Jat Muslim

Jat Muslim
Regions with significant populations
Pakistan, India
Languages
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Jat people

Jat Muslim or Musalman Jat (Urdu: مسلمان جٹ‎) are patrilineal descendants of Jat people of Northern regions of the Indian Subcontinent who are followers of Islam. They are found primarily throughout Sindh, Pakistan and Punjab region of both Pakistan and India.[1] Jat Muslims are also found in western Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat in India, and the province of Azad Kashmir in Pakistan.[2][3][4] Jats began converting to Islam from the early Middle Ages onward, and constitute a distinct sub-group within the diverse community of Jat people.[5]

Introduction of Islam

When Arabs entered Sindh in the seventh century, the chief tribal groupings they found were the Jats and the Med people. These Jats are often referred as Zatts in early Arab writings. The Jats were the first converts to Islam, and many were employed as soldiers by the new Arab Muslim administration in Sindh. The Muslim conquest chronicles further point at the important concentrations of Jats in towns and fortresses of Lower and Central Sindh.[6]

Between the 10th and the 13th Century, there was large immigration of Jat groups from Balochistan and Sindh northwards to Punjab and eastwards towards what is now Rajasthan. Many Jat clans initially settled in a region known as the Bar country, which referred to the country between the rivers of Punjab, thinly populated with scanty rainfall which accommodated a type of pastoral nomadism which was based primary on the rearing of goats and camels. Between the 11th and the 13th centuries, the Jats became essentially a peasant population, taking advantage in the growth of irrigation. As these Jats became converted to peasant farmers, they also started to become Muslims. Most Jats clans of western Punjab have traditions that they accepted Islam at the hands of two famous Sufi saints of Punjab, Shaikh Faridudin Ganj Shaker of Pakpattan or his contemporary Baha Al Haq Zakiriya of Multan. In reality the process of conversion was said to much a slower process.[7]

Social organization

In the plains and high plateau of Punjab, there are many communities of Jat, some of whom had converted to Islam by the 18th century, while others had become Sikhs. Those clans that converted to Islam remained in what is now Pakistani Punjab after Partition; others, such as the Pannun and Bal, while having Muslim branches, are largely Sikh and moved to India. In Pakistan, most Jats are land-owning agriculturalists, and they form the largest ethnic group in Sindh.[1]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Jaffrelot, Christophe, ed. (2002). A History of Pakistan and Its Origins. Translated by Gillian Beaumont. London: Anthem Press. pp. 205–206. ISBN 9781843310303. OCLC 61512448.
  2. ↑ Gupta, Dipankar (1997). Rivalry and Brotherhood: Politics in the Life of Farmers in North India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195641011. OCLC 832991919.
  3. ↑ Singh, K. S., ed. (2003). "Jat (Muslim)". People of India: Gujarat, Part Two. XXII. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, for Anthropological Survey of India. pp. 528–533. ISBN 9788179911051. OCLC 52734824.
  4. ↑ Westphal-Hellbusch, Sigrid; Westphal, Heinz (1964). The Jat of Pakistan. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. OCLC 310483.
  5. ↑ Khanna, Sunil K. (2004). "Jat". In Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin. Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures. 2. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 777–783. ISBN 9780387299051. OCLC 473757308.
  6. ↑ Wink, André (2002). Al-Hind, The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th-11th Centuries. 1. Boston: Brill. pp. 154–160. ISBN 9780391041738. OCLC 48837811.
  7. ↑ Wink, André (2002). Al-Hind, The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries. 2. Boston: Brill. pp. 241–242. ISBN 9780391041745. OCLC 48837811.
  8. ↑ Miraj, Muhammad Hassan (15 April 2013). "Kharal and Berkley". Dawn. Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-03.
  9. ↑ Miraj, Muhammad Hassan (22 April 2013). "Kharal and Berkley II". Dawn. Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-03.
  10. ↑ Tunio, Hafeez (20 December 2014). "Dastar bandi: Zardari takes over as chief of his own tribe". The Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-03.
  11. ↑ "His family". Dawn. 11 February 2011. Archived from the original on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 2017-01-03. Here lived a small land-owning class of Jat farmers, by caste known as Tataley. They addressed themselves as Chaudhry, from which we know that the given name of the poet was Chaudhry Faiz Ahmed.
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