Internal intercostal muscles

Internal intercostal muscles

Internal intercostal muscles (red) seen from back.
Details
Origin Rib - superior border
Insertion Rib - inferior border
Artery Intercostal arteries
Nerve Intercostal nerves
Actions Hold ribs steady
Antagonist External intercostal muscles
Identifiers
Latin Musculi intercostales interni
Dorlands
/Elsevier		 m_22/12549376
TA A04.4.01.013
FMA 74085

Anatomical terms of muscle

The internal intercostal muscles (intercostales interni) are a group of skeletal muscles located between the ribs. They are eleven in number on either side. They commence anteriorly at the sternum, in the intercostal spaces between the cartilages of the true ribs, and at the anterior extremities of the cartilages of the false ribs, and extend backward as far as the angles of the ribs, hence they are continued to the vertebral column by thin aponeuroses, the posterior intercostal membranes.

Structure

A cutout of the thoracic wall showing the three layers of intercostal muscle - from the left wall.

Each muscle arises from the ridge on the inner surface of a rib, as well as from the corresponding costal cartilage, and is inserted into the inferior border of the rib above. The internal intercostals are innervated by the intercostal nerve.[1]

Their fibers are also directed obliquely, but pass in a direction opposite to those of the external intercostal muscles.

For the most part, they are muscles of exhalation. In exhalation the interosseous portions of the internal intercostal muscles, (the part of the muscle that is between the bone portion of the superior and inferior ribs), depresses and retracts the ribs, compressing the thoracic cavity and expelling air.[2] The internal intercostals, however, are only used in forceful exhalation such as coughing or during exercise and not in relaxed breathing.[3] The external intercostal muscles, and the intercartilaginous part of the internal intercostal muscles, (the part of the muscle that lies between the cartilage portion of the superior and inferior ribs), are used in inspiration, by aiding in elevating the ribs and expanding the thoracic cavity.[4]

Additional images

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ↑ Seeley's Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Philip Tate
  2. ↑ Basic Human Anatomy - O'Rahilly, Müller, Carpenter & Swenson
  3. ↑ Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function 5th Edition by Kenneth Saladin
  4. ↑ http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/journey/internal.html%5B%5D
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