Irgen Gioro
| Irgen Gioro | ||
|---|---|---|
| Manchu | ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ | |
| Transliteration | irgen gioro | |
| Mukūn | Musi, Yehe, Jamuhu, Singgan, Sarkū, Hunehe, Yarhū, Ula, Sunggari Ula, Akuri, Fe Ala, Hada, etc.[1] | |
| Notable |
| |
Irgen Gioro (Manchu: ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ; Möllendorff: irgen gioro) is a Manchu family name, which was categorized as a "notable clan"（满洲著姓）,[5] and member of the eight greatest houses of the Manchu nobility in Manchu Dynasty.[6][7][8][9][10][11] Xibe and Nanai people also has Irgen Gioro as their family name.[12][13]
History
The origin of Irgen Gioro does not have a decisive conclusion as of now. According to a famous anecdote, the ancestors of Irgen Gioros were the emperors Huizong, Qinzong and other royal family members of the Song dynasty who were captured by the Jurchens in the Jingkang Incident of the Jin–Song wars.[14] At the early period of Manchu Empire, Irgen Gioro were recorded as 340 households with a population of 352 males.[15] They mainly distributed in Musi, Yehe, Jamuhu, Singgan, Sarkū, Hunehe, Yarhū, Girin Ula, Sunggari Ula, Akuri, Fe ala, Hada, etc.[1] The whole clan had many famous hereditary noblemen in the empire, such as Viscount Aljin, Baron Ašan of Musi mukūn[note 1]; Viscount Tulusi, Baron Fiyanggu of Yehe mukūn; Baron Gagai of Sarkū mukūn and so on.[17] Among these noble families, Musi mukūn was considered as the most politically influential one because of their important contribution to the Manchu Empire's establishment.[18] Irgen Gioro clan also had 40 other hereditary peers as captains (Manchu: ᠨᡳᡵᡠ
ᡳ
ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ; Möllendorff: nirui janggin[19]) in Banner Armies.[20]
There were few instance of name change of the clan (e.g. The Manchu clan of Bayara, Monggero, Donggo, Laibu, Siburu and Jamuhu Gioro came from the Irgen Gioros who settled in these places.) at the early Qing Dynasty because of migration.[21] Due to the adoption of Chinese culture during the mid to late Qing dynasty, most of Irgen Gioros changed their family names to Zhao (赵), a typical Chinese family name, which was according to the Chinese homophone and their anecdote of possible origin.[22][23][24] Other changes of Chinese family names, such as Tong, Gu, Yi, Sa, Gong, Zhao (兆), Cao, Bao, Zhe, Xi, Yu, Ge, Ma, Gao, Hu, Bai, and Chen, are also reported.[25]
See also
Notes
Citations
- 1 2 Hungjeo 2002, pp. 179, 180, 189, 190, 199, 200, 207, 208, 209
- ↑ Zhao 1998, pp. 8900, 8901, 8905, 8930
- ↑ Zhao 1998, pp. 9198, 9249, 9254, 9449, 12618
- ↑ Zhao 2012, pp. 381–384
- ↑ Hungjeo 2002, p. 181
- ↑ Rawski 1998, p. 66
- ↑ Elliott 2001, p. 398
- ↑ Chen 1997, pp. 229–230
- ↑ Xu 1986, pp. 2144–2145
- ↑ Yang 1933, pp. 1–2
- ↑ Jooliyan 1980, p. 316
- ↑ Xibe Language Association of Xinjiang: Brief Introduction of Xibe Family Names (simplified Chinese)
- ↑ Zhao & Yao 1997, p. 76(Zhuyetie Various Notes)
- ↑ Zhao 2012, p. 5
- ↑ Zhao 2012, p. 380
- ↑ Hu 1994, p. 552
- ↑ Zhao 2012, pp. 381–383
- ↑ Du 2008, p. 75
- ↑ Elliott 2001, p. 59
- ↑ Zhao 2012, pp. 491–519
- ↑ Zhao 2012, pp. 372, 373, 383, 384, 385
- ↑ Jin, Jin & Ulhicun 1996, p. 207
- ↑ Jin 2009, pp. 118, 126
- ↑ Zhao 2012, pp. 5, 381
- ↑ Zhao 2012, p. 381
References
- Chen, Kangqi (1997). 郎潜纪闻初笔二笔三笔 (Langqian Notes 1st, 2nd and 3rd Edition). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 9787101017021.
- Du, Jiaji (2008). 八旗与清朝政治论稿 (The Political Papers of Eight Banners and Qing Dynasty). Renmin Publishing House. ISBN 9787010067537.
- Elliott, Mark C. (2001). The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804746842.
- Hu, Zengyi (1994). 新满汉大词典 (A Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary). Xinjiang People's Publishing House. ISBN 9787228024049.
- Hungjeo (2002). 八旗满洲氏族通谱 (Eight Manchu Banners' Surname-Clans' Book). Liaohai Publishing House. ISBN 9787806691892.
- Jin, Guangping; Jin, Qicong; Ulhicun (1996). 爱新觉罗氏三代满学论集 (The Paper Collection of Three Generations of Aisin Gioro). Yuanfang Publishing House. ISBN 9787805951485.
- Jin, Qicong (2009). 金启孮谈北京的满族 (Jin Qicong Talks About Beijing Manchus). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 7101068561.
- Jooliyan (1980). 啸亭杂录 (Xiaoting Various Records). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 9787101017519.
- Rawski, Evelyn S. (1998). The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions. University of California Press. ISBN 052092679X.
- Xu, Ke (1986). 清稗类钞 (Classified Collection of Qing Notes). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 9787101010732.
- Yang, Tonggui (1933). 沈故 (Old Story of Shenyang). Liaohai Book Company.
- Zhao, Erxun (2009). 清史稿 (Draft History of Qing). Zhonghua Book Compary. ISBN 9787101007503.
- Zhao, Li (2012). 满族姓氏寻人辞典 (Dictionary and Origin of Manchu Family Names). Liaoning Nationality Publishing House. ISBN 9787549702862.
- Zhao, Yi; Yao, Yuanzhi (1997). 簷曝杂记 竹叶亭杂记 (Yanpu Various Notes & Zhuyeting Various Notes). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 9787101017489.