I2P

I2P

Original author(s)	I2P Team[1]
Initial release	2003 (2003)
Stable release	0.9.31 / 7 August 2017 (2017-08-07)[2]
Repository	github.com/i2p/i2p.i2p
Development status	Active development
Written in	Java
Operating system	Cross-platform
Available in	English, Spanish Incomplete translations: Russian, French,Romanian, German, Swedish, Italian, Portuguese, Chinese, Dutch, Polish, Hungarian, Arabic, Japanese, Estonian[3]
Type	Overlay network
License	Free/Open Source – Multiple licenses[4] Public domain, BSD, GPL, MIT
Website	https://geti2p.net

The Invisible Internet Project (I2P) is a garlic routing using overlay network and darknet that allows applications to send messages to each other pseudonymously and securely. Uses include anonymous Web surfing, chatting, blogging and file transfers. The software that implements this layer is called an I2P router and a computer running I2P is called an I2P node.

The software is free and open source and is published under multiple licenses. The name I2P is derived from Invisible Internet Project, which, in pseudo-mathematical notation, is represented as I²P.

Technical design

I2P is beta software since 2003.^[5] The software's developers emphasized that there are likely to be bugs in the beta version and that there has been insufficient peer review to date.^[6] However, they believe the code is now reasonably stable and well-developed, and more exposure can help development of I2P.

The network itself is strictly message-based (like IP), but there is a library available to allow reliable streaming communication on top of it (similar to TCP, although from version 0.6 there is a new UDP-based SSU transport). All communication is end-to-end encrypted (in total there are four layers of encryption used when sending a message), and even the end points ("destinations") are cryptographic identifiers (essentially a pair of public keys), so that neither sender nor recipient of a message need to reveal their IP address to the other side or to third-party observers.

Although many developers had been a part of the Invisible IRC Project (IIP)^[7] and Freenet communities, there are significant differences between their designs and concepts. IIP was an anonymous centralized IRC server. Freenet is a censorship-resistant distributed data store. I2P is an anonymous peer-to-peer distributed communication layer designed to run any traditional internet service (e.g. Usenet, email, IRC, file sharing, Web hosting and HTTP, Telnet), as well as more traditional distributed applications (e.g. a distributed data store, a web proxy network using Squid, or DNS).

Many developers of I2P are known only under pseudonyms. While the previous main developer, jrandom, is currently on hiatus,^[8] others, such as zzz, killyourtv, and Complication have continued to lead development efforts, and are assisted by numerous contributors.^[1]

I2P uses 2048bit ElGamal/AES256/SHA256+Session Tags encryption^[9] and Ed25519 EdDSA/ECDSA signatures.^[10]

Releases

I2P has had a stable release every six to eight weeks. Updates are distributed via I2P torrents and are signed by the release manager (generally zzz or str4d).

I2P Versions

Version Release date Release Notes Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.11 2014-02-08 Support for outproxy plugins, improves lease set lookup security, and reduces memory usage.[11] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.12 2014-03-31 Support for ECDSA and updates to Jetty 8.[12] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.13 2014-05-22 SusiMail improvements and fixes for firewalled router.[13] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.14 2014-07-26 Critical fixes for XSS and remote execution vulnerabilities.[14] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.14.1 2014-08-09 I2PSnark and console fixes.[15] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.15 2014-09-20 Preliminary support for Ed25519 EdDSA signatures.[16] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.16 2014-11-01 Add support for stronger Router Info signatures.[17] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.17 2014-11-30 Signed news, ECDSA tunnels by default.[18] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.18 2015-02-22 Shortened the startup time, and reduced latency throughout our network protocols.[19] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.19 2015-04-12 Several fixes and improvements for floodfill performance.[20] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.20 2015-06-02 Important bug fixes, and several changes to increase floodfill capacity in the network.[21] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.21 2015-07-31 Contains several changes to add capacity to the network, increase the efficiency of the floodfills, and use bandwidth more effectively.[22] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.22 2015-09-12 Fixes for I2PSnark getting stuck before completion, and begins the migration of router infos to new, stronger Ed25519 signatures.[23] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.23 2015-11-19 Accelerates the rekeying process.[24] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.24 2016-01-27 A new version of SAM (v3.2) and numerous bug fixes and efficiency improvements. The first release to require Java 7.[25] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.25 2016-03-22 A new version of SAM (v3.3), QR codes for sharing hidden services, identicons and router families.[26] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.26 2016-06-07 Major upgrade to the native crypto library, a new addressbook subscription protocol with signatures, and major improvements to the Debian/Ubuntu packaging.[27] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.27 2016-10-17 Improvements in IPv6 transports, SSU peer testing, and hidden mode.[28] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.28 2016-12-12 Updates for a number of bundled software, fixes for IPv6 peer testing, improvements to detect and block potentially malicious peers. Preliminary fixes for Java 9.[29] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.29 2017-02-27 Support for NTP over IPv6, preliminary Docker support, translated main pages. We now pass same-origin Referer headers through the HTTP proxy. There are more fixes for Java 9, although we do not yet recommend Java 9 for general use.[30] Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.30 2017-05-03 Support for Debian Stretch and Ubuntu Zesty, upgraded to Jetty 9 and Tomcat 8, support for the migration of old DSA-SHA1 hidden services to the EdDSA signature type.[31] Current stable version: 0.9.31 2017-08-07 Refreshed the router console to improve readability, improved accessibility and cross-browser support, and general tidying up.[32]

Software

Since I2P is an anonymous network layer, it is designed so other software can use it for anonymous communication. As such there are a variety of tools currently available for I2P or in development.

The I2P router is controlled through the router console which is a web frontend accessed through a web browser.

General networking

• I2PTunnel is an application embedded into I2P that allows arbitrary TCP/IP applications to communicate over I2P by setting up "tunnels" which can be accessed by connecting to pre-determined ports on localhost.
• SAM (Simple Anonymous Messaging) is a protocol which allows a client application written in any programming language to communicate over I2P, by using a socket-based interface to the I2P router.^[33]
• BOB (Basic Open Bridge) is a less complex app to router protocol similar to "SAM"^[34][35]
• Outproxy Tor plugin^[36] (linked repo is unrelated to Tor?)

Chat

• Any IRC client made for the Internet Relay Chat can work, once connected to the I2P IRC server (on localhost).

File sharing

• Several programs provide BitTorrent functionality for use within the I2P network. Users cannot connect to non-I2P torrents or peers from within I2P, nor can they connect to I2P torrents or peers from outside I2P.^[37] I2PSnark, included in the I2P install package, is a port of the BitTorrent client named Snark.^[38] Vuze, formerly known as Azureus, is a BitTorrent client that includes a plugin for I2P, allowing anonymous swarming through this network.^[39] This plugin is still in an early stage of development, however it is already fairly stable. I2P-BT is a BitTorrent client for I2P that allows anonymous swarming for file sharing. This client is a modified version of the original BitTorrent 3.4.2 program which runs on MS Windows and most dialects of Unix in a GUI and command-line environment. It was developed by the individual known as 'duck' on I2P in cooperation with 'smeghead'. It is no longer being actively developed; however, there is a small effort to upgrade the I2P-BT client up to par with the BitTorrent 4.0 release. I2PRufus is an I2P port of the Rufus BitTorrent client.^[40] Robert (P2P Software) is the most actively maintained I2PRufus fork. And there is I2P-Transmission.
• iMule (invisible Mule) is a port of eMule for I2P network. iMule has not been developed since 2013. iMule is made for anonymous file sharing. In contrast to other eDonkey clients, iMule only uses the Kademlia for proceeding to connect through I2P network, so no servers are needed.
• I2Phex is a port of the popular Gnutella client Phex to I2P. It is stable and fairly functional.
• A port of Tahoe-LAFS has been ported to i2p. This allows for files to be anonymously stored in Tahoe-LAFS grids.

Bridging to Clearnet

Currently, Vuze is the only torrent client that makes clearnet (connections not through I2P) torrents available on I2P and vice versa. It has a plugin that connects to the I2P network. If the user adds a torrent initially made for I2P, it will be seeded on both I2P and the clearnet. If a user adds a torrent from the clearnet, it will be seeded on both the clearnet and I2P. For this reason, torrents previously published only on I2P are made available to the entire Internet, and users of I2P can download any torrent on the Internet while maintaining the anonymity of I2P.^[41][42]

Email

• I2P-Bote is a free, fully decentralized and distributed anonymous email system with a strong focus on security.^[43] It supports multiple identities and does not expose email metadata. As of 2015, it is still considered beta software. I2P-Bote is accessible via the I2P web console interface or using standard email protocols (i.e. IMAP/SMTP). All bote-mails are transparently end-to-end encrypted and signed by the sender's private key, thus removing the need for PGP or other email encryption software. I2P-Bote offers additional anonymity by allowing for the use of mail relays with variable length delays. Since it is decentralized, there is no centralized email server that could correlate different email identities as communicating with each other (i.e. profiling). Even the nodes relaying the mails do not know the sender, and apart from sender and receiver, only the end of the high-latency mail route and the storing nodes will know to whom (which I2P-Bote address – the user's IP address is still hidden by I2P) the mail is destined. The original sender could have gone offline long before the email becomes available to the recipient. No account registration is necessary, all you have to do in order to use it is create a new identity. I2P-Bote can be installed as an I2P plugin .^[44]
• I2P also has a free pseudonymous e-mail service run by an individual called Postman. Susimail is a web-based email client intended primarily for use with Postman's mail servers, and is designed with security and anonymity in mind. Susimail was created to address privacy concerns in using these servers directly using traditional email clients, such as leaking the user's hostname while communicating with the SMTP server. It is currently included in the default I2P distribution, and can be accessed through the I2P router console web interface. Mail.i2p can contact both i2p email users, via user@mail.i2p and public internet email users from a user@i2pmail.org address.
• Bitmessage.ch can be used over I2P or Tor.

Instant Messaging

• I2P-Messenger is a simple Qt-based, serverless, end-to-end-encrypted instant messenger for I2P.^[45] No servers can log the user's conversations. No ISP can log with whom the user chats, when, or for how long. As it is serverless, it can make use of I2P's end-to-end encryption, preventing any node between two parties from having access to the plain text. I2P-Messenger can be used for fully anonymous instant communication with persons the user doesn't even know, or, alternatively, to communicate securely and untraceably with friends, family members, or colleagues. In addition to messaging, file transfer is also supported.
• I2P-Talk is another simple instant messenger incompatible with I2P-Messenger, but having the same security properties

Publishing

• Syndie is a content distributing application which support blogs, newsgroups, forums for I2P, which is also usable through the Tor network and the normal unencrypted web.

Routers

• I2PBerry is a Linux distribution which can be used as a router to encrypt and route network traffic through the I2P network.^[46]

• Kovri is an I2P router written in C++. It was forked from i2pd following developer disagreements.^[47] Kovri's primary purpose is to integrate with the cryptocurrency Monero to send new transaction information over I2P, making it much more difficult to find which node is the origin of a transaction request.^[48] Those using the Kovri router will be running full I2P routers that contribute to the I2P network the same way the current Java router does. This project is expected to benefit both the Monero and I2P communities, since it will allow for greater privacy in Monero, and it should increase the number of nodes on the I2P network.^[49]

The Privacy Solutions project

The Privacy Solutions project,^[50] a new organization that develops and maintains I2P software, launched several new development efforts designed to enhance the privacy, security, and anonymity for users, based on I2P protocols and technology.

These efforts include:^[51]

• The Abscond browser bundle.
• i2pd, an alternate implementation of I2P, written in C++ (rather than Java).
• The "BigBrother" I2P network monitoring project.

The code repository and download sections for the i2pd and Abscond project is available for the public to review and download.^[52] Effective January, 2015 i2pd is operating under PurpleI2P.^[53]

Android

• Release builds of an I2P Router application for Android can be found on the Google Play store under The Privacy Solutions Project's Google Play account or on an F-Droid repository hosted by the developers.^[54]
• Nightweb is an Android application that utilizes I2P and Bittorrent to share blog posts, photos, and other similar content.^[55] It can also be run as a desktop application. It is no longer in development.^[56]

Crypto-Currency

Current crypto currencies that support I2P, or plan it are listed below.

• The Monero^[57] crypto-coin project.
• VERGE $XVG^[58] crypto-coin project.
• BATA $BTA^[59] crypto-coin project.

Terminology

The I2P website provides a larger comparison between the terminology of Tor and I2P here.

Eepsite

Eepsites are Websites that are hosted anonymously within the I2P network. Eepsite names end in .i2p, such as ugha.i2p or forum.i2p. EepProxy can locate these sites through the cryptographic identifier keys stored in the hosts.txt file found within the I2P program directory. Typically, I2P is required to access these eepsites.^[60]

.i2p

'I2p' is a pseudo-top-level domain which is only valid within the I2P overlay network scope. .i2p names are resolved by browsers by submitting requests to EepProxy which will resolve names to an I2P peer key and will handle data transfers over the I2P network while remaining transparent to the browser.^[61]

EepProxy

The EepProxy program handles all communication between the browser and any eepsite. It functions as a proxy server that can be used by any web browser.

Peers, I2P nodes

Other machines using I2P that are connected to user's machine within the network. Each machine within the network shares the routing and forwarding of encrypted packets.

Tunnels

Every ten minutes, a connection is established between the user's machine and another peer. Data to and from the user, along with the data for other peers (routed through the user's machine), pass through these tunnels and are forwarded to their final destination (may include more jumps).^[62]

netDb

The distributed database that holds information on I2P nodes and I2P eepsites. This database is split up among routers known as "floodfill routers". When a user wants to know how to contact an eepsite, or where more peers are, they query the database.^[63]

I2PCon

From August 15, 2015 to August 16, 2015 the first I2P convention was held in Toronto, Ontario.^[64] The conference was hosted by a local hackerspace, Hacklab. The conference featured presentations from I2P developers security researchers.

August 15, 2015 mainly had presentations on the past growth of the i2p network, a talk on what happens when companies sell your personal information, and a round-table discussion on general privacy and security topics. The day ended with a CryptoParty which helped to introduce new users to installing I2P, sending secure emails with I2P-Bote, and using I2P along with Vuze.

August 16, 2015 had more technical discussions than the previous day. The talks focused what how to dissuade bad-actors from using the network, how I2P has worked computer connection limits, how to do application development using I2P, and on the development of the Android version. This day ended with a development meeting.

See also

• Anonymous P2P
• Rendezvous protocol
• Crypto-anarchism
• Darknet
• Garlic routing
• Secure communication
• Threat model
• Tor

Software

• Retroshare
• Tor2web
• Tribler

References

External links

• Official website
• i2p.i2p on GitHub
• Tutorials (in the area papers)
• I2P Android package at the F-Droid repository
• Video tutorial : installing I2P on a Debian Linux system (2010) (copy), by the net activists group Telecomix.
• Video tutorial. "Cyber Ninja" : I2P setup on Windows (2013. #PM2020)
• I2P - Community Ubuntu Documentation (2011)
• Linux Today - I2P - Anonymity for the Masses (2011)
• Peer Profiling and Selection in the I2P Anonymous Network (2009)
• Proxies Encyclopedia & Knowledge Base Wiki(2015)