Jackson County, Florida

Jackson County, Florida
County
Jackson County


Seal
Map of Florida highlighting Jackson County
Location in the U.S. state of Florida
Map of the United States highlighting Florida
Florida's location in the U.S.
Founded August 12, 1822
Named for Andrew Jackson
Seat Marianna
Largest city Marianna
Area
 • Total 955 sq mi (2,473 km2)
 • Land 918 sq mi (2,378 km2)
 • Water 37 sq mi (96 km2), 3.9%
Population (est.)
 • (2015) 48,599
 • Density 54/sq mi (21/km²)
Congressional district 2nd
Time zone Central: UTC-6/-5
Website www.jacksoncountyfl.net

Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 49,746.[1] Its county seat is Marianna.[2]

History

Jackson County was created by the Florida Territorial Council in 1822 out of Escambia County, along with Duval County out of St. Johns County, making them the third and fourth counties in the Territory. The county was named for Andrew Jackson, who had served as Florida's first military governor for six months in 1821.[3] Jackson County originally extended from the Choctawhatchee River on the west to the Suwannee River on the east. The county had been reduced close to its present boundaries by 1840 through the creation of new counties from its original territory. Minor adjustments to the county boundaries continued through most of the 19th century, however.[4][5][6]

There were no towns in Jackson County when it was formed. The first county court met at what was called "Robinson's Big Spring" (later called Blue Springs) in 1822 and then at the "Big Spring of the Choctawhatchee" in 1823. The following year the county court met at "Chipola Settlement" which is also known as Waddell's Mill Pond.

Marianna became the county seat, but not without controversy. It was founded by Robert Beveridge, a native of Scotland, in September 1821. The first town established in Jackson County was Webbville in January 1821. Webbville, a community of land squatters, was located 9 miles (14 km) northwest of present-day Marianna and was designated as the county seat. Webbville thrived until 1828 when Beveridge and other Marianna settlers went to Tallahassee and enticed the Florida Legislature with free land, construction of a courthouse, a public square and $500 to purchase a quarter section of land to be sold at public auction as a way to finance the new government, if the county seat was moved to Marianna.[7]

Beveridge and his supporters succeeded and Marianna became the county seat of the county justice and civil authority, even though it was never officially proclaimed the county seat. Marianna began to grow and prosper when the county government moved into the new courthouse in 1829. Webbville's prominent citizens moved to Marianna and the L&N Railroad decided to bypass the town. Webbville does not exist today.

From 1869-71, Jackson County was the center of a low-level guerrilla war known as the Jackson County War. Members of the Ku Klux Klan consisting of Confederate Army veterans assassinated over 150 Republican Party officials and prominent African-Americans as part of a successful campaign to retain white Democratic power.[8]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 955 square miles (2,470 km2), of which 918 square miles (2,380 km2) is land and 37 square miles (96 km2) (3.9%) is water.[9] Jackson County is the only county in Florida that borders both Georgia and Alabama. Jackson County is in the Central Standard Time Zone. Its eastern border with Gadsden County forms the boundary in this area between the Central Standard and Eastern Standard Time Zones.

Adjacent Counties

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18404,681—
18506,63941.8%
186010,20953.8%
18709,528−6.7%
188014,37250.8%
189017,54422.1%
190023,37733.2%
191029,82127.6%
192031,2244.7%
193031,9692.4%
194034,4287.7%
195034,6450.6%
196036,2084.5%
197034,434−4.9%
198039,15413.7%
199041,3755.7%
200046,75513.0%
201049,7466.4%
Est. 201648,229[10]−3.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]
1790-1960[12] 1900-1990[13]
1990-2000[14] 2010-2015[1]

As of the census[15] of 2000, there were 46,755 people, 16,620 households, and 11,600 families residing in the county. The population density was 51 people per square mile (20/km²). There were 19,490 housing units at an average density of 21 per square mile (8/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 72.18% White, 24.56% Black or African American, 0.77% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.61% from other races, and 1.40% from two or more races. 2.91% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 16,620 households out of which 30.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.50% were married couples living together, 14.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.20% were non-families. 27.00% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the county, the population was spread out with 22.30% under the age of 18, 9.70% from 18 to 24, 29.60% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 14.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 110.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,744, and the median income for a family was $36,404. Males had a median income of $27,138 versus $21,180 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,905. About 12.80% of families and 17.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.70% of those under age 18 and 21.00% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

Presidential elections results[16]
Year Republican Democratic Other
2016 67.38% 14,257 30.23% 6,397 2.39% 505
2012 64.00% 13,418 35.02% 7,342 0.99% 207
2008 63.47% 13,717 35.49% 7,671 1.04% 225
2004 61.20% 12,122 38.14% 7,555 0.66% 130
2000 56.06% 9,139 42.14% 6,870 1.81% 294
1996 46.34% 7,189 42.98% 6,667 10.68% 1,657
1992 45.82% 6,725 37.35% 5,482 16.82% 2,469
1988 62.20% 8,405 37.06% 5,008 0.74% 100
1984 64.70% 9,091 35.30% 4,960
1980 44.76% 6,348 53.36% 7,567 1.87% 266
1976 37.90% 4,795 60.76% 7,687 1.34% 170
1972 79.99% 8,904 19.94% 2,220 0.07% 8
1968 10.02% 1,236 20.05% 2,472 69.93% 8,622
1964 61.69% 7,064 38.31% 4,386
1960 32.23% 2,851 67.77% 5,994
1956 29.86% 2,543 70.14% 5,973
1952 29.53% 2,398 70.47% 5,722
1948 11.27% 648 55.11% 3,169 33.62% 1,933
1944 17.03% 951 82.97% 4,633
1940 13.38% 866 86.62% 5,607
1936 8.54% 351 91.46% 3,757
1932 11.03% 599 88.97% 4,832
1928 35.43% 1,398 63.76% 2,516 0.81% 32
1924 14.59% 320 80.76% 1,771 4.65% 102
1920 16.37% 508 78.70% 2,443 4.93% 153
1916 16.53% 410 79.60% 1,975 3.87% 96
1912 9.61% 163 71.01% 1,205 19.39% 329
1908 20.90% 353 66.43% 1,122 12.67% 214
1904 20.47% 354 68.59% 1,186 10.93% 189

Education

The Jackson County School Board operates public schools in the county. Jackson County is also home to Baptist College of Florida, an institution of higher education in Graceville affiliated with the Florida Baptist Convention,[17] and Chipola College, a state college in Marianna.

Libraries

The Jackson County Public Library System has two branches. Jackson County is also a part of the Panhandle Public Library Cooperative System. The PPLC also includes Holmes, Calhoun, and Washington counties.

Government and infrastructure

The Florida Department of Corrections operates Region I - Correctional Facility Office in an unincorporated area in Jackson County.[18]

The Florida Department of Juvenile Justice Dozier School for Boys was located in Marianna. Sheriff Louis Roberts is the Sheriff of Jackson County and serves a population in over 955 square miles of area.

Jackson County Fire Rescue provides EMS and Fire Services with over 30 to 35 personnel.

Transportation

Airports

Jackson County's main airport is Marianna Municipal Airport, originally known as the Graham Air Base. Local and private airports also exist throughout the county.

Major highways

The sign for Jackson County on U.S. Route 90

Railroads

Jackson County has at least two existing railroad lines. The primary one is the CSX P&A Subdivision, a line formerly owned by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad that served Amtrak's Sunset Limited until it was truncated to New Orleans in 2005 by Hurricane Katrina. Another one is the Bay Line Railroad, a line that was originally the Atlanta and St. Andrews Bay Railway main line, and runs along US 231 from Panama City through Campbellton. The lines contain a junction with each other in Cottondale. Other lines within the county were abandoned.

Communities

Cities

Towns

Unincorporated communities

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ↑ Publications of the Florida Historical Society. Florida Historical Society. 1908. p. 32.
  4. ↑ Jackson County Information - accessed February 10, 2008
  5. ↑ Encyclopedia Americana - Jackson, Andrew - accessed February 10, 2008
  6. ↑ Fernald, Edward A. (1981) Atlas of Florida. The Florida State University Foundation, Inc. ISBN 0-9606708-0-7
  7. ↑ Robin Gaby Fisher, ‎Michael O'McCarthy, ‎Robert W. Straley, The Boys of the Dark: A Story of Betrayal and Redemption in the Deep South (2010), p. 53.
  8. ↑ Weitz, Seth. "Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost Cause and Political Immorality in Florida, 1885-1968." In The Historian, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Spring 2009), pg. 83.
  9. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  10. ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  11. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  12. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  13. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  15. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  16. ↑ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS
  17. ↑ "Baptist College of Florida Official Website". Baptist College of Florida. Retrieved 2017-03-05.
  18. ↑ "Region I - Correctional Facility Office." Florida Department of Corrections. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.

Further reading

Government links/Constitutional offices

Special districts

Judicial branch

Coordinates: 30°48′N 85°13′W / 30.80°N 85.21°W / 30.80; -85.21

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