Jean de Dunois

Jean de Dunois

Coat of arms of the Counts of Longueville

Jean de Dunois (23 November 1402 – 24 November 1468), also called John of Orléans and Jean de Duno (Jean d'Orléans), was the illegitimate son of Louis I, Duke of Orléans, by Mariette d'Enghien.^[1] His nickname, the "Bastard of Orléans" (bâtard d'Orléans), was a term of respect, since it acknowledged him as a first cousin to the king and acting head of a cadet branch of the royal family during his half-brother's captivity. In 1439 he received the county of Dunois from his half-brother, Charles, Duke of Orléans, and later king Charles VII made him count of Longueville.^[2]

Life

In 1407, Jean's father, Louis I, Duke of Orléans was assassinated.^[2] Eight years later, his half-brother, Charles, Duke of Orléans was captured at the Battle of Agincourt and remained a prisoner of the English for twenty-five years.^[2] This left Jean the only adult male to represent the house of Orléans.^[2] He was Knight of the Order of the Porcupine.^[3]

Jean joined the civil war in France in the time of Charles VI on the side of the Armagnacs, and was captured by the Burgundians in 1418. Released in 1420, he entered the service of the Dauphin Charles, fighting in the Hundred Years' War against English forces. The future count of Dunois led the French defenses at the siege of Orléans.^[2] Together with Joan of Arc he relieved the siege.^[2] He joined her on the campaigns of 1429 and remained active after her death.^[2]

Jean took part in the coronation of Charles VII and in 1436 he aided in the capture of Paris. He was prominent in the conquest of Guienne and Normandy in the final years of the Hundred Years War. He participated in the Praguerie against Charles VII and was a leader of the League of the Public Weal against King Louis XI in 1465, but each time he regained favor at court.

Marriages and progeny

He married Marie Louvet (d. 1426) in April 1422 at Bourges, by whom he had no children.

He married a second time to Marie of Harcourt (d. 1464),^[4] Lady of Parthenay 26 October 1439 and had two children:

• François Ι d'Orléans-Longueville (1447–1491), Count of Dunois, Tancarville, Longueville, and Montgomery, Baron of Varenguebec, Viscount of Melun, Chamberlain of France, Governor of Normandy and the Dauphiné, Constable and Chamberlain of Normandy, married 2 July 1466 to Agnès de Savoie (1445–1508).
• Catherine d'Orléans (1449–1501), married 14 May 1468 to Johann II of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1430–1472), Count of Roucy

Titles

• Lord of Valbonais (1421–1468)
• Count of Mortain (1424–1425)
• Viscount of Saint-Sauveur
• Count of Périgord (1430–1439)
• Count of Dunois (1439–1468)
• Count of Longueville (1443–1468)

In literature

Dunois appears as a character in the following plays:

• Shakespeare's Henry VI Part I
• Friedrich Schiller's Die Jungfrau von Orleans
• George Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan

He also appears in the following adaptations of Schiller's play:

• Giuseppe Verdi's opera Giovanna d'Arco
• Tchaikovsky's opera The Maid of Orleans

He was also portrayed in the Luc Besson film The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc, as well as Europa Universalis 4 where he is a general available in 1444.

Notes

References

• Emery, Anthony (2016). Seats of Power in Europe during the Hundred Years War. Oxbow Books. 
• Gillerman, Dorothy W. (1994). Enguerran De Marigny and the Church of Notre-Dame at Ecouis: Art and Patronage in the Reign of Philip the Fair. Pennsylvania University Press. 
• Sowerby, Tracey A.; Hennings, Jan, eds. (2017). Practices of Diplomacy in the Early Modern World C.1410-1800. Routledge. 

Further reading

• Jean de Dunois biography at xenophongroup.com
• Jean de Dunois biography at jean-claude.colrat.pagesperso-orange.fr
• Book of Hours, Use of Rome ('The Dunois Hours') (BL Yates Thompson 3