Island Bay, New Zealand

Island Bay
Island Bay
Basic information
Local authority Wellington City
Date established 1879
Coordinates 41°20′16″S 174°46′20″E / 41.33773°S 174.77231°E / -41.33773; 174.77231Coordinates: 41°20′16″S 174°46′20″E / 41.33773°S 174.77231°E / -41.33773; 174.77231
Population 6,951 (2006 [1])
Surrounds
North Berhampore
Northeast Melrose
East Southgate
Southeast Houghton Bay
South Cook Strait
Southwest Ōwhiro Bay
West Kingston
Northwest Mornington

Island Bay is a coastal suburb of Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, situated 5 km south of the city centre.

Island Bay lies on the bay which shares its name, one of numerous small bays off Cook Strait and west of Lyall Bay. 500m offshore in Island Bay lies Tapu Te Ranga Island, which forms a natural breakwater and provides a sheltered anchorage for local fishing boats.

Noted current Island Bay residents include Andrew Little, MP and past Leader of the Opposition, and former Mayor of Wellington, Celia Wade-Brown.[2] Former residents include Bruce Stewart, writer and dramatist at Tapu Te Ranga Marae; Middlesbrough F.C. and All Whites striker Chris Killen; artist John Drawbridge; poet Alan Brunton; writer Robin Hyde; and The Hermit of Island Bay

History

Tapu te Ranga Island is said to be Patawa, a point from which the legendary Maori chief Kupe sighted the giant octopus Te Wheke-a-Muturangi, which he pursued across Cook Strait.[3] In pre-European times, Island Bay was home to several pa, including Te Mupunga Kainga, today represented with a pou in Shorland Park.[4] A succession of iwi occupied Island Bay, including Ngai Tara, Ngati Ira.

A famous battle which took place on the beach of Island Bay has been well documented by Elsdon Best.[5] A raiding taua (war party) from Muau-poko were making their way to the Ngai Tara stronghold of Te Whetu-Kairangi, a fortifed pa on what is now Miramar peninsular (but was then an island). In the morning, Ngai Tara warriors came down from Uruhau fort (modern day Southgate) and engaged Muau-poko in battle on the beach. Two muaupoko chiefs were killed, and later cremated in Haewai (Houghton Bay).[5] This battle is commemorated with a pou on the zig-zag leading from Liffey street to Orchy crescent.[6]

During a battle in which Ngati Mutunga drove Ngati Ira from Wellington in 1827, Tamairangi, the wife of the Ngati Ira chief, is said to have sought refuge on Tapu te Ranga Island with her children, fleeing by canoe when Tapu te Ranga Island was besieged.[7] In Treaty of Waitangi settlements, both Te Atiawa and Ngati Toa have claimed tangata whenua status over Tapu te Ranga Island. Ngati Toas case was proven in the Maori Land Court[8]

In the early days of European settlement George Hunter was the chief proprietor of the Island Bay Estate, where he bred stock on his stud farm. The Island Bay portion was subdivided and auctioned in March 1879.[9] In the late 19th century, Island Bay was settled by Italian and Shetlander fishermen. In 1905, Wellington's tramline was extended to Island Bay, increasing the area's popularity, and steadily transforming it into a seaside suburb. Many Island Bay villas, bungalows and shops date from the 1920s, a period of rapid development for the area.[10] This included the subdivision of the Island Bay Racecourse which was once bounded by Clyde Street on the East and Ribble Street on the West. Many streets in Island Bay were named after British and European rivers.

Notable features

Panorama of City To Sea Walkway, showing Island Bay on the right
Panorama of view across most of residential Island Bay
Designed by John Sydney Swan and built in 1904-6, The Convent of the Sacred Heart, a Catholic girls' boarding school, was renamed Erskine College in the late 1960s after the former Superior General Mother Janet Erskine Stuart. The adjacent Erskine Chapel of the Sacred Heart, also designed by John Sydney Swan, was built in 1930 in the French Gothic style. Erskine Chapel is considered to have one of the finest chapel interiors in New Zealand, and is listed as Category I in New Zealand's Historic Places Trust.[11] The school closed in 1985 and today the complex is privately owned.[10] Erskine College was used as a location in Peter Jackson's 1996 film The Frighteners. The chapel was refurbished in 2003, and is now a popular venue for weddings and concerts.[12]
The Island Bay Marine Education Centre on the foreshore has a small aquarium and touch tank, and is open to the public on alternate Sundays.
There are four churches in Island Bay. The oldest is the Anglican church,[13] which is over 100 years old. It has a traditional brick front design, and some stained glass windows honouring the early settlers. It is named after St Hilda of Whitby, as the early settlers felt the coastline resembled Northumbria. The Baptist,[14] Catholic [15] and Presbyterian [16] churches are younger. The churches have facilities that are used for a range of community groups. Church activities include a full range of programmes for all ages, including the annual Teddy Bears' Picnic for children which forms part of the Island Bay festival.

Many local streets are named after rivers around the world, including the following:

  • Great Britain: Avon, Cam, Dee, Derwent, Dover (River Dour), Eden, Foyle, Leith, Liddel, Medway, Mersey, Severn, Tamar, Thames, Trent, Tyne, Witham and Wye.
  • Ireland: Liffey.
  • Europe: Volga, Danube, Rhine, Seine (France),Tiber (Italy) and Don (Russia)
  • New Zealand: Waikato
  • Australia: Erskine, Murray and Carlisle.
  • North America: Hudson
The Band Rotunda in Shorland Park near the waterfront was built in 1930. Plaques record the 152 local soldiers who died in World War I and World war II, and the loss of American submarines and their crew in the Pacific. In the 1930s, local brass bands and the Salvation Army frequently played in the rotunda. The rotunda is now used for occasional concerts, notably during the annual Island Bay Festival.
Two diving companies operate in Island Bay, and offer trips within the local Taputeranga Marine Reserve and to the wreck of HMNZS Wellington, a decommissioned Royal New Zealand Navy frigate which was sunk off the coast of Island Bay in November 2005 to create an artificial reef.
Shorland Park is a small public park at Island Bay Beach. The playground includes a mock wooden ship and is a favourite for children's birthday parties.
Situated in 50 acres of replanted native forest on a hill near Rhine Street, Tapu Te Ranga Marae is a living Marae and the home of Bruce Stewart. The 2500 square metre wooden house extends over 10 levels, and was built with recycled materials.
The waters surrounding Island Bay are under the protection of the Department of Conservation since the creation of the 854 hectare Taputeranga Marine Reserve in 2006. The reserve is home to kelp forests, octopuses, blue cod and banded wrasse. Dolphins and whales also frequent the area. A 200m 'snorkel trail' within the reserve starts and finishes in Island Bay.[17]
Tapu Te Ranga Motu, the island in the middle of the bay, once served as a refuge of local Maori. Tamairanga, the wife of the Ngati Ira chief Whanake, escaped to the island with her children during a battle that forced the tribe from Wellington Harbour.[10]
Victoria University of Wellington maintains an active research and teaching presence on Wellington's south coast at the Victoria University Coastal Ecology Laboratory, which overlooks the spectacular exposed rocky reef systems typical of Cook Strait.
Island Bay is the starting point for two recreational walkways that cross the city. The City to Sea Walkway runs 12km between Parliament and Island Bay through the Botanic Gardens and Aro Valley. The 11km Southern Walkway follows the Town Belt between Island Bay and Oriental Bay.

Island Bay Festival

Blessing of the Boats ceremony during the 2012 Island Bay Festival
Shorland Park band rotunda during the 2012 Island Bay Festival

The annual Island Bay Festival takes place over eight days each February. Festival highlights include:

The Blessing of the Boats is a southern Italian tradition where boats are decorated with flags and blessed by a priest to protect the crew from the sea and to bring good fortune. The ceremony has been adopted in Island Bay since 1933, when the fishing boat Santina foundered in Cook Strait, with the loss of four crew including three Italians. A chair was unveiled on 13 February 2011, during the Island Bay Festival for the crew of the Santina, presented by friends and family of the four casualties.[18]
A Soapbox derby down the steep Ribble Street attracts budding racecar drivers with Junior, Intermediate, Senior and Expert categories, the latter often reaching 65 km/h.
Participants are ferried by boat to the Island, and swim the few hundred metres back to shore.
Proceeding down The Parade to Shorland Park, the Festival Parade features a colourful 'dressing of the bicycles' competition.
On the final Sunday of the festival the younger members of the community bring their Teddy Bears for a special picnic in Shorland Park!

Arts and Culture

While living in Wellington in the 1960s, Rita Angus painted a number of scenes in Island Bay. Boats, Island Bay is one of her best-loved paintings.[19]
The art deco Empire Theatre screened films between 1925 and 1964. It was reopened as the Empire Cinema in 2005, but has since shutdown again in October 2013. It may reopen in the future [20]
Laura Garland lives in Island Bay, and paints colourful Wellington and New Zealand scenes.
Michael McCormack is an Irish-born painter who works from his studio and gallery in Island Bay, painting vivid streetscapes and coastal scenes around Wellington.
Rock frontmen Andrew Fagan of the Mockers and Jon Toogood of Shihad grew up in Island Bay. Samuel Flynn Scott, Conrad Wedde and Richie Singleton of New Zealand group The Phoenix Foundation also live in the suburb.
Alan Brunton and Sally Rodwell of the Red Mole experimental theatre group, were based in Island Bay from 1988 until Brunton's death in 2002.[21]

Schools

Island Bay School is a zoned decile 10 state primary school, teaching boys and girls from years 1 to 6. St Frances de Sales School is a Catholic decile 10 state primary school, teaching boys and girls from years 1 to 8.

References

  1. ↑ The population is the sum of the figures for the census areas of Island Bay West (Quickstats about Island Bay West) and Island Bay East (Quickstats about Island Bay East)
  2. ↑ Nichols, Lane (14 October 2010). "Capital goes green and cuddly". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  3. ↑ "The jewel that is Rat Island". Stuff.co.nz. 2009-01-28. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  4. ↑ Archived 12 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. 1 2 Best, Elsdon (1917). "The land of Tara and they who settled it". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. Volume 26: p143–169.
  6. ↑ Love, Matene. "Te ara o nga tupuna". http://www.wcl.govt.nz/. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 15 January 2017. External link in |website= (help)
  7. ↑ Robinson, J (2006), "The Battles of Tapu te Ranga" in "Southern Bays" No. 2, 2006, The Wellington Southern Bays Historical Society Inc, Wellington
  8. ↑
  9. ↑ Irvine-Smith, F.L (1948), The Streets of My City: Wellington New Zealand, AH & AW Reed, Wellington, pp.261
  10. 1 2 3 Chapman, Katie (7 January 2010). "Story of a suburb: Island Bay". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  11. ↑ "Erskine College (Former)". Register of Historic Places. Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  12. ↑ Archived 30 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
  13. ↑ Archived 17 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  14. ↑ "Home - Wellington South Baptist Church". Wsbc.org.nz. 2014-02-07. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  15. ↑ "Welcome to St Francis de Sales Catholic Parish". Homepages.paradise.net.nz. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  16. ↑ Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ↑ "Island Bay snorkel trail a first for Wellington". NewsWire.co.nz. 2011-03-23. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  18. ↑ Sims, Rowan (April 2010). "Village by the Sea" FishHead, Wellington, p50-55.
  19. ↑ "Boats, Island Bay - Rita Angus: Life and Vision - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa". Collections.tepapa.govt.nz. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  20. ↑ "To my fellow cinephiles, gelato lovers... - Empire Cinema & Cafe". Facebook. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  21. ↑ "Jacket 18 - Murray Edmond: Alan Brunton, 1946–2002: A Memoir". Jacketmagazine.com. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
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