Jafar Sultan revolt

Part of Kurdish separatism in Iran

Date	Autumn 1931^[1]^[2]
Location	Hewraman, North-Western Iran
Result	Revolt suppressed

Belligerents

Jafar Sultan's Kurdish rebels

Iran

Commanders and leaders

Jafar Sultan

Kurdish separatism in Iran
Armed conflict 1st Simko 2nd Simko Jafar Sultan Hama Rashid Republic of Mahabad 1946 Crisis 1967 revolt 1979 rebellion KDPI insurgency PJAK insurrection 2016 West Iran clashes Riots and protests February 1999 Kurdish protests Mahabad riots

The Jafar Sultan revolt (Kurdish: شۆڕشی جافر سان، Persian: شورش جعفر سلطان) refers to a Kurdish tribal revolt in Pahlavi Iran which erupted in 1931,^[1] and was one of the early tribal-nationalist Kurdish revolts against central Iranian rule during the early stage of Kurdish separatism in Iran.

Background

Jafar Sultan of Hewraman region took control of the area between Marivan and north of Halabja and remained independent until 1925. From 1927-34 a number of Kurdish tribal uprisings erupted in the Hewraman and Meriwan regions.^[3] In 1926 Iranian forces fighting insurgents in the Pizhdar, Hewraman and Meriwan areas executed all prisoners in an unprecedented act of brutality, likely among the factors that caused 31 Kurdish chieftains in the region to ask for British protection.^[3]

Revolt

Despite attempts to place him under central rule, Jafar Sultan revolted in 1929, but it was effectively crushed.

References

1 2 Berch Berberoglu. Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability. p86.
↑ Gérard Chaliand. A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. p105,249.
1 2 David McDowall. A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition. p225.

List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
1910s	World War I Middle Eastern theatre Arab Revolt Armenian Genocide Assyrian genocide Unification of Saudi Arabia Simko Shikak revolt Egyptian revolution of 1919 Turkish War of Independence Greco-Turkish War Turkish–Armenian War Franco-Turkish War Revolts Mahmud Barzanji revolts
1920s	Franco-Syrian War Iraqi revolt against the British Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine Adwan Rebellion Arab separatism in Khuzestan Great Syrian Revolt Sheikh Said rebellion 1921 Persian coup d'état
1930s	Ararat rebellion Ahmed Barzani revolt Simele massacre Saudi–Yemeni War (1934) Goharshad Mosque rebellion 1935–36 Iraqi Shia revolts 1935 Yazidi revolt Dersim rebellion
1940s	World War II Italian bombing of Palestine Anglo-Iraqi War Syria–Lebanon Campaign Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 1943 Barzani revolt Alwaziri coup Al-Wathbah uprising Kurdish separatism in Iran Iran crisis of 1946 Arab–Israeli conflict Israeli–Palestinian conflict
1950s	Egyptian revolution of 1952 1953 Iranian coup d'état Jebel Akhdar War Cypriot ethnic crisis Yemeni–Adenese clan violence 1958 Lebanon crisis 1958 Iraqi revolution 1959 Mosul uprising
1960s	Iraqi–Kurdish conflict First Iraqi-Kurdish War Dhofar Rebellion North Yemen Civil War Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup 8th March Syrian Revolution Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup Aden Emergency 1964 Hama riot 1966 Syrian coup d'état
1970s	Black September in Jordan 1972 North Yemen–South Yemen war Turkish invasion of Cyprus Lebanese Civil War Political violence in Turkey (1976–80) Libyan–Egyptian War Islamist uprising in Syria NDF Rebellion Iranian Revolution Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution 1979 Qatif Uprising Grand Mosque seizure
1980s	Sadr uprising (1980) Iran–Iraq War 1980 Turkish coup d'état Kurdish separatism in Turkey Turkey-PKK conflict South Yemen Civil War 1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 1986 Damascus bombings Mecca massacre Abu Nidal's executions
1990s	Gulf War (1990–1991) 1991 uprisings in Iraq Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s) Yemeni Civil War (1994) Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present) Operation Desert Fox al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
2000s	Iraq War Balochi insurgency in Iran 2004 al-Qamishli riots Houthi insurgency in Yemen Iran–Israel proxy conflict 2006 Lebanon conflict Fatah–Hamas conflict Nahr al-Bared fighting 2008 conflict in Lebanon South Yemen insurgency 2009–10 Iranian election protests
2010s	Bahraini uprising Egyptian Crisis Sinai insurgency Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) Syrian Civil War Syrian War spillover in Lebanon Iraqi insurgency (2011–13) Iraqi Civil War (2014–present) Yemeni Crisis
This list includes post-Ottoman conflicts (after 1918) of at least 100 fatalities each Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic and conflict with +100,000 killed with bold.

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Jafar Sultan revolt

Background

Revolt

See also

References