Elisabeth of Valois

Elisabeth of Valois
Élisabeth de Valois, by Juan Pantoja de la Cruz, 1565
Queen consort of Spain
Tenure	22 June 1559 – 3 October 1568
Born	(1545-04-02)2 April 1545 Palace of Fontainebleau
Died	3 October 1568(1568-10-03) (aged 23) Royal Palace of Aranjuez
Burial	El Escorial
Spouse	Philip II of Spain
Issue	Isabella Clara Eugenia Catherine Michelle
House	Valois-Angoulême
Father	Henry II of France
Mother	Catherine de' Medici
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Elisabeth of Valois (Spanish: Isabel de Valois; French: Élisabeth de France) (2 April 1545 – 3 October 1568) was a Spanish queen consort. The eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici, she married Philip II of Spain as his third wife.

Early life

She was born in the Château de Fontainebleau. Her childhood was spent in the French royal nursery, where her father insisted she share her bedroom with her future sister-in-law, Mary, Queen of Scots, who was about three years older than Elisabeth. Even though Elisabeth had to give precedence to Mary (since Mary was already a crowned queen), the two would remain close friends for the rest of their lives. While it is acknowledged that her sister Margaret and her future sister-in-law Mary were prettier than she, she was one of Catherine's attractive daughters. Elisabeth was also described as being shy, timid and very much in awe of her formidable mother; although there is also evidence that Catherine was tender and loving toward Elisabeth. This was certainly evident in her letters to Elisabeth.

Queen of Spain

This painting by Eugène Isabey depicts Elisabeth, dressed more like a widow than a bride, swooning as she is led to the carriage that will bear her away from France to marry King Philip II of Spain.^[1] The Walters Art Museum.

Elisabeth married Philip II of Spain son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Isabella of Portugal in 1559. Originally married via proxy at Notre Dame (with the Duke of Alba standing in for Philip) prior to leaving France, the actual ceremony took place in Guadalajara, Spain, upon her arrival. The marriage was a result of the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis (1559). His second wife, Mary I of England, had recently died, making Elisabeth of Valois Philip's third wife.

At her wedding, she met the famous painter Sofonisba Anguissola and Ana de Mendoza, who would live with her the rest of her life.^[2] Phillip II appointed Anguissola, a renowned Italian female artist, to be a lady-in-waiting and court painter for his queen. Under Anguissola's tutelage, Elisabeth improved her amateur painting skills even further. Anguissola also influenced the artistic works of her children, Isabella Clara Eugenia and Caterina Michaela, during her time at the court.

Philip was completely enchanted by his 14-year-old bride, and within a short period of time had given up his mistress. Despite the significant age difference, Elisabeth was also quite pleased with her husband. (In letters to her mother, she proclaimed herself to be fortunate to have married so charming a prince.) Philip enjoyed hosting chivalric tournaments to entertain his wife. Elisabeth would play liege lady to the three young princes of the Spanish Court: Carlos, Prince of Asturias, John of Austria (illegitimate son of Charles V), and Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma (son of Charles V's illegitimate daughter Margaret).

Elisabeth had originally been betrothed to Philip's son, Carlos, Prince of Asturias, but political complications unexpectedly necessitated instead a marriage to Philip. Her relationship with her troubled stepson Carlos was warm and friendly. Despite reports of his progressively bizarre behavior, Carlos was always kind and gentle to Elisabeth. When it eventually became necessary for Philip to lock him away (which shortly led to the Prince’s demise), Elisabeth cried for days.

Philip was very attached to Elisabeth, staying close by her side even when she was ill with smallpox. Elisabeth's first pregnancy in 1564 ended with a miscarriage of twin girls. She later gave birth to Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain on 12 August 1566, and then to Isabella's younger sister Catherine Michelle of Spain on 10 October 1567. Elisabeth had another miscarriage on 3 October 1568, and died the same day, along with her newborn infant daughter.

After the death of Elisabeth, Catherine de' Medici offered her younger daughter Margaret as a bride for Philip. Philip declined the offer.

In fiction

Coat of arms of Elisabeth of France, Queen of Spain.

Elisabeth of Valois is a central character in Thomas Otway's play Don Carlos, in Schiller's play of the same name, in Verdi's opera adapted from Schiller's play, also titled Don Carlos, and in several other, less well-known operas; Antonio Buzzolla's version of 1850 is actually named "Elisabetta di Valois". All these works imply a tragic romance between Elisabeth and Carlos, suggesting that they were really in love with each other when Elisabeth was forced to break off her engagement to Carlos and marry his father Philip.

In Madame de Lafayette's novella The Princesse de Cleves, Elisabeth of Valois' marriage to Philip II is the occasion for the wedding games at which her father Henri II dies; her role is brief but it substantially affects the novella's narrative arc.

Elisabeth of Valois is portrayed by Caoimhe O'Malley (in th Pilot) on the CW show, Reign, then later by Anastasia Phillips in the fourth season of the show. Rather than the “plain Jane” of her family the character is portrayed as beautiful and her timid and shy personality is change to that of one more forceful, cold, insensitive and quite controlling which is driven out of her legitimate desire for her mother’s affections. Her name Elisabeth is spelled with an S instead of a Z though in the fourth season she is simply called Leeza as not to confuse with Queen Elizabeth I. In the first episode of the show the character is married off to King Philip of Spain, leaves for Spain with her husband without speaking any lines and isn't physically seen until fourth season of the show. Though not seen until the fourth season the character is mentioned as a possible option as a god-mother to her brother, King Francis, son John in the second season. In the third season her kingdom is chosen as a safehaven for her younger sisters and brothers after characters calling themselves, The Red Knights, threaten revenge on the Valois family. Making her physical return to the show, she is one of the four Queens (Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth I and her mother, regent Queen Catherine) to be featured during the season. During her appearance she spends time in French court as a envoy of Spain and voice of her husband's wishes as well rival for her mother.

Elisabeth of Valois is a major character in The Creation of Eve, a novel by Lynn Cullen based on the history of Sofonisba Anguissola, the first renowned female artist of the Italian Renaissance. In the novel, Sofonisba is the painting tutor and premier lady-in-waiting for young Queen Elisabeth. ^[3]

Ancestry

Notes

References

• Helen Nader: (Editor), Power and Gender in Renaissance Spain: Eight Women of the Mendoza Family, 1450-1650. (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2003). 224 pages. ISBN 0-252-07145-X.