
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series (1993)
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series (1994, 1996–1997)
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy (1993)
Nominated – American Comedy Award for Funniest Male Performer in a TV Series (1996, 1999)
Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Comedy Series (1992–1996)
Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy (1994–1995, 1997)
Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series[102] (1992, 1994–1998)
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series (1995)
1992, 1999 Saturday Night Live Himself (host) 2 episodes
1993, 1998 The Larry Sanders Show Himself 2 episodes
1997 NewsRadio Himself Episode: "The Real Deal"
1998 I'm Telling You for the Last Time Himself Stand-up special
1998 Mad About You Himself Uncredited
Episode: "Season Opener"
2000 Dilbert Comp-U-Comp (voice) Episode: "The Return"
2004, 2009 Curb Your Enthusiasm Himself 6 episodes
2007 30 Rock Himself Episode: "SeinfeldVision"
2010–2011 The Marriage Ref Himself 9 episodes; also creator and executive producer
2012, 2014 Louie Himself 2 episodes
2012–present Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee Himself (host) 59 episodes; also creator and executive producer
2015 Inside Amy Schumer Himself Episode: "80s Ladies"
2016 The Jim Gaffigan Show Himself Episode: "The Calling"
2016 Maya & Marty Himself Episode #1.5
2017 Mystery Science Theater 3000 Freak Masterstroke Episode: "Starcrash"

Writing credits for Seinfeld

The list below only includes episodes mainly written by Seinfeld, as he (and Larry David in Seasons 1 through 7) rewrote the drafts for each episode.

Season 1

Season 2

Season 3

Season 4

Season 5

Season 6

Season 7

References

  1. ↑ "Jerry Seinfeld". TV Guide. Archived from the original on June 21, 2013. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
  2. ↑ Non-archived Comedy Central list via "Comedy Central 100 Greatest Standups of all Time". Listology.com. May 19, 2005. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2012. and "Comedy Central's 100 Greatest Standups of All Time". Ranker.com. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017. Ranker also archived in two parts: page 1 on December 12, 2016, page 2 on July 29, 2017.
  3. 1 2 Weiner, Jonah (December 20, 2012). "Jerry Seinfeld Intends to Die Standing Up". The New York Times Magazine.
  4. ↑ Cown, Alison Leigh (April 23, 2009). "Seinfeld’s Back Story, About Something". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
  5. ↑ "Kalmen Seinfeld". Geni.com. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
  6. ↑ She also used the last name Hesney, per Cowan, The New York Times.
  7. ↑ Busch, Anita (April 6, 2017). "If You’re Not In The Obit, Eat Breakfast’ Documentary About 90+ Generation Gets June Bow On HBO". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 29, 2017. “' was inspired by Carl, Norman Lear and (the late) Betty Seinfeld,' Shapiro told Deadline. 'Jerry Seinfeld’s mom was so vivacious, and she was always having fun and laughing all the way into her 99th year.'
  8. ↑ "Betty Seinfeld, Katonah, NY, Age: 99 - 12/12/1917 -04/18/2014". MyLife.com. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017.)
  9. ↑ Oppenheimer, Jerry (2002). Seinfeld: The Making of an American Icon. Harper. ISBN 978-0060188726.
  10. ↑ Cowan, Alison Leigh (April 23, 2009). "Seinfeld's Back Story, About Something". The New York Times. Kalmen Seinfeld died in 1985 in Florida.... The death certificate noted that he worked in the sign business and was survived by his wife, the former Betty Hesney.
  11. ↑ "The Paper Trail of Jerry Seinfeld Leads Back to Ellis Island and Beyond". The New York Times. April 24, 2009. Her family identified their nationality as Turkish when they emigrated to the United States in 1917.
  12. ↑ Kornfeld, Michael (July 23, 1989). "A Single Comedian Is Returning to His Roots". The New York Times. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  13. ↑ Kellerman, Vivien (July 28, 1996). "If You're Thinking of Living In/Massapequa Park, L.I.;Fine Schools, Famous Alumni". The New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
  14. ↑ "American Jewish comedian Jerry Seinfeld in Israel to promote new movie". Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved May 10, 2009 – via Haaretz.
  15. ↑ Herbert, Geoff (July 19, 2013). "Jerry Seinfeld talks SUNY Oswego, Pop-Tarts, marriage, more during Syracuse performance". Syracuse, New York: Syracuse.com. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  16. ↑ "Jerry Seinfeld Biography" Film Actor, Screenwriter, Television Actor, Comedian, Television Producer (1954–)". Biography.com (FYI / A&E Networks). Archived from the original on January 5, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  17. ↑ "Seinfeld's Kibbutz Days". Israeli Culture. Archived from the original on February 23, 2001. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  18. 1 2 3 "Jerry Seinfeld". = The New York Times. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
  19. ↑ Interview in "How It Began," a special feature in the Seinfeld Season 1 & 2 DVD
  20. ↑ Jason Alexander did not appear in "The Pen"; Julia Louis-Dreyfus did not appear in the pilot, "The Trip, Part 1", or "The Trip, Part 2"; and Michael Richards did not appear in "The Chinese Restaurant" or "The Pen".
  21. ↑ "Seinfeld's commercial". Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  22. ↑ Elliott, Stuart (30 March 2004). "Seinfeld and Superman join forces again in spots for American Express, this time on the Web.". New York Times. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  23. ↑ Finke, Nikki (26 February 2007). "Seinfeld Auditioning To Host 80th Oscars?". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  24. ↑ "Seinfeld to Guest Star on 30 Rock". ComingSoon.net. July 16, 2007. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  25. ↑ Coyle, Jake (August 21, 2008). "Seinfeld to be pitchman for Microsoft". foxnews.com. Associated Press. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  26. ↑ "Microsoft Showcase: Watch videos from Microsoft's online video collection". Microsoft. Archived from the original on August 23, 2009. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  27. ↑ "Jerry Seinfeld joins the Greater". Greater Building Society. July 9, 2008. Archived from the original on August 10, 2015.
  28. ↑ "Jerry Seinfeld films advertisement for Newcastle's Greater Building Society". Daily Telegraph. July 10, 2009. Archived from the original on July 11, 2009.
  29. ↑ "New Greater website has exclusive behind the scenes footage from the commercials starring Jerry Seinfeld". Greater Building Society. July 13, 2009. Archived from the original on August 10, 2015.
  30. ↑ "Matthew Richardson". The Daily Show. July 13, 2010.
  31. ↑ "Comedians In Cars Getting Coffee website". Comediansincarsgettingcoffee.com. Retrieved 2014-07-19.
  32. ↑ "65th Primetime Emmys: Complete List of Nominations". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. July 18, 2013. Retrieved Dec 31, 2013.
  33. ↑ Kiefer, Halle (February 9, 2014). "Jerry Seinfeld on Diversity in Comedy: 'Who Cares?'". New York. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
  34. ↑ Horowitz, Steven J. (2013-01-18). "Wale Reportedly Working With Jerry Seinfeld On "The Album About Nothing". HipHop DX. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  35. ↑ "iTunes - Music - The Gifted by Wale". Itunes.apple.com. 2013-06-25. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  36. ↑ Daniel Goldblatt (January 30, 2014). "Jerry Seinfeld Confirms ‘Seinfeld’ Reunion of Sorts". Variety. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  37. ↑ Ryan Grenoble (October 6, 2014). "Seinfeld's Advertising Award Acceptance Speech Mercilessly Mocks Ad Execs". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  38. ↑ Zachary M. Seward (October 5, 2014). "Jerry Seinfeld ripped apart the advertising industry on its biggest night". Quartz. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  39. ↑ "Audience Q&A - SNL 40th Anniversary Special", Saturday Night Live
  40. ↑ Maglio, Tony (January 17, 2017). "Netflix Nabs ‘Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee,’ 2 New Jerry Seinfeld Stand-Up Specials". The Wrap. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  41. 1 2 Andreeva, Nellie (January 17, 2017). "Comedians In Cars Getting Coffee’ Moves To Netflix As Part Of Big Jerry Seinfeld Deal That Includes Specials & Series". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  42. ↑ Fretts, Bruce (April 9, 1993). "Seinlanguage". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved Dec 31, 2013.
  43. ↑ Jerry Seinfeld. Halloween. (Illustrated by James Bennett).
  44. ↑ Wloszczyna, Susan (April 28, 2005). "Seinfeld stirs up publicity". USA Today. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
  45. ↑ Video on YouTube
  46. ↑ Seinfeld, Jerry (November 4, 2009). The 12th Annual Mark Twain Prize for American Humor (TV). PBS.
  47. 1 2 Seinfeld, Jerry (April 1, 2007). Jerry Seinfeld: The Comedian Award (TV). HBO.
  48. ↑ Seinfeld, Jerry (September 29, 2010). Milling About Flashback with Jerry Seinfeld (Radio). BlogTalkRadio. Event occurs at approx. 7:00.
  49. ↑ Tucker, Ken (November 25, 1994). "TV Review: Abbott & Costello Meet Jerry Seinfeld". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
  50. ↑ Seinfeld, Jerry (November 22, 2005). Seinfeld, Season 6, "The Gymnast" (DVD commentary). NBC.
  51. 1 2 Weiner, Jonah (December 20, 2012). "Jerry Seinfeld Intends to Die Standing Up". The New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
  52. ↑ Miller, Dennis (2014-02-05). "The Dennis Miller Show" (Interview). Interview with Dennis Miller.
  53. ↑ Levine, Josh (1993). Jerry Seinfeld: Much Ado About Nothing. ECW Press. p. 77. ISBN 1550222015.
  54. ↑ "Comedian Secrets Revealed! Behind-the-scenes stories of Jerry Seinfeld, Ray Romano, and more before they were stars". foxnews.com. October 15, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  55. ↑ Levine, Josh (2010). Pretty, Pretty, Pretty Good: Larry David and the Making of Seinfeld and Curb Your Enthusiasm. ECW Press. p. 19. ISBN 1550229478.
  56. ↑ "Comedienne CAROL LEIFER ("Leefer")". npr.org. December 15, 1993. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
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