Jalairid Sultanate

Jalayirid Sultanate
1335–1432
Division of Ilkhanate territory
Capital Baghdad (Till 1358 and 1388-1411), Tabriz (1358-1388), Basra (1411-1432)
Languages Persian[1]
Arabic(diplomatic)[2]
Mongolian(government)[2]
Government Monarchy
History
   Established 1335
   Disestablished 1432
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Ilkhanate
Kara Koyunlu
Today part of  Iran
 Iraq
History of Greater Iran
Jalairid coinage, Baghdad, 1382-1387.

The Jalairids were a Mongol Jalayir dynasty which ruled over Iraq and western Persia after the breakup of the Mongol khanate of Persia in the 1330s.[3] The Jalairid sultanate lasted about fifty years, until disrupted by Timur's conquests and the revolts of the Kara Koyunlu ("Black Sheep") Turkmen.[4] After Timur's death in 1405, there was a brief attempt to re-establish the sultanate in southern Iraq and Khuzistan. The Jalairids were finally eliminated by the Kara Koyunlu in 1432.

Government

The Jalairid administration and chancellery was modeled after Ilkhanate protocols, with documents in Persian and Mongolian.[2] Their diplomatic correspondence also copied the Ilkhanate's, using a red ink square seal with Islamic phrases in Arabic.[2]

Rulers of Jalayirid Sultanate

Title/Name[5] Personal Name Reign
Taj-ud-Din
تاج الدین
Hasan Buzurg 1336–1356
Mu'izz-ud-duniya wa al-Din
معزالدنیا والدین
Bahadur Khan
بهادرخان
Shaikh Awais Jalayir 1356–1374
Jalal-ud-Din
جلال الدین
Shaikh Hasan Jalayir 1374
Ghiyas-ud-Din
غیاث الدین
Shaikh Hussain Jalayir 1374–1382
Shaikh Bayazid Jalayir
Ruler of Iraq-i 'Ajam at Soltaniyeh and contender for the throne
1382-1384
Sultan
سلطان
Sultan Ahmed Jalayir
Ruler of Iraq-i 'Arab at Baghdad and contender for the throne
1382–1410
Shah Walad Jalayir
son of Shaikh Ali Jalayir
1410–1411
Sultan
سلطان
Mahmud bin Shah Walad Jalayir
under tutelage of Tandu Khatun
1411 (1st reign)
Sultan
سلطان
Awais bin Shah Walad Jalayir 1411-1421
Sultan
سلطان
Muhammad bin Shah Walad Jalayir 1421
Sultan
سلطان
Mahmud bin Shah Walad Jalayir 1421-1425 (2nd reign)
Hussain bin Ala-ud-Daulah bin Sultan Ahmed Jalayir 1425-1432

Family tree

 
 
 
Husein Gurkan
 
daughter of Arghun
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hasan Buzurg
1336–1356
 
Dilshad Khatun
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uvais I
1356–1374
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alishah
 
Husain I
1374–1382
 
 
 
Ahmad
1383–1410
 
Hasan
1374
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shah Valad
1410–1411
 
Tandura Khatun
 
 
 
Al'a od-Dowleh
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mahmud
1411–1415
 
Uvais II
1415–1421
 
Mohammed
1421–1422
 
Husain II
1424–1432
 
 
 
 

See also

References

  1. Jackson, edited by Peter; Lockhart, the late Laurence (1986). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6: The Timurid and Safavid periods (Repr ed.). Cambridge: New York. p. 978. ISBN 0521200946.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Broadbridge, Anne F. Kingship and Ideology in the Islamic and Mongol Worlds, (Cambridge University Press, 2008), 157.
  3. Bayne Fisher, William. The Cambridge History of Iran, p.3: "From then until Timur's invasion of the country, Iran was under the rule of various rival petty princes of whom henceforth only the Jalairids could claim Mongol lineage"
  4. The History Files Rulers of Persia
  5. Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys Series; ISBN 0-7486-2137-7, 978-0-7486-2137-8


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.