Iwaki, Fukushima

Iwaki いわき市
Core city
Top: Iwaki Yumoto Onsen, Aquamarine Fukushima Middle: Iwaki Velodrome, Iwaki Green Stadium Bottom: Spa Resort Hawaiian, Iwaki Marine Tower
Flag Seal
Location of Iwaki in Fukushima Prefecture
Iwaki
Coordinates: 37°3′1.8″N 140°53′15.8″E / 37.050500°N 140.887722°E / 37.050500; 140.887722Coordinates: 37°3′1.8″N 140°53′15.8″E / 37.050500°N 140.887722°E / 37.050500; 140.887722
Country	Japan
Region	Tōhoku
Prefecture	Fukushima Prefecture
Government
• - Mayor	Toshio Shimizu (since September 2013)
Area
• Total	1,231.35 km2 (475.43 sq mi)
Population (February 2015)
• Total	325,914
• Density	265/km2 (690/sq mi)
Time zone	Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)
- Tree	Japanese Black Pine
- Flower	Azalea
- Bird	Seagull
- Fish	Greeneyes
Phone number	024-622-1111
Address	21 Umemoto, Taira, Iwaki-shi, Fukushima-ken 970-8686
Website	www.city.iwaki.fukushima.jp

Iwaki (いわき市, Iwaki-shi) is a city located in the southern part of the Hamadōri coastal region of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

A designated core city, Iwaki is also one of the growing number of hiragana cities. Its total area is 1,231.35 km²,^[1] making it the 10th largest city in Japan (2010). Its estimated population as of May 2011 is 337,288,^[2] making it the biggest city of the prefecture. Iwaki has a population density of 270 persons per km².

The present "Iwaki City" started as the merger of 14 municipalities on October 1, 1966. The city was the third hiragana city, following Chino, Nagano and Mutsu, Aomori. The area was the largest in Japan at the time. The city works as an industrial hub of Tōhoku region, and is rich in sightseeing resources. As of 2005, about 7.6 million sightseers visit the city a year. Every year Iwaki hosts the Taira Tanabata Festival from 6–8 August.^[3]

History

The forms いわき, 石城, 岩城, 巖城, 巌城, and 磐城 are all ways of writing "Iwaki," which means "rocky castle". Today, いわき is the most common written form.

Under the Taika Reform of 645 AD, the central government formed "Iwaki district (磐城郡)" in the northern part of the present city and "Kikuta district (菊多郡)" in the southern part.^[4] In 653, the Iwaki district incorporated part of Taga Province and became Iwaki district(岩城評).^[4] In 718, Iwaki Province was formed, which was composed of five districts with Mutsu Province: Iwaki (岩城), Shineha, Namekata, Uta, Watari and Kikuta which was given from Hitachi Province. Shineha was the present Naraha. Namekata and Uta were the present Soma. Watari was the present Watari, Miyagi. The area of the present Iwaki City was composed of Kikuta and Iwaki (岩城 or 磐城).^[4]

Iwaki's origin dates back to 708 AD, during the Nara period. The Yamato government constructed the Nakoso barrier against possible invasion by the Emishi tribes in the north.^[5]

In the late 11th century, the Iwaki clan (岩城氏) of Hitachi Province invaded Iwaki district (磐城郡) and divided it into four districts of Yoshima, Iwasaki, Iwaki, Naraha. The clan made Iwaki district its headquarters and ruled the area from the Kamakura period to the end of the Sengoku period.

In 1600, Iwaki Sadataka (岩城貞隆) opposed Tokugawa Ieyasu during the Battle of Sekigahara and as a result, the Iwaki clan was deposed. Torii Tadamasa was appointed as daimyo of Iwakitaira Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate, with an income assessed at 100,000 koku.^[4]

In 1603 Edo period, Torii Tadamasa started to construct Iwakitaira Castle in Taira. Other feudal domains, Izumi Domain (1634) and Yunagaya Domain (1670), were also created within the boundaries of the present day city of Iwaki. All of these domains joined the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei during the Bakumatsu period in support of the Tokugawa against the Satcho Alliance during the Boshin War, but following the Meiji restoration, all of the daimyo were dispossessed in 1871 with the Abolition of the han system. The new Meiji government created Iwakitaira Prefecture, Yunagaya Prefecture and Izumi Prefecture, which were incorporated to Iwamae (Iwasaki) Prefecture (磐前県) and to the current Fukushima Prefecture (1876).^[4] In 1896, Iwaki Bank and Taira Bank were established.

In 1897, the Japanese Government Railway filled in the inner moat of Iwakidaira Castle and made Taira Station. Jōban coalfield, the largest coalfield in Honshū and the nearest to the Japanese capital Tokyo, was developed, and the population of Taira increased to support the exploitation of the coalfield. The Jōban Line was made for the haulage of the coal. Iwaki's fishery, forestry and agricultural sectors also developed from this time.^[5] After World War II, the Jōban coalfield was closed. The same natural hot springs that were troublesome to the coal miners were put to good use and a hot springs resort was developed Spa Resort Hawaiians.

The present city was incorporated on October 1, 1966, with the merger of 14 municipalities (5 cities, 4 towns and 5 villages). The cities were Taira (平), Uchigō (内郷), Iwaki (磐城), Nakoso (勿来), and Jōban (常磐); the towns, Yotsukura, (四倉) Tōno (遠野), Ogawa (小川) and Hisanohama (久之浜); and the five villages were Yoshima (好間), Miwa (三和), Tabito (田人), Kawamae (川前) and Ōhisa (大久).^[4] Taira was chosen as the location for City Hall and other administrative offices and continues to function as the centre of Iwaki. In April 1979, an "Iwaki Number" as an automobile number plate was introduced.

On April 1, 1999, the city was designated a core city.

Geography and climate

The city is located at the southern end of Tōhoku region and close to Ibaraki Prefecture, (37°01′N 140°32′E / 37.02°N 140.53°E / 37.02; 140.53). The city covers a total area of 1,231.35 km², making it the largest city in Fukushima Prefecture and the tenth largest in Japan. The city occupies around 8.9 percent of the total area of Fukushima Prefecture.

The eastern part of the city is made up of 60 kilometres of coastline which faces the Pacific Ocean and the western part goes through the Abukuma highlands and joins up with the central part of Fukushima Prefecture. The western part is a range of mountains and forests, occupies about 70 percent of the city. The rivers which flow to the east from the mountains have riverbeds with steep inclines which form the deep valleys of the Natsuigawa Gorge and the Shidokigawa Gorge. The flatter eastern part of the city is where most of the population is located. There are seven beaches on the coastline. Off the coast of Iwaki the Kuroshio Current(warm) and the Oyashio Current(cold) meet and make for an abundant fishing ground. The prevailing winds from the ocean are warm and wet.

Neighboring municipalities

• North: Kawauchi, Naraha, Hirono
• West: Tamura, Ono, Hirata, Furudono
• South: Kitaibaraki (Ibaraki)

Climate

Iwaki is situated in a temperate climate zone (Köppen climate classification Cfa) and has a moderate climate. The city's average temperature is 13.1 °C (55.6 °F) and its average annual precipitation is 1,383.0 mm. The highest recorded temperature in the city is 37.7 °C (99.9 °F), and the lowest recorded temperature is -10.7 °C (12.7 °F). The average year has 14.4 days with a high temperature over 25 °C and only 3.1 days with a low temperature below 0 °C, which is smaller compared to other Japanese cities. The city is rarely hit by typhoons, and experiences only 0.7 days with more than 10 cm of snowfall in the average year. The duration of bright sunshine is 2058.1 hours in average year.^[6]

Natural environment

• Rivers: Natsuigawa River, Samegawa River, Yoshimagawa River, Fujiwara River
• Gorges: Natsuigawa Gorge, Shidokigawa Gorge
• Mountains: Mizuishiyama, Yunodake, Futatsuyasan, Ishimoriyama
• Hot springs： Iwaki Yumoto Onsen

Subdivisions

The central area of Iwaki is the former city of Taira, which has Iwaki City Hall, Iwaki City Lyceum, Iwaki Station, etc. Iwaki is a decentralized city and consists of several other urban areas including Onahama and Yumoto, which were previously independent cities, towns or villages.

Yumoto is home to Iwaki Yumoto Onsen, one of the oldest onsen in Japan, with many ryokan hotels. It is also home to Spa Resort Hawaiians, a spa resort which draws 1.5 million visitors per year and was the subject of the 2006 movie Hula Girls.

Onahama is a port town where many factories, fisheries and port facilities are located. There is also an aquarium, some beaches and seaside restaurants.

Izumi is a residential area. Ueda, Nakoso, Uchigō, Yotsukura and other areas are more rural.

There are thirteen zones (hamlets or 大字 (ooaza)) within the city.^[8]

Demographics

As of October 1, 2007, Iwaki had an estimated population of 350,119, giving a population density of 284.33 persons per km². Iwaki is the second most populous city in the Tōhoku region, following Sendai, and the 59th most populous nationwide. The conurbation is the third biggest in the prefecture, following Kōriyama and Fukushima.

As of 2007, Iwaki City has 130,814 households. The average household has approximately 2.67 members. The number of males is 169,932 and the number of females is 180,187. The city has many people in their 50s and in their 40s compared to other age groups. The average age in Iwaki is 44.31.

Zone	Population	Households	Area (km²)	Population density (/km²)
Taira	99,901	38,685	109.88	909.18
Onahama	77,857	29,182	87.64	888.37
Nakoso	51,783	18,651	104.74	494.39
Jōban	35,904	13,550	48.23	744.43
Uchigō	28,214	11,462	31.62	892.28
Yotsukura	15,686	5,284	63.73	246.13
Tōno	6,404	1,913	104.53	61.26
Ogawa	7,567	2,481	112.49	67.26
Yoshima	13,597	5,319	26.69	509.44
Miwa	3,676	1,107	214.90	17.10
Tabito	2,117	713	158.07	13.39
Kawamae	1,448	509	116.44	12.43
Hisanohama, Ōhisa	5,965	1,958	52.38	113.87
Total	350,119	130,814	1,231.34	284.33

As of October 1, 2007 ^[9]

Economy

The main foundations of economy are industry and agriculture. In particular, Iwaki is a centre for manufacturing machinery, wood based products and chemicals. The industrial production of Iwaki City is no.1 in Tōhoku region. Iwaki is rich in sightseeing resources and 7.64 million tourists visit annually. Within Fukushima prefecture, the industrial and sightseeing center is Iwaki, while the political center is Fukushima city.

Statistics (2006)^[10]

• Employed population: 174,048
• Unemployed population: 121,802
• Gross production: ¥1,293,782 billion
• Number of tourists: 7,639,296

Major companies

Major companies with head offices in Iwaki

Major companies with factories in Iwaki

Banks

(As of 2007)

Fisheries

Fishery: 75,628t (2003)

Import and export

Onahama Port (2003)

Import: 5,133,727t

Export: 514,045t

Transportation

Surrounded by the ocean and mountains, Iwaki is more closely connected to Mito in neighboring Ibaraki Prefecture than to Nakadōri (Kōriyama or the prefectural capital of Fukushima). Iwaki is 75 km from Kōriyama, 150 km from Sendai and 95 km from Mito. Most residents use cars to commute as Iwaki is large and urban areas are dispersed.

The Jōban Line runs north and south in the city. The central station is Iwaki station (old Taira station). The East Ban'etsu Line links to Koriyama.

Railway

Central Station: Iwaki Station

• JR East - Jōban Line
  • Nakoso - Ueda - Izumi - Yumoto - Uchigō - Iwaki - Kusano - Yotsukura - Hisanohama - Suetsugi)
• JR East - East Ban'etsu Line
  • Iwaki - Akai - Ogawagō - Eda - Kawamae
• Fukushima Rinkai Railway Company - Fukushima Seaside Line (freight line)
  • Izumi - Onahama

¤This line carries passenger specially on the day of Onahama firework festival

Roads

• Jōban Expressway - Iwaki Nakoso - Iwaki Yumoto - Iwaki JCT - Iwaki Chūō IC - Iwaki Yotsukura
• Ban-etsu Expressway - Iwaki JCT - Iwaki Miwa
• Japan National Route 6
• Japan National Route 49
• Japan National Route 289
• Japan National Route 349
• Japan National Route 399

Bus operators

City buses

• Shin Jōban Kōtsū

Highway buses

• Shin Jōban Kōtsū
• JR Bus Tohoku
• JR Bus Kanto
• Tōbu Bus Central
• Fukushima Transportation
• Aizu Bus

Ports

• Onahama Port, designated as an important port by Japan
• Nakanosaku Port
• Ena Port
• Hisanohama Port

Airport

Fukushima Airport in Sukagawa is the nearest airport.

Sport

Iwaki-Taira Velodrome is located within the city.

Public institutions

Taira

Nakoso

• Nakoso branch office
• Iwaki Nakoso Lyceum

Uchigō

• Uchigō branch office
• Iwaki Uchigō Community Center

Onahama

• Onahama branch office
• Iwaki Onahama baseball ground
• Onahama civil pools
• Iwaki Onahama Lyceum
• Aquamarine Fukushima

Jōban (Yumoto)

• Jōban branch office
• The 21st-century forest park

Iwaki Green Stadium (capacity of 30,000)

Iwaki Green Field (soccer, rugby, football)

• Iwaki Jōban Lyceum
• Iwaki Coal and Fossils Museum

Others

Media

Television (analogue)

• NHK Fukushima and NHK series
• Fukushima Central Television (by Nittele)
• Fukushima Broadcasting (by TV Asahi)
• Fukushima Television Broadcasting (by Fuji)
• TV-U Fukushima (by TBS)

Newspapers

• Fukushima Mimpō (Fukushima, Mainichi)
  • Iwaki Mimpō
• Fukushima Min-Yū (Fukushima, Yomiuri)

Radio

• Sea Wave (cFM J-Wwave)

Education

Universities and Colleges

• Fukushima National College of Technology
• Iwaki Meisei University
• Higashi Nippon International University
• Iwaki Junior College

Senior high schools

Public (prefectural)

Private

• Iwaki Shūei High School (いわき秀英高等学校)
• Shōhei High School (東日本国際大学附属昌平高等学校)
• Iwaki First High School (磐城第一高等学校)
• Iwaki Second High School (磐城第二高等学校)

Junior high schools

Public (municipal)

Private

• Shōhei Junior High School (東日本国際大学附属昌平中学校)

Local attractions

• Iwaki Onahama Minato Oasis
  • Iwaki Sun Marina
  • Aquamarine Park
    • Aquamarine Fukushima, an aquarium
    • Iwaki La La Miu
    • Iwaki Day Crews
• Iwaki Marine Tower
• "Iwaki seven beaches"
• Shioyazaki lighthouse
  • Monuments of Misora Hibari

• Setogarō, a scenic ravine, named by Kusano Shimpei
• Iwaki Yumoto Onsen, one of the three old hot springs in Japan
• Spa Resort Hawaiians, hot spring and leisure park.
• Iwaki Coal and Fossils Museum
• Nakoso Barrier, was built against Emishi in Yamato period. "Nakoso" means "Don't come over here".
• Iwaki Ammonites Center
• Shiramizu Amidadō, Buddhist temple. National Treasures of Japan.

• Kurashi no Denshōgō, historical facility
• Iwaki Taira Keirin, cycle racetrack
• Kusano Simpei Memorial Hall

Festivals

• Jangara
• Iwaki Odori
• Onahama Firework Festival
• Taira Tanabata Festival

In popular media

• The 2006 film Hula Girls won five awards in 2007 Japan Academy Prize

Noted people from Iwaki

Mayors

• 1st Shōbē Akazu (赤津庄兵衛) 1966-
• 2nd Yaichi Ōwada (大和田弥一) 1966-
• 3rd Kanemitsu Tabata (田畑金光) 1974-
• 4th Takeo Nakata (中田武雄) 1986-
• 5th Mitsuhide Iwaki (岩城光英) 1990-
• 6th Keisuke Shike (四家啓助) 1997
• 7th Kazuo Kushida (櫛田一男) 2005-

Notable people

• Kusano Shimpei, poet; famous as "poet of frogs"
• Denmei Suzuki, actor
• Misaki Ito, actress
• Tadashi Suzuki, discovered Futabasaurus suzukii
• Ken-Ichiro Kobayashi, conductor
• Takeo Takagi, Imperial Japanese Navy Admiral
• Aya Okamoto, actress
• Noboru Kousaka, member of the House of Representatives of Japan for the Japan Socialist Party
• Rena Takeda, actress

Twinnings

Japanese sister cities

• Nobeoka, Miyazaki (since May 30, 1997); a sister city
• Yurihonjo, Akita (since August 10, 1986); a sister city. Yurihonjo City includes old Iwaki town(岩城町), who has the same name "Iwaki".

International friendship and sister cities

• Townsville, Queensland, Australia (since August 21, 1991); a friendship city
• Fushun, Liaoning Province, China (since April 15, 1982); a sister city

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Iwaki, Fukushima.

• Iwaki travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Iwaki City official website (in Japanese) (with some English pages)
• The Iwaki Minpo (evening newspaper) (in Japanese)