Irish cabinets since 1919

Ireland (and predecessor states)

The executive branch of the modern Ireland is known as the Government. However, since 1919, cabinets have functioned in the southern twenty-six counties of Ireland under two other names: the Aireacht (or Ministry) of the 1919–22 Irish Republic, and the Executive Council of the 1922–37 Irish Free State. There also briefly existed, immediately before the creation of the Irish Free State, an interim cabinet called the Provisional Government. The Ministry and the Provisional Government functioned in parallel for a number of months in 1922.

Types of government since 1919

Cabinet State Head Deputy Constitution Date
Aireacht (Ministry) Irish Republic President of Dáil Éireann[1] N/A Dáil Constitution 21 January 1919 – 6 December 1922
Provisional Government Southern Ireland Chairman N/A Irish Free State (Agreement) Act 1922 3 May 1921 – 6 December 1922
Executive Council Irish Free State President Vice-President Constitution of the Irish Free State 6 December 1922 – 29 December 1937
Government Ireland Taoiseach Tánaiste Constitution of Ireland Since 29 December 1937

Cabinets since 1919

State Dáil Election/Formed Cabinet Composition Head Deputy
Irish Republic 1st 1918 election 1st Ministry SF Cathal Brugha N/A
1919 2nd Ministry Éamon de Valera N/A
2nd 1921 elections 3rd Ministry SF Éamon de Valera N/A
1922 (Jan) 4th Ministry [2] SF (PT) Arthur Griffith N/A
Southern Ireland 1922 election 1st Provisional Government [2] Michael Collins N/A
3rd 1922 (Aug) 2nd Provisional Government SF (PT) (minority) W. T. Cosgrave N/A
Irish Free State 1922 (Dec) 1st Executive Council Kevin O'Higgins
4th 1923 election 2nd Executive Council CnG (minority) W. T. Cosgrave Kevin O'Higgins
5th 1927 (Jun) election 3rd Executive Council CnG (minority) W. T. Cosgrave Kevin O'Higgins
Ernest Blythe
6th 1927 (Sep) election 4th Executive Council CnG (minority) W. T. Cosgrave Ernest Blythe
1932 5th Executive Council
7th 1932 election 6th Executive Council FF (minority) Éamon de Valera Seán T. O'Kelly
8th 1933 election 7th Executive Council FF (minority) Éamon de Valera Seán T. O'Kelly
9th 1937 election 8th Executive Council FF (minority) Éamon de Valera Seán T. O'Kelly
Ireland 1937 1st Government
10th 1938 election 2nd Government FF Éamon de Valera Seán T. O'Kelly
11th 1943 election 3rd Government FF (minority) Éamon de Valera Seán T. O'Kelly
12th 1944 election 4th Government FF Éamon de Valera Seán T. O'Kelly
13th 1948 election 5th Government FGLabCnPCnTNLInd John A. Costello William Norton
14th 1951 election 6th Government FF (minority) Éamon de Valera Seán Lemass
15th 1954 election 7th Government FGLabCnT John A. Costello William Norton
16th 1957 election 8th Government FF Éamon de Valera Seán Lemass
1959 9th Government Seán Lemass Seán MacEntee
17th 1961 election 10th Government FF (minority) Seán Lemass Seán MacEntee
18th 1965 election 11th Government FF Seán Lemass Frank Aiken
1966 12th Government Jack Lynch
19th 1969 election 13th Government FF Jack Lynch Erskine H. Childers
20th 1973 election 14th Government FGLab Liam Cosgrave Brendan Corish
21st 1977 election 15th Government FF Jack Lynch George Colley
1979 16th Government Charles Haughey
22nd 1981 election 17th Government FGLab (minority) Garret FitzGerald Michael O'Leary
23rd 1982 (Feb) election 18th Government FF (minority) Charles Haughey Ray MacSharry
24th 1982 (Nov) election 19th Government FGLab
FG (minority) from Jan. 1987
Garret FitzGerald Dick Spring
Peter Barry
25th 1987 election 20th Government FF (minority) Charles Haughey Brian Lenihan
26th 1989 election 21st Government FFPD Charles Haughey Brian Lenihan
John Wilson
1992 22nd Government Albert Reynolds John Wilson
27th 1992 election 23rd Government FFLab
FF (minority) from Nov. 1994
Albert Reynolds Dick Spring
Bertie Ahern
1994 24th Government FGLabDL John Bruton Dick Spring
28th 1997 election 25th Government FFPD (minority) Bertie Ahern Mary Harney
29th 2002 election 26th Government FFPD Bertie Ahern Mary Harney
30th 2007 election 27th Government FFGreenPD Bertie Ahern Brian Cowen
2008 28th Government FFGreenPD

FFGreenInd from Nov. 2009
FF (minority) from Jan. 2011

Brian Cowen Mary Coughlan
31st 2011 election 29th Government FGLab Enda Kenny Eamon Gilmore
Joan Burton
32nd 2016 election 30th Government FGInd (minority) Enda Kenny Frances Fitzgerald
2017 31st Government FGInd (minority) Leo Varadkar

Northern Ireland

The most recently devolved branch of Northern Ireland is known as the Northern Ireland Executive, established under the Good Friday Agreement. The Executive has been in operation, intermittently, since 1999, and is current operational. Since 1921, Northern Ireland has been governed by two other devolved cabinets: Executive Committee of the Privy Council from 1921–72 and the Northern Ireland Executive of 1974. Northern Ireland has also been governed by direct rule from 1972–74, 1974–98 and 2002–07.

Types of government since 1921

Cabinet Head Deputy Act Date
Executive Committee of
the Privy Council
Prime Minister of Northern Ireland Minister of Finance[3] Government of Ireland Act 1920 7 June 1921 – 30 March 1972
Executive (1974) Chief Executive Deputy Chief Executive Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973 1 January 1974 – 28 May 1974
Executive First Minister Deputy First Minister Northern Ireland Act 1998 1 July 1998 – 14 October 2002
8 May 2007 – present

Direct rule

Cabinets since 1921

Body Election/Formed Cabinet Head Deputy Parties
1st House of Commons 1921 election Craigavon ministry James Craig Hugh MacDowell Pollock Ulster Unionist Party
2nd House of Commons 1925 election James Craig Hugh MacDowell Pollock Ulster Unionist Party
3rd House of Commons 1929 election James Craig Hugh MacDowell Pollock Ulster Unionist Party
4th House of Commons 1933 election James Craig Hugh MacDowell Pollock Ulster Unionist Party
John Miller Andrews
5th House of Commons 1938 election James Craig John Miller Andrews Ulster Unionist Party
1940 Andrews ministry John Miller Andrews None Ulster Unionist Party
John Milne Barbour
1943 Brookeborough ministry Basil Brooke John Maynard Sinclair Ulster Unionist Party
6th House of Commons 1945 election Basil Brooke John Maynard Sinclair Ulster Unionist Party
7th House of Commons 1949 election Basil Brooke John Maynard Sinclair Ulster Unionist Party
None
Brian Maginess
8th House of Commons 1953 election Basil Brooke Brian Maginess Ulster Unionist Party
George Boyle Hanna
Terence O'Neill
9th House of Commons 1958 election Basil Brooke Terence O'Neill Ulster Unionist Party
10th House of Commons 1962 election Basil Brooke Terence O'Neill Ulster Unionist Party
1963 O'Neill ministry Terence O'Neill Jack Andrews Ulster Unionist Party
Ivan Neill
Herbert Kirk
11th House of Commons 1965 election Terence O'Neill Herbert Kirk Ulster Unionist Party
12th House of Commons 1969 (Feb) election Terence O'Neill Herbert Kirk Ulster Unionist Party
1969 (May) Chichester-Clark ministry James Chichester-Clark Jack Andrews Ulster Unionist Party
1971 Faulkner ministry Brian Faulkner Jack Andrews Ulster Unionist Party
1972 Direct rule Secretary of State William Whitelaw Conservative Party
1973 Assembly 1973 (Jun) election Secretary of State William Whitelaw Conservative Party
1973 (Dec) Secretary of State Francis Pym Conservative Party
1974 (Jan) Executive (1974) Brian Faulkner Gerry Fitt Ulster Unionist Party
Social Democratic and Labour Party
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
1974 (May) Direct rule Secretary of State Merlyn Rees Labour Party
Constitutional Convention 1975 election Secretary of State Merlyn Rees Labour Party
1976 Secretary of State Roy Mason Labour Party
1979 Secretary of State Humphrey Atkins Conservative Party
1981 Secretary of State James Prior Conservative Party
1982 Assembly 1982 election Secretary of State James Prior Conservative Party
1984 Secretary of State Douglas Hurd Conservative Party
1985 Secretary of State Tom King Conservative Party
1989 Secretary of State Peter Brooke Conservative Party
1992 Secretary of State Sir Patrick Mayhew Conservative Party
Forum 1996 election Secretary of State Sir Patrick Mayhew Conservative Party
1997 Secretary of State Mo Mowlam Labour Party
1st Assembly 1998 election 1st Executive David Trimble Seamus Mallon Ulster Unionist Party
Social Democratic and Labour Party
Mark Durkan Democratic Unionist Party
Sinn Féin
2nd Assembly 2003 election Direct rule Secretary of State John Reid Labour Party
2002 Secretary of State Paul Murphy Labour Party
2005 Secretary of State Peter Hain Labour Party
3rd Assembly 2007 election 2nd Executive Ian Paisley Martin McGuinness Democratic Unionist Party
Sinn Féin
Peter Robinson Ulster Unionist Party
Social Democratic and Labour Party
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
4th Assembly 2011 election 3rd Executive Peter Robinson Martin McGuinness Democratic Unionist Party
Sinn Féin
Ulster Unionist Party
Social Democratic and Labour Party
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
5th Assembly 2016 election 4th Executive Arlene Foster Martin McGuinness Democratic Unionist Party
Sinn Féin
6th Assembly 2017 election 5th Executive

References

  1. The President of Dáil Éireann was upgraded to a head of state-level President of the Irish Republic in August 1921.
  2. 1 2 The Fourth Ministry and First Provisional Government held office simultaneously for many months. The membership of both was merged when the Second Provisional Government came to office in August.
  3. From 3 May 1969, a separate and distinct office of Deputy Prime Minister was created.

See also

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