Japan Shogi Association

Japan Shogi Association
日本将棋連盟

Tokyo headquarters
Abbreviation JSA (or NSR)
Formation September 8, 1924 (1924-09-08)
Type Public Interest Incorporated Association
Purpose Promotion and development of shogi both within Japan and internationally
Headquarters Tokyo, Japan
Location
Coordinates 35°40′38″N 139°42′34″E / 35.67722°N 139.70944°E / 35.67722; 139.70944Coordinates: 35°40′38″N 139°42′34″E / 35.67722°N 139.70944°E / 35.67722; 139.70944
Official language
Japanese
President
 Yasumitsu Satō
Website www.shogi.or.jp (in Japanese)
Formerly called
 Tokyo Shogi Association

The Japan Shogi Association (日本将棋連盟, nihon shōgi renmei), or JSA,[lower-alpha 1] is the primary organizing body for professional shogi in Japan.[5][6] The JSA sets the professional calendar, negotiates sponsorship and media promotion deals, helps organize tournaments and title matches, publishes shogi-related materials, supervises and trains apprentice professionals as well as many other activities.

History

For much of its early history, shogi followed an iemoto system centered around three families (schools): the Ōhashi (main), the Ōhashi (branch) and the Itō.[lower-alpha 2][7] Titles such as Meijin were hereditary and could only be held by members of these three families. These three schools were supported by the Tokugawa shogunate and thus controlled the professional shogi world up until 1868 when the Meiji Restoration began.[8] By the time Sōin Itō, the eighth and last head of the Itō school and the 11th Hereditary Meijin, had died in 1893, the influence of the families had decreased to such an extent that they had no real power at all.[9]

The earliest form of the JSA was founded on September 8, 1924 as the Tokyo Shogi Association (東京将棋連盟, tōkyō shōgi renmei) with Ichitarō Doi as president and Lifetime Meijin Kinjirō Sekine as honorary president. It changed its name to Nihon Shōgi Renmei in 1927 with Sekine as president. In 1932, the president changed back to Doi with Sekine again as honorary president. Yasujirō Kon replaced Doi as president in 1934. In 1936, it changed its name again to Shogi Taiseikai (将棋大成会), and Sekine was its president. Lifetime Meijin Yoshio Kimura (shogi) replaced Sekine as president in 1938. In 1947, it officially changed its name back to Nihon Shōgi Renmei with Kimura still as president. In 1949, it became a legal entity (社団法人 shadan hōjin 'corporate person') for the first time.[10] The JSA celebrated its 81st anniversary in November 2005, which was significant because a shogi board consists of 81 squares.[11]

Organization

Purpose

On its official website, the JSA states that its aims are "to contribute to the development of Japanese traditional culture, to help increase shogi's popularity and development as an art form, to contribute to spread and increased understanding of Japanese culture and traditions and to establish friendly exchanges with people of other countries through shogi".[12][lower-alpha 3]

Activities

Both the JSA's official homepage [13] and by-laws [14] list the official activities of the association as follows:

Status

The JSA officially registered as a "Public Interest Incorporated Association" (公益社団法人, kōeki shadan hōjin) under Japanese law on April 1, 2011.[lower-alpha 4] Prior to that, the JSA had been officially registered as "Membership Association" (社団法人, shadan hōjin) since July 29, 1949.[9]

Headquarters and other offices

Picture of Kansai Shogi Kaikan in Fukushima, Osaka
Kansai Shogi Kaikan

The headquarters (本部, honbu) of the JSA is located in the Sendagaya area of Tokyo's Shibuya Ward, while the main office for western Japan is the Kansai Shogi Kaikan located in Fukushima Ward, Osaka. In addition to the two main offices, there is also the Tokai Promotion Federation located in the Sakae area of Naka Ward, Nagoya.[16]

General meetings and the board of directors

Yasumitsu Satō is the current JSA president.[17] Once a year (more often if needed), the JSA membership meets to discuss matters relevant to the association. Organizational matters, financial matters, disciplinary matters, etc. are all discussed and placed to a vote. Each regular member[lower-alpha 5] is given one vote.[19]

Every two years, the JSA's board of directors is chosen during the annual meeting. No less than eight, but no more than twenty members are selected to be directors for a period of two years. The recently elected directors then choose one of their fellow directors to serve as president, one to serve as chief executive officer, and no less than four to serve as executive directors. In addition, the general membership selects no more than three individuals to serve as the association's comptrollers. Directors, their relatives, persons having special relationships with directors, and JSA employees are not allowed to be comptrollers.[20]

The JSA maintains a business office and hires staff to help manage the everyday affairs of the association as well as assist in other tasks deemed by the president to be important.[21]

Past presidents

The following is a list of past-presidents of the JSA.[9]

No. Name From To
1 Yoshio Kimura December 1947 March 1948
2 Tōichi Watanabe March 1948 March 1953
3 Nobuhiko Sakaguchi March 1953 March 1955
4 Kiyoshi Hagiwara March 1955 March 1957
5 Jirō Katō March 1957 May 1961
6 Yasuo Harada May 1961 May 1967
7 Nobuhiko Sakaguchi May 1967 May 1969
8 Yūzō Maruta May 1969 May 1973
9 Jirō Katō May 1973 July 1974
10 Masao Tsukada* July 1974 December 1976
11 Yasuharu Ōyama December 1976 May 1989
12 Tatsuya Futakami May 1989 May 2003
13 Makoto Nakahara May 2003 May 2005
14 Kunio Yonenaga* May 2005 December 2012
15 Koji TanigawaDecember 2012February 2017[lower-alpha 6]

Note: Names marked with an asterisk (*) died while in office.

Players

Professionals

JSA professional shogi players (正規棋士 (Seiki Kishi) or 棋士 (Kishi) for short in Japanese) are ranked from four to nine dan. Players receive a monthly salary according to their rank as well as game fees based upon performance.[22] In addition, popular players may also earn income from teaching, publishing, media appearances, etc. As of December 2016 there are 164 active professionals.[23]

Apprentice school

Strong amateurs wishing to become professional must be accepted into the JSA's "apprentice school" (奨励会, shōreikai). Apprentice professionals are initially ranked from six kyū to three dan based upon their results on the apprentice school entry exam or performance in certain amateur tournaments.[24] Apprentice professionals are guided through the system by their "master" (師匠, shishō)—a currently active professional who acts as their sponsor and teacher—and are promoted or demoted in rank based upon performance.[22] Players who successfully move up the ranks to three dan participate in the "3-dan league" (三段リーグ, san dan rīgu). This league is held twice yearly and the two top finishers of each league are promoted to four dan and, thus, gain professional status.[25] Amateurs of either gender can apply for entry into the apprentice school, but they must be promoted to four dan by age 26[26] and those who do not must leave the school.[27]

Professional admission test

There is alternative way for amateurs to obtain professional status called the "Professional Admission Test" (プロ編入試験, Puro Henyū Shiken) which was established by the JSA in 2006 in response to a former apprentice school 3-dan's successful attempt to become a professional.[28] Shōji Segawa was unable to gain promotion to 4-dan professional before turning 26 in 1996, and thus was required to withdraw from the JSA's apprentice school. Segawa continued to play shogi as an amateur and won a number of national amateur tournaments which allowed him to qualify for tournaments involving professionals. Segawa's record of 17 wins and 5 losses against professionals in these tournaments led him to request that the JSA grant him another opportunity to become a professional. In response, the JSA arranged six games for Segawa to play against a variety of opponents and stated that he would be granted 4-dan professional status if he won three games. Segawa's opponents included four professional players, one female professional player, and one apprentice school 3-dan.[29] The games were held from July to November 2005, and Segawa achieved his third win by winning game 5 on November 6, 2005 and was granted professional status by the JSA on the same day.[26] In 2014, the JSA announced the qualifications for those wishing to apply for the Professional Admission Test.[30] In July 2014, the JSA announced that it had accepted the application submitted by amateur Kenji Imaizumi, a 41-year-old former apprentice school 3-dan.[31] Imazumi became the first amateur to successfully obtain professional status under the new system in December 2014.[32]

Female professionals

The JSA has a separate system for female professionals (Joryū Kishi (女流棋士))[33] and ranks them from three kyū to six dan. Female professionals are ranked and promoted differently than professionals (kishi) by the JSA.[34] The strongest female professionals are considered to be roughly equivalent to 1 or 2 dan apprentice professionals in playing strength.[22] Strong female professionals are able to participate in some tournaments with men, but there are also major title matches and other tournaments for women only. As of December 2016, there are 52 active female professionals.[35]

Strong female amateur players age 25 or under who wish to become a female professional must be accepted into the JSA's Kenshūkai (研修会, "training group"). There are training groups located in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Fukuoka. Training groups are open to both strong male and female amateurs who qualify. Each group is divided into six classes from A to F, with A being the top class, and each class is further divided into two subgroups, 1 and 2. Female amateurs who are promoted to Class C1 are granted the rank of provisional female professional 3-kyu.[36] Those achieving the provisional rank of 3-kyu have two years to gain promotion to the rank of 2-kyu and thus obtain regular female professional status.[37]

Prior to 1984, female professionals were determined by the performance in national tournaments From 1984 until March 2009, amateurs aspiring to become female professionals competed against each other in the Female professional apprentice league (女流育成会, Joryū Ikuseikai), a system similar to the "3-dan league". The winner of the league was promoted to female professional 2-kyu. In April 2009, the JSA disbanded the system and merged it into the "training group" system.[38]

In February 2017, Karolina Styczyńska became the first non-Japanese to be awarded full professional status when she was promoted to the rank of female professional 2-kyu.[39][40][41]

Computer shogi

Human versus computer

In October 2005, professional players were instructed that they were banned from playing public games against computers without the permission of the JSA. The JSA said the reason for doing this do to the increasing strength of shogi software programs and concerns that even a single professional player losing to a computer could give the public the impression that professionals "are weaker than the software". It was also believed that the JSA wanted to have more control over any future commercial opportunities associated with such games,[6] and was asking "organizers pay a sponsorship fee of at least ¥100 million per game".[42] Kunio Yonenaga, who was the JSA president who instituted the ban, later elaborated on the reasons for the ban in a 2011 interview by saying "If a professional shogi player wins a match against a computer, it's no news. But when a pro loses, it turns into a big deal".[42]

A number of official games between professionals and computers have taken place since the ban went into effect. In March 2007, reigning Ryu-oh titleholder Akira Watanabe defeated the program "Bonanza" in the first official game since the ban was instituted,[43] but woman professional Ichiyo Shimizu became the first professional, man or woman, to lose to a computer in an official game when she lost to "Akara 2010" in October 2010.[44] In January 2012, the program "Bonkras" defeated then JSA president and retired former Meijin Yonenaga.[6][45] Shinichi Sato became the first active male professional to lose to a computer when he lost to the program "Ponanza" in March 2013,[46] and Hideyuki Miura became the first active "Class A" professional to lose to computer when he was lost to the program "GPS Shogi" in April 2013. Miura was participating in a match between five active male professionals and five computer programs held in March and April 2013. The match was one by the computers with a score of three wins, one draw and one loss.[47] A second team match was held in March and April 2014 with the computers winning four out of the five games played. A third team match was held in March and April 2015 with the professionals winning three games and losing two.

In June 2015, it was decided that the team match format was to be replaced by a two-game match (two days per game) between the winners of respective human and computer qualifying tournaments sponsored by the JSA and telecommunications company Dwango.[48] Takayuki Yamazaki and the program "Ponanza" started the best-of-two game 1st Denō Match in April 2016,[49] and Yamazaki lost the match 2–0.[50]

On February 22, 2017, the JSA announced that the "Denou Sen" matches between computers and professional players sponsored by Dwango would end in 2017. According to the chairman of Dwango, "These serious battles between humans and software have completed their historic role".[51] On April 1, 2017, Meijin Amahiko Sato became the first reigning major titile holder to lose an official game to a computer when he lost Game 1 of the 2nd Denō Match to the computer representative Ponanza.[52]

Human versus human

In October 2016, the JSA announced new rules which require players to keep their smartphones or other electronic devices in their lockers during official match games. Players will also be banned from leaving the JSA buildings in Tokyo and Osaka during official games. The JSA said the new rules were needed to prevent "high-tech cheating" by players using shogi apps installed on the devices themselves or from using the devices remotely access off-site personal computers for assistance during games. The move was made in response to the increasing strength of computer software in recent years, including a number results where computers have beaten professional players in official games. As computer shogi programs have gotten stronger, the number of players using them for match preparation and post-game analysis has increased which created a concern about the possibilities of cheating during games. The new rules took effect in December 2016.[53]

On February 10, 2017, the JSA announced that two professional players were the first to be fined for leaving the playing site during official games under the new rules. The two players were spotted by others leaving the playing site during their meal breaks for official games held on February 7 and February 8, 2016, respectively. The JSA fined each player 50% of the amount they were to receive as a game fee and strongly warned them to avoid the same mistake again.[54][55]

Other

Internet

The JSA maintains an online presence through its official website and Twitter account. The association also provides mobile app which provides some free content such as shogi-related news updates, but offers live tournament reports, game scores and detailed analysis, etc. for a fee.[56] In addition, the JSA also owns and operates Shogi Club 24, an online shogi game site,[57][58] and provides official support to the international shogi server 81 Dojo.[59]

The JSA has an official YouTube channel called "Shogi Association" where it provides instructional and event video clips hosted by JSA professionals and women's professionals[60] as well as an official Twitter account for the channel.[61]

Publications

The JSA has its own publishing division for shogi-related books, magazines, and other printed matter.[62] Together with the Mynavi Publishing Corporation, the JSA published a weekly newspaper called Weekly Shogi (週刊将棋 (Shūkan Shōgi)) from January 1984 to March 2016, but ceased publication due to changes in the media environoment.[63] The JSA also publishes a monthly magazine called Shogi World (将棋世界 (Shōgi Sekai)).[64] The JSA and MyNabi also operate official Twitter accounts for both publications.[65][66]

International activities

The JSA maintains an international presence and promotes shogi internationally through 40 official chapters in 28 countries worldwide. These chapters are local shogi clubs or national federations which are officially recognized and supported by the JSA.[67][68]

The JSA has also held an International Shogi Forum once every three years since 1999. The multi-day event includes individual and team tournaments involving representatives from overseas national shogi federations and Japan, simultaneous exhibitions by professionals and female professionals, displays of shogi equipment as well as various exchange events.[69] The event has been held five times in Japan—Tokyo (1999, 2002, 2005),[70][71][72] Tendō (2008),[73] and Shizuoka (2014)[74]—and once overseas, France (2011).[75]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Although some English books and online sites still refer to the organization as the Nihon Shogi Renmei, or by the initialism NSR, because it is the romanized version of its Japanese name, the organization itself uses the name Japan Shogi Association on its official website. The name Japanese Shogi Federation is an older English translation no longer used by the JSA.[1][2][3][4]
  2. ↑ The Ōhashi School (main) was founded by Ōhashi Sōkei I, the 1st Hereditary Meijin, in 1612. Sōkei's second son Ōhashi Sōyo I was not next in line to succeed his father so he established the Ōhashi School (branch) during the Kan'ei Era. In 1636, Sōkei's son-in-law Itō Sōkan I, the 3rd Hereditary Meijin, established the Itō School.
  3. ↑ The original Japanese is "目的として「将棋の普及発展と技術向上を図り、我が国の文化の向上、伝承に資するとともに、将棋を通じて諸外国との交流親善を図り、もって伝統文化の向上発展に寄与すること」を謳っています。"
  4. ↑ A "Public Interest Incorporated association" is a general incorporated association that has received the authorization under Article 4: General incorporated associations and general incorporated foundations that operate the business for public interest purposes may be authorized by the administrative agency of the Act on Authorization of Public Interest Incorporated Associations and Public Interest Incorporated Foundation (Act No. 49 of 2006)[15]
  5. ↑ A "regular" member is defined by the JSA as those who are recognized as members in good standing by the board of directors. More specifically, they are as follows: (1) all shogi professionals (ranked 4 dan or higher); and (2) all JSA member women professional title holders or women professionals ranked 4 dan or higher.[18]
  6. ↑ Tanigawa resigned as president to take responsibility for the JSA's mishandling of the 29th Ryu-oh challenger controversy. Tanigawa submitted his resignation in January 2017, but agreed to remain on as caretaker until a new president could be chosen on February 6, 2017.[17]

References

  1. ↑ Fairbairn, John (1986). Shogi for beginners (2nd ed.). Ishi Press. ISBN 978-4-8718-720-10.
  2. ↑ Cannon, Garland (1996). Warren, Nicholas, ed. The Japanese Contributions to the English Language: An Historical Dictionary. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 212–213. ISBN 3-447-03764-4 – via Google Books.
  3. ↑ Lundstrom, Harold (May 28, 1993). "Technology Keeps Japanese Chess Going Strong". Deseret News. Meanwhile, back in the future, Shogi is played on computers with the full blessing of the nation's highest arbiter of the game, the Japan Shogi Federation.
  4. ↑ Kirkup, James (August 17, 1992). "Obituary: Yasuharu Oyama". The Independent. An international bulletin devoted to the game, "Shogi World", first appeared in January 1976, jointly published by Ishi Press International (Mountain View, California) and the Japan Shogi Federation, the official body that oversees the activities of 15 million players in Japan.
  5. ↑ "Japanese Government Policies in Education, Science, Sports and Culture 2000: Chapter 1 Japanese Culture Today, Section 2 Aspects of Japanese Culture - 2. Position on Various Cultural Activities: (8) Go and Shogi". Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. November 2000. Retrieved September 16, 2015. In terms of national organizations, there is the Nihon Ki-in for go and the Japan Shogi Association for shogi, and both groups are working to popularize these games.
  6. 1 2 3 "Shogi pros warned not to play computers". The Japan Times. October 16, 2005. Retrieved December 12, 2016. Professional shogi players have been told not to compete against computer programs in public without permission from their association in the face of emerging competitive software, association officials said Saturday. The Japan Shogi Association says it will respond discreetly if such a match offer is made.
  7. ↑ Hosking, Tony (1997). The Art of Shogi. Stratford-upon-Avon, England: The Shogi Foundation. p. 4. ISBN 978-0953108909.
  8. ↑ Hosking 1997, p. 5.
  9. 1 2 3 "Sōritsu - Enkaku" 創立・沿革 [Establishment/History] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  10. ↑ Hodges, George, ed. (1983). "Nihon Shogi Renmei". Shogi (41): 20.
  11. ↑ "Masume ni Chanto Hachijūichi Shūnen/Nihon Shōgi Renmei" マス目にちなんで81周年／日本将棋連盟 [Japan Shogi Association 81st Anniversary: Exact number of squares on a shogi board]. Shikoku News (in Japanese). November 20, 2005. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  12. ↑ "Soshiki Gaiyō: Mokuteki - Unei" 組織概要-目的・運営 [Organizational overview: Aims and Operation] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  13. ↑ "Soshiki Gaiyō - Jigyō Gaiyō" 組織概要-事業概要 [Organizational overview: Activities] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Kōeki Shadan Hōjin Nihon Shōgi Renmei - Teikan: Dai Ni Shō Dai Yon Jō (Jigyō)" 公益社団法人日本将棋連盟-定 款: 第2章第4条 (事業) [Japan Shogi Association By-laws: Chapter 2, Article 4 (Activities)] (pdf) (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. p. 2. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Act on Authorization of Public Interest Incorporated Associations and Public Interest Incorporated Foundations (Act No. 49 of 2006)" (PDF). Cabinet Secretariat of the Japanese Government. June 2, 2006. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  16. ↑ "Shozaichi・Otoiawasesake Ichiran" 所在地・お問い合わせ先一覧 [Location/Contact information] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  17. 1 2 "Shogi ass'n names new chief after defamation scandal". Mainichi Shimbun. February 6, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  18. ↑ "Kōeki Shadan Hōjin Nihon Shōgi Renmei - Teikan: Dai San Shō Dai Go Jō (Kaiin)" 公益社団法人日本将棋連盟-定 款: 第3章第5条 (会員) [Japan Shogi Association By-laws: Chapter 3, Article 5 (Membership)] (pdf) (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. p. 2. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  19. ↑ "Kōeki Shadan Hōjin Nihon Shōgi Renmei - Teikan: Dai Yon Shō (Sōkai)" 公益社団法人日本将棋連盟-定 款: 第4章 (総会) [Japan Shogi Association By-laws: Chapter 4, (General Meetings)] (pdf) (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. p. 4. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  20. ↑ "Kōeki Shadan Hōjin Nihon Shōgi Renmei - Teikan: Dai Go Shō (Yakuin)" 公益社団法人日本将棋連盟-定 款: 第5章 (役員) [Japan Shogi Association By-laws: Chapter 5 (Officers)] (pdf) (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. pp. 5–6. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Kōeki Shadan Hōjin Nihon Shōgi Renmei - Teikan: Dai Nana Shō Dai Sajūsan Jō (Jimukyoku)" 公益社団法人日本将棋連盟-定 款: 第7章第33条 (事務局) [Japan Shogi Association By-laws: Chapter 7, Article 33 (Business Office)] (pdf) (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. p. 7. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  22. 1 2 3 Hosking 1997, p. 6.
  23. ↑ "Geneki Kishi Ichiran" 現役棋士一覧 [List of active professionals] (in Japanese). Japanese Shogi Association. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
  24. ↑ "Shōreikaishiken Gaiyo" 奨励会試験概要 [Apprentice School Test Overview] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
  25. ↑ "'Yaru kara ni wa Kanarazu Yondan ni' Satomi Joryū Sankan Ichimon Ittō" ｢やるからには必ず四段に｣ 里見女流三冠一問一答 [Q & A with Satomi Women's 3 Crown, "I will definitely make 4 dan"]. Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan. December 23, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2014. プロと認められる四段まで、最終関門の「三段リーグ」を残すのみだ。約40人の三段が全員参加する三段リーグは半年間で18局指し、原則、上位1位と2位がプロ棋士になる「狭き門」だ。
  26. 1 2 Nakamura, Akemi (December 29, 2005). "Newest 'shogi' pro followed unlikely path". The Japan Times. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  27. ↑ "Satomi Joryū Sankan, Shōreikai Sandan ni, Josei Hatsu no Kishi e Saishū Sekimon" 里見女流三冠、奨励会三段に　女性初の棋士へ最終関門 [Satomi Women's 3 Crown, Promoted to Apprentice Professional 3 Dan, Last Barrier Before Becoming First Woman "Regular" Shogi Professional]. Asashi Shimbun (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan. December 23, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2014. 棋士になるには奨励会を勝ち抜いて、原則として26歳までに四段に上がらなければならない。(...) 制限された年齢を超えた場合、退会となる。
  28. ↑ "Henyū Seido Tōshisho A" 編入制度答申書 A [Admission Test System Report A] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. May 26, 2006. Archived from the original on January 14, 2007. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  29. ↑ "Segawa Shōji-shi no Puro Iri ni Tsuite" 瀬川晶司氏のプロ入りについて [Regarding Shōji Segawa Becoming a Professional] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. June 19, 2005. Archived from the original on June 19, 2005. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  30. ↑ "Puro Henyūshiken ni tsuite no Oshirase" プロ編入試験についてのお知らせ [Announcement regarding the Professional Admission Test] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. April 18, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  31. ↑ "Amachua no Imazumi Kenji-san, Puro Henyūshiken Jūken e" アマチュアの今泉健司さん,プロ編入試験受験へ (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. July 24, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  32. ↑ Wada, Chitose (December 8, 2014). 今泉健司さん, プロ棋士に合格「可能性にふたをしないかぎり, 年齢は関係ない」 [Kenji Imaizumi becomes shogi professional: "Age is not a factor as long as the possibility to do so is not taken away"]. The Huffington Post Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  33. ↑ "Puro Kisen no Kitei ni Kansuru Goshitsumon: Naze, Dansei wa "Kishi" na noni, Josei wa "Joryū Kishi" to Naru no Desuka." プロ棋戦の規定に関するご質問: なぜ, 男性は "棋士" なのに, 女性は "女流棋士"となるのですか。 [Question about professional shogi rules: Why are men "kishi", but women "joryū kishi"] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
  34. ↑ "Joryū Kishi Shōdan Kitei" 女流棋士昇段規定 [Female professional promotion requirements] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Geneki Joryū Kishi Ichiran" 現役女流棋士一覧 [List of active female professionals] (in Japanese). Japanese Shogi Association. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
  36. ↑ "Kenshūkai no Goannai" 研修会のご案内 [Information about the Kenshūkai] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
  37. ↑ Osumi, Magdelena (June 29, 2015). "Polish woman becomes shogi queen in rare move for foreigner". The Japan Times. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  38. ↑ Murakami, Koji (July 29, 2010). "Joryū Puro Shōkaku, Atsui Kabe: Shōgi Renmai Shiseido, Ichi-nen Amari de Hitori dake" 女流プロ昇格, 厚い壁　将棋連盟新制度,１年余で１人だけ [High barriers to becoming a female professional: Only one woman has been achieved professional status in a little over a year since the JSA instituted new system]. Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  39. ↑ "Polish woman becomes 1st non-Japanese shogi pro". NHK World. February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
  40. ↑ "Polish woman becomes first foreign female pro 'shogi' player in Japan". The Japan Times. Kyodo News. February 21, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
  41. ↑ Murase, Shinya (February 21, 2017). "Polish woman, 25, becomes first foreign 'shogi' professional". Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
  42. 1 2 Otake, Tomoko (November 2, 2011). "Shōgi showdown for supercomputer". The Japan Times. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
  43. ↑ "Computer no match for the king of 'shogi'". The Japan Times. Kyodo News. March 22, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2016. (Subscription required (help)).
  44. ↑ "Shogi computer beats female champ Shimizu". Mainichi Shimbun. October 12, 2010. Archived from the original on October 13, 2010. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
  45. ↑ "Fujitsu's Shogi Software Tops Former Shogi Champion Kunio Yonenaga" (Press release). Fujitsu. January 16, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
  46. ↑ "Computer beats active 'shogi' pro for first time". The Japan Times. Kyodo News. March 31, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2016. (Subscription required (help)).
  47. ↑ "Pro shogi players defeated by computer programs". The Japan Times. Kyodo News. April 22, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2016. (Subscription required (help)).
  48. ↑ "Dowango - Nihon Shōgi Renmei Shusai Shinkisenmei wa "Eiōsen" ni Kettei, Hyaku Gojūyonmei no Puro Kishi ga Entorī" ドワンゴ・日本将棋連盟主催　新棋戦名は ｢叡王戦｣ に決定, 154名のプロ棋士がエントリー [New tournament sponsored by the JSA and Dwango to be called the "Eioh-sen": 154 professional male players will participate] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. June 18, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  49. ↑ Fukamatsu, Shinji (April 11, 2016). "AI beats top shogi player in first match of tournament final". Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  50. ↑ Yamamura, Hideki (May 22, 2016). "Shōgi Sofuto Rensho Hyaku Jūhachite de Yamazaki Hachidan Kudasu" 将棋ソフトが連勝 118手で山崎八段降す [Shogi software wins consecutive games, defeats Yamazaki 8d in 118 moves]. Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  51. ↑ "Human vs. computer shogi series to end this year". Mainichi Shimbun. February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  52. ↑ Yamamura, Hideki (April 1, 2017). "Satō Meijin, Sofuto ni Yabureru Denōsen Daiikkyoku" 佐藤名人, ソフトに敗れる 電王戦第1局 [Meijin Satō defeated by computer in Game 1 of the Denō Match]. Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved April 3, 2017.
  53. ↑ Murase, Shinya (October 13, 2016). "Shogi body checks potential cheats with ban on smartphones". Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  54. ↑ Yamamura, Hideki (February 10, 2017). "Nihon Shogi Renmei: Gaishūtsu Kinshi de Kishi Futari wo Bakkin Shobun" 日本将棋連盟: 外出禁止で棋士2人を罰金処分 [Japan Shogi Association: Two professionals fined for violating ban on leaving playing site]. Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  55. ↑ "Kishi Futari ga Gaishūtsu Kinshi Kitei Ihan, Shōgi Renmei kara Genchūi to Bakkin Shobun" 棋士2人が外出禁止規定違反, 将棋連盟から厳重注意と罰金処分 [Two players violate rule on leaving playing site strongly warned and fined by the JSA]. Sports Hochi (in Japanese). February 10, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  56. ↑ "Chūkei Apuri de Shōgi wo Mankitsu" 中継アプリで将棋を満喫 [Enjoy shogi by mobile app] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  57. ↑ "Intānetto Taikyoku Saito Shōgi Kurabu 24 Nihon Shōgi Renmei e Jotō" インターネット対局サイト 将棋倶楽部２４日本将棋連盟へ譲渡 [Internet Game Site "Shogi Club 24" transferred to Japan Shogi Association] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. November 10, 2010. Archived from the original on January 13, 2010. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  58. ↑ "Shōgi Renmei, Kokunai Saigai no Taikyoku Saito Jigyō o Yuzuriuke" 将棋連盟、国内最大の対局サイト事業を譲り受け [Japan Shogi Association Assumes Control Over the Country's Largest Online Shogi Game Site]. Shogi Kingdom: Shogi News. The Nikkei (in Japanese). November 10, 2006. Archived from the original on July 11, 2012.
  59. ↑ "JSA grants patronage to the international online shogi site "81Dojo"". Japan Shogi Association. December 12, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  60. ↑ "About: Shogi Association". Videos are in Japanese. Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  61. ↑ "Shōgi Renmei YouTube Kōshiki Channeru" 将棋連盟YouTube 公式チャンネル [JSA Official YouTube Channel] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  62. ↑ "Shūppan: Nihon Shōgi Renmei Hakkō no Shoseki" 出版: 日本将棋連盟発行の書籍 [Publications: Japan Shogi Association Publications] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  63. ↑ "'Shūkan Shōgi' Kyūkan no Oshirase" ｢週刊将棋｣ 休刊のお知らせ [Announcement regarding end of publication of "Weekly Shogi"] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. October 20, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  64. ↑ "Shūppan: Shōgi Sekai" 出版: 将棋世界 [Publications: 'Shogi World'] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  65. ↑ "Shūkan Shōgi" 週刊将棋 [Weekly Shogi]. Shukan Shogi Twitter (in Japanese). Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  66. ↑ "Shōgi Sekai" 将棋世界 [Shogi World]. Shogi Sekai Twitter (in Japanese). Retrieved February 15, 2016.
  67. ↑ "Kaigai no Shibu (2013-02-07 Genzai)" 海外の支部（2013年2月7日現在） [Overseas Chapters (as of February 7, 2013)] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
  68. ↑ "SHOGI wo Sekai e !" SHOGIを世界へ！ [Shogi around the world]. 将棋フォーカス [Shogi Focus] (in Japanese). October 26, 2014. Event occurs at 21:17. NHK Educational TV. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  69. ↑ "Tokugawa Ieyasu Kōkenshō Yonhyakunen Kinen Jigyō Dai Rokkai Kokusai Shōgi Fōramu in Shizuoka Kaisai Gaiyō" 徳川家康公顕彰四百年記念事業　第6回国際将棋フォーラムin静岡 開催概要 [Event Celebrating 400th Anniversary of Tokugawa Ieyasu] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. March 11, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
  70. ↑ Grimbergen, Reijer. "The 1st International Shogi Forum". Reijer Grimbergen's Shogi Page. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
  71. ↑ "The 2nd International Shogi Forum". Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
  72. ↑ "The Third International Shogi Forum" (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Archived from the original on December 10, 2005. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
  73. ↑ "International Shogi Festival 2008 in Tendo". Japan Shogi Association. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
  74. ↑ "Shōgidōshi Kokusai Shinzen Shizuoka de Jūnigatsu ni Fōramu" 将棋通し国際親善　静岡で１２月にフォーラム [International Friendship through Shogi, Forum in Shizuoka in December]. Shizuoka Shimbun. August 16, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
  75. ↑ "Dai Gokai Kokusai Shōgi Fōramu Repōto" 第5回国際将棋フォーラム　レポート [5th Shogi International Forum Report]. Japan Shogi Association. November 14, 2011. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
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