Jacinta and Francisco Marto

Saints Francisco and Jacinta Marto
Photograph of Francisco and Jacinta
Born	11 June 1908 (Francisco) 11 March 1910 (Jacinta) Aljustrel, Fátima, Ourém, Portugal
Died	4 April 1919(1919-04-04) (aged 10) Aljustrel, Fátima, Portugal (Francisco) 20 February 1920(1920-02-20) (aged 9) Lisbon, Portugal (Jacinta)
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church
Beatified	13 May 2000, Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary, Fátima, Portugal by Pope John Paul II
Canonized	13 May 2017, Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary, Fátima, Portugal by Pope Francis
Major shrine	Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary, Fátima, Portugal
Feast	20 February
Patronage	Bodily ills Portuguese children Captives People ridiculed for their piety Prisoners Sick people Against sickness

Saint Francisco de Jesus Marto (11 June 1908 – 4 April 1919), his sister Saint Jacinta de Jesus Marto (11 March 1910 – 20 February 1920) and their cousin Lúcia Santos (1907–2005) were children from Aljustrel, a small hamlet near Fátima, Portugal, who witnessed three apparitions of the Angel of Peace in 1916 and several apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Cova da Iria in 1917. The title Our Lady of Fátima was given to the Virgin Mary as a result, and the Sanctuary of Fátima became a major centre of world Christian pilgrimage. The two were solemnly canonized by Pope Francis at the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima, in Portugal on 13 May 2017, the first centennial of the first Apparition of Our Lady of Fátima.

Life

Francisco Marto

The youngest children of Manuel and Olimpia Marto, Francisco and Jacinta were typical of Portuguese village children of that time. They were illiterate^[1][2] but had a rich oral tradition.

According to the memoirs of their cousin Lúcia Santos, Francisco had a placid disposition, was somewhat musically inclined, and liked to be by himself to think. Jacinta was affectionate if a bit spoiled. She had a sweet singing voice and a gift for dancing. Following their experiences, their fundamental personalities remained the same. Francisco preferred to pray alone, saying that this would "console Jesus for the sins of the world". Jacinta said she was deeply affected by a terrifying vision of Hell shown to the children at the third apparition, and deeply convinced of the need to save sinners through penance and sacrifice as the Virgin had told the children to do. All three children, but particularly Francisco and Jacinta, practised stringent self-mortifications to this end.^[3] The Congregation for the Causes of Saints, in the report that confirmed Jacinta as beatified, observed that she seemed to have "an insatiable hunger for immolation."^[4]

Apparitions

The brother and sister, who tended to their families’ sheep with their cousin Lúcia in the fields of Fátima, Portugal, are said to have witnessed several apparitions of an angel in 1916. Lúcia later recorded the words of several prayers she said they learned from this angel.^[2]

Lúcia wrote in her memoirs that she and her cousins saw the first apparition of Mary on 13 May 1917. At the time of the apparition, Francisco was 9 years old, and Jacinta was 7.^[5]

During the first apparition, Mary is said to have asked the three children to say the Rosary and to make sacrifices, offering them for the conversion of sinners.^[6] She also asked them to return to that spot on the thirteenth of each month for the next six months.^[7]

Illness and death

The siblings were victims of the great 1918 influenza epidemic that swept through Europe that year. In October 1918, Jacinta told Lucia that Mary had appeared to her and promised to take them to heaven soon.^[6] Both lingered for many months, insisting on walking to church to make Eucharistic devotions and prostrating themselves to pray for hours, kneeling with their heads on the ground as they said the angel had instructed them to do.^[5]

From left to right: Jacinta Marto, Lúcia dos Santos and Francisco Marto, holding their rosaries in 1917.

Francisco declined hospital treatment on 3 April 1919, and died at home the next day. Jacinta was moved from one hospital to another in an attempt to save her life, which she insisted was futile. She developed purulent pleurisy and endured an operation in which two of her ribs were removed. Because of the condition of her heart, she could not be fully anesthetized, and suffered terrible pain, which she said would help to convert many sinners. On 19 February 1920, Jacinta asked the hospital chaplain who heard her confession to bring her Holy Communion and administer Extreme Unction because she was going to die "the next night". He told her that her condition was not that serious and that he would return the next day. The next day Jacinta was dead; she had died, as she had often said she would, alone.^[8]

In 1920, shortly before her death at age nine, Jacinta Marto reportedly discussed the Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary with a then 12-year-old Lúcia Santos and said:

When you are to say this, don't go and hide. Tell everybody that God grants us graces through the Immaculate Heart of Mary; that people are to ask her for them; and that the Heart of Jesus wants the Immaculate Heart of Mary to be venerated at his side. Tell them also to pray to the Immaculate Heart of Mary for peace, since God entrusted it to her.^[9]

Jacinta and Francisco are both buried at the Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary of Fátima.^[10]

Beatification and canonization

Jacinta and Francisco Marto's tombs in Fátima, Portugal.

The cause for the siblings' canonization began in 1946.^[5] Exhumed in 1935, Jacinta's face was found incorrupt;^[11][12] Francisco's had decomposed. By 1951, when she was again exhumed for her reburial in the Basilica, Jacinta had begun to decompose also.^[13]

In 1937 Pope Pius XI decided that causes for minors should not be accepted as they could not fully understand heroic virtue or practice it repeatedly, both of which are essential for canonization. For the next four decades, no sainthood processes for children were pursued. In 1979 the bishop of Leiria-Fátima asked all the world's bishops to write to the Pope, petitioning him to make an exception for Francisco, who had died at age 10, and Jacinta, who had died at age 9. More than 300 bishops sent letters to the Pope, writing that “the children were known, admired and attracted people to the way of sanctity. Favors were received through their intercession.” The bishops also said that the children's canonization was a pastoral necessity for the children and teenagers of the day.^[14]

In 1979 the Congregation for the Causes of Saints convened a general assembly. Cardinals, bishops, theologians and other experts debated whether it was possible for children to display heroic virtue. Eventually, they decided that, like the very few children who have a genius for music or mathematics, "in some supernatural way, some children could be spiritual prodigies." They were declared venerable by Pope John Paul II in 1989.^[14] Pope John Paul II was regarded by many as operating a "saint factory."^[15]

On 13 May, 2000, they were declared "blessed" in a decree from the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. Jacinta is the youngest non-martyred child ever to be beatified.^[6]

Canonization of Jacinta and Francisco Marto by Pope Francis, at the Sanctuary of Fátima on 13 May 2017.

In her biography of Jacinta Marto, Sister Lúcia said that Jacinta had told her of having had many personal visions outside of the Marian visitations; one involved a pope who prayed alone in a room while people outside shouted ugly things and threw rocks through the window. At another time, Jacinta said she saw a pope who had gathered a huge number of people together to pray to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.

When Pope John Paul II arrived in Fátima for the first time, in 1982, he said that he had come "because, on this exact date last year in St. Peter's Square, in Rome, there was an attempt on the life of your Pope, which mysteriously coincided with the anniversary of the first vision at Fátima, that of 13 May 1917. The coincidence of these dates was so great that it seemed to be a special invitation for me to come here."^[14]

Sister Lúcia, when questioned about the Third Secret, said that the three of them had been very sad about the suffering of the Pope, and that Jacinta kept saying: Coitadinho do Santo Padre, tenho muita pena dos pecadores! ("Poor Holy Father, I feel a lot of pity for the sinners!")

Another miracle was found to have been attributed to their intercession and the process that investigated the presumed miracle was validated on 8 February 2013. On 23 March 2017, it was announced that Pope Francis would canonize them while visiting Portugal on 12 and 13 May.^[16] The pope solemnly canonized the children on 13 May 2017 during the centennial of the first apparition.^[17] They are the Catholic Church's youngest saints who did not die as martyrs, with Jacinta the youngest.^[18][19][20]

See also

• Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima
• Cova da Iria

References

External links

• Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima – Official website
• The Chapel of the Apparitions – Online transmissions
• Pilgrims of Fátima – Official website
• Pope John Paul II: Homily on the beatification of Francisco and Jacinta and Marto, 13th May, 2000
• Blessed Jacinta Marto at Find a Grave
• Blessed Francisco Marto at Find a Grave
• EWTN: The Children of Fátima: the Mother of God appeared six times to three little shepherds.
• Sister Lúcia wrote detailed accounts or "memoirs" of her cousins for their canonization process, later adding a detailed account of the Marian apparitions and information about her family. All memoirs are available for free online in English language as Fátima in Lúcia’s own words.