Lada Izhevsk

Lada Izhevsk
Formerly called
 IzhAvto
Public Joint Stock Company
Industry Automotive
Founded 1965
Headquarters Izhevsk, Russia
Parent AvtoVAZ
Website www.izh-auto.ru

Lada Izhevsk is a subsidiary of the carmaking company AvtoVAZ based in Izhevsk, Russia. It was formerly a subsidiary of Izmash under the IzhAvto brand, and manufactured both motorcycles and automobiles.[1] The company was given its current name in 2017.[2]

History

IzhAvto headquarters

IZh first proposed an automobile in 1958, with a prototype four-wheel drive for rural use, the NAMI 048 Ogonyok. It used a GAZ chassis and a 750 cc (46 cu in) flat-twin engine based on the Ural M72.[3] It was not produced in quantity.[3]

The Izhevsk car factory was established in 1965 with French automaker Renault as the main contractor.[4] The company started on 12 December 1966 with assembling copies of Moskvitch models 408 (as the IZh 408) with parts shipped in.[5] By he end of the year, 300 had been completed, with the number reaching 4,000 by December 1967.[5] In December 1967, the Moskvitch 412 replaced the 408 on the assembly line (as the IZh 412).[3] This was joined by the 434 sedan delivery in 1968,[5] and later by the AZLK-2138 and 2140, until the IZh-2126 Oda (liftback and wagon, the second body style marked as Fabula). The Oda bore a very close resemblance to the Moskvitch AZLK-2141 Aleko, but had a completely different rear-wheel drive design.

Styling began to diverge from the AZLK originals beginning in 1970, when IZh kept two round headlamps instead of adopting Moskvitch's rectangular ones, and got a different grille.[5] In 1971, the IZh-built 412 was redesignated 412IE.[5] The IZh-built 412s had a reputation for being better quality than the Moskvitch originals.[6]

In 1970, IZh designed a prototype five-door hatchback (with the same high liftover) and a delivery on the 412 platform.[5] The delivery in 1972 became the IZh 2715; it was powered by a 1,478 cc (90.2 cu in) inline four, had twin rear doors and a box-like cargo area (akin to a cube van[7] ) and could carry a 350 kg (770 lb) load.[5] It and a pickup (what hot rodders would call a pickoupe),[7] announced as the 27151 in 1974, were very popular, both officially in production until 1997, with the final examples built as late as 2001.[5] Pickups were occasionally bought as far away as South America and South Africa, but were forbidden to private owners in the Soviet Union.[5] The 2715 delivery was used by the Soviet post office.[7] A windowed version with rear bed seats, the 27156, appeared in 1987.[7] Top speed was 109 km/h (68 mph) and "roadholding on wet and slippery roads rather minimal".[7] The hatchback reached the market in 1975 as the 2125 Kombi, and it gave IZh another winning model.[8]

IZh produced its one millionth unit in 1977.[9]

AZLK 412-based IZh models, which were completely IZh own designs were 2715, 27151, 2125 and 21251. 2125 was built until 1982, when it was facelifted along with IZh 412 IE, 2715 and 27121. The newer version of 2125 was named 21251. All of the IZh own models were based on AZLK 412 and the bodyshell(with the exception of the rear part, which were different on 2715/27151 and 2125/21251) along with mechanical parts were direct copies of AZLK 412.

Between 1973 and 1979 IZh was one of the makes marketed by SATRA in the United Kingdom under the Cossack Motorcycles brand; the Planeta and Jupiter models.[10]

Post-Soviet era

IzhAvto in 2010

In the 1990s production declined due to a lack of financing and improper managerial practices, and by 1999 the plant was producing less than 10,000 vehicles a year.[11] The company became an independent subsidiary of the weapons manufacturer Izhmash in 1996, when it was established as a separate company named DAO "Izhmash-Avto".[12] It was ultimately acquired by the SOK Group in 2000.[11] By 2003, the plant produced 94,200 cars including the Zhiguli and the Lada Oda.[13] The Kia Spectra sedan was produced for the Korean carmaker under a 2005 partnership agreement.[14] IzhAvto filed for bankruptcy in 2009.[15]

Recent developments

Since its acquisition by AvtoVAZ in 2010,[16] the plant has produced Nissan and Lada models, including Lada Granta, Nissan Sentra and Nissan Tiida.[17] The plant is also one of the production sites of the Lada Vesta, which debuted in 2015.[18] The decision to manufacture the Vesta in Izhevsk was taken by former AvtoVAZ CEO Bo Andersson, due to a higher perceived quality of production in the plant, compared to the group's main factory in Tolyatti.[19]

Motorcycle production

The first IZh motorcycle was 1928's IZh 1, a 1200cc across-the-frame V-twin with shaft drive, designed by the Soviet engineer Pyotr Vladimirovich Mokharov (1888–1934). They "owed a little" to contemporary DKWs.[20] In the 1970s and 1980s, these motorcycles were sold in Britain under the Cossack and Neval brands.[3] The company was the largest Soviet motorcycle maker.[3]

References

  1. ↑ "AvtoVAZ to Acquire Izhavto". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  2. ↑ "Автозавод Группы АВТОВАЗ в Удмуртии переименован в ООО ЛАДА Ижевск - Пресс-релизы - Новости - Официальный сайт LADA". Lada.ru. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Thompson, p.180.
  4. ↑ "Giving Ailing Izhmash-Avto a New Lease on Life". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Thompson, p.181.
  6. ↑ Thompson, p.183 caption and p.185.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Thompson, p.182.
  8. ↑ Thompson, p.183.
  9. ↑ Thompson, p.185.
  10. ↑ Archived 25 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  11. 1 2 Russia Automobile Industry Directory - Strategic Information and Contacts. IBP. p. 141. ISBN 9781438740249.
  12. ↑ "История российского автопрома: «ИжАвто»". ZR.ru. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  13. ↑ Chivers, C. J. (15 November 2004). "Workers Feel the Growing Pains of Russia's Auto Industry". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  14. ↑ "KIA Begins Making Spectra Sedans in Russia". NewsOn6. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  15. ↑ "IzhAvto Begins Bankruptcy Procedure". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  16. ↑ "Russia's Avtovaz to buy smaller rival Izhavto". Reuters. 17 December 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  17. ↑ "Lada Izhevsk: 100,000 Lada Granta Lift-backs - Automotive World". Automotive World. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  18. ↑ "The conveyor of LADA Izhevsk produced the 15,000th LADA Vesta". Autostat.ru.
  19. ↑ "A Foreigner With No Friends: Bo Andersson Pushed From Russia's AvtoVAZ". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  20. ↑ Thompson, Andy. Cars of the Soviet Union (Haynes Publishing, Somerset, UK, 2008), p.180.
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