Jómsvíkinga saga

Storm in Hjørungavåg by Gerhard Munthe

The Jómsvíkinga saga (Saga of the Jomsvikings) is a medieval Icelandic saga composed by an anonymous Icelander. The Saga was composed in Iceland during the 13th century. It exists in several manuscripts which vary from each other. There are many different versions and translations of the saga.[1] [2]

The Jómsvíkinga saga tells the story of the founding of Jómsborg (Jomsborg), a typical market town in the 13th century, also known as Willon, off of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea by the legendary Danish chieftain Pálna-Tóki (Palnatoke). Jómsborg's name is composed of two elements: the Old Norse term borg, meaning a citadel, and the unidentified term, Jóm. The Jómsvíkinga saga is centered around the tensions between Haraldr Gormsson of Denmark, Hákon Sigurōarson of Norway, and the Jómsvíkings. The Jómsvíkings challenged royal authority in the midst of a power struggle between Denmark and Norway. In order to better understand the Jómsvíkinga saga, it is important to understand the relationship between Denmark and Norway around this time. In addition to founding Jómsborg, Pálna-Tóki founded the brotherhood of Jómsvíkings. The saga describes the brotherhood and the laws of the Jómsvíkings (Jomsvikings). It also mentions their defeat during the semi-legendary naval Battle of Hjörungavágr in 986. This battle occurred between the Jarls of Lade and the Danish invasion fleet of King Harald Bluetooth of Denmark. Jómsvíking chieftain, Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson, led the Jómsvíkings in an effort to depose Jarl Haakon Sigurdsson, vassal ruler of Norway.[3] The Jómsvíkings lived monastically and primarily in the Baltic region. The only things that are proven to have existed that were mentioned in the Jómsvíkinga saga are many of the main characters (excluding Pálna-Tóki), the Battle of Hjörungavágr, and the existence of Jómsborg. Aside from those things, the rest is an unsolved mystery.

There are five versions of the Jómsvíkinga saga that have been recovered over the years. The first, MS AM.291, is an incomplete manuscript written by an Icelander in the late thirteenth century. The second, MS AM.510, was written in the fifteenth century and contains much more information than the other versions. The third, Codex Holmanius 7, written in the fourteenth century, is shorter than the other versions and gives a brief summary of the saga. The fourth, Flateyjarbók, is a combination of the Jómsvíking saga and the Greater saga of Óláfr Tryggvason. Lastly, the fifth version, was a Latin translation of Arngrímr Jónsson written in the year 1592.[4]

Historians have found it difficult to classify the Jómsvíkinga saga among the Old Norse sagas. It is sometimes counted among the Kings' sagas based principally upon the association with Danish kings. Both the Kings' sagas and the Jómsvíkinga saga can be looked at through a political lens. History and fantasy in Jómsvíkinga saga in The Fantastic in Old Norse/Icelandic Literature: Preprint Papers of the 13th International Saga Conference (Durham: Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2006) [5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gabriel Turville-Petre, Sigurð Nordal (1962). "Jómsvíkinga Saga The Saga of the Jomsvikings" (PDF). Thomas Nelson and sons, Ltd. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  2. ↑ Słupecki, Leszek P. Facts and fancy in Jómsvíkinga saga in The Fantastic in Old Norse/Icelandic Literature: Preprint Papers of the 13th International Saga Conference (Durham: Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2006)
  3. ↑ Sirpa Aalto. "Jómsvíkinga Saga as a Part of Old Norse Historiography" (PDF). University of Oulu. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  4. ↑ N.F. Blake. The Saga of the Jómsvíkings. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.
  5. ↑ Alison Finlay. "Jómsvíkinga Saga and Genre" (PDF). Birkbeck College. Retrieved October 23, 2015.

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