President's Intelligence Advisory Board

The President's Intelligence Advisory Board (PIAB) is an advisor to the Executive Office of the President of the United States. According to its self-description, it "...provides advice to the President concerning the quality and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of counterintelligence, and of other intelligence activities."^[1]

The PIAB, through its Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB), also advises the President on the legality of foreign intelligence activities.

History

The agency, originally known as the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities (PBCFIA), was created in January 1956 by the Dwight D. Eisenhower.^[2] The first board under Chair James Killian were:

• Richard Conolly
• Jimmy Doolittle
• Benjamin Fairless
• John Hull
• Joe Kennedy
• Robert Lovett
• Edward Ryerson

John F. Kennedy later renamed it to the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB) on May 4, 1961.^[3] Most recently, the agency was renamed yet again by president George W. Bush to its present form on February 29, 2008.^[4] The board exists at the pleasure of the President, who can change its size and portfolio. President Jimmy Carter abolished the PFIAB in 1977 but President Ronald Reagan re-established it later.^[5]

Most of the board's work is secret, but one very public investigation involved the loss of U.S. nuclear secrets to China from the Los Alamos National Laboratory during the 1990s.^[6]

Intelligence Oversight Board

President Gerald Ford created the IOB following a 1975–76 investigation by the US Congress into domestic spying, assassination operations, and other abuses by intelligence agencies. His executive order doing so went into effect on March 1, 1976.^[7] In 1993, the IOB became a committee of the PFIAB, under Executive Order #12863 of President Bill Clinton.

One of the IOB's functions is to examine violations of the laws and directives governing clandestine surveillance. The IOB received quarterly and annual reports from most US intelligence activities.^[8] Thirteen cases involving FBI actions between 2002 and 2004 were referred to the IOB for its review.^[9]

In an executive order issued on February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush terminated the IOB's authority to oversee the general counsel and inspector general of each U.S. intelligence agency, and erased the requirement that each inspector general file a report with the IOB every three months. The order also removed the IOB's authority to refer a matter to the Justice Department for a criminal investigation, and directed the IOB to notify the president of a problem only if other officials are not already "adequately" addressing that problem.^[7]

In August 2013 it was reported that the membership of the IOB had been reduced from 14 to 4 under President Barack Obama, possibly starting in early May at the beginning of the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures by Edward Snowden.^[10] The membership had not been increased as of July 2014.^[11]

Membership

During the administration of George W. Bush, the PIAB had 16 members selected from among distinguished citizens outside the government who were qualified "on the basis of achievement, experience, independence, and integrity." The members were not paid.^[12]

PIAB membership is generally considered public information; for example, the Clinton Administration posted the names of the members on a PFIAB web page.^[12]

PFIAB Membership under George W. Bush

In August 2002, Randy Deitering, the executive director of PFIAB, confirmed the membership list released by the White House press office in October 2001:^[13]

• Brent Scowcroft, the chair
• Pete Wilson, a former governor of California
• Cresencio S. Arcos, Jr., an AT&T executive and former US ambassador
• Jim Barksdale, former head of the internet company Netscape
• Robert Addison Day, chairman of the TWC Group, a money management firm
• Stephen Friedman, past chairman of Goldman Sachs
• Alfred Lerner, chief executive of MBNA
• Ray Lee Hunt, scion of the Texas oil fortune
• Rita Hauser, a prominent lawyer
• David E. Jeremiah, a retired admiral
• Arnold Kanter, a national security official in the George H.W. Bush administration and a founding member of the Scowcroft Group
• James C. Langdon, Jr., a power-lawyer in Texas
• Elisabeth Pate-Cornell, Chair of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University
• John Harrison Streicker, a real estate magnate
• Philip Zelikow, a National Security Council staffer during the George H.W. Bush administration and later a counselor to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice

In 2003 there were indications of spying on members of the board by a foreign intelligence asset.

PIAB Membership under Barack Obama

The entire PIAB membership that served under the administration of George W. Bush resigned as part of an agreed-upon move in the presidential transition of Barack Obama.^[14]

Pres. Obama appointed Chuck Hagel, former United States Senator from Nebraska, and current University of Oklahoma President David L. Boren as PIAB co-chairs.^[15]

The following other members were appointed to the board under President Obama:^[16]

• Roel Campos
• Richard Danzig appointed on December 1, 2010^[17]
• Lee H. Hamilton
• Rita Hauser
• Paul G. Kaminski
• Ellen Laipson, president and CEO of the Henry L. Stimson Center
• Les Lyles
• Daniel Meltzer appointed on December 1, 2010^[17]
• Jami Miscik appointed December 23, 2009^[18]
• Mona Sutphen appointed on September 6, 2011^[19]
• Philip Zelikow appointed on September 6, 2011^[19]
• Tom Wheeler appointed on April 27, 2011^[20]

In May 2013, the White House dismissed 10 members of the board.^[21] The four remaining members of the PIAB were:^[1]

• Richard Danzig
• Daniel Meltzer
• Judith Miscik
• Mona Sutphen

PIAB Chairs

PIAB chairpersons have been:^[22]

IOB Chairs

These are chairs of the Advisory Board's committee of Intelligence Oversight Board

Board Executive Directors

• 1956–1959: John Cassidy
• 1959–1961, 1961–1970: Patrick Coyne
• 1970–1973: Gerard Burke
• 1973–1977: Wheaton Byers
• 1977: Lionel Olmer
• 1977–1981: Board abolished
• 1981–1983: Norman Wood
• 1983–1984: Fred Demech
• 1984–1988: Gary Schmitt
• 1988–1989: Fred Demech
• 1989–1991: Nina Stewart
• 1991–1992: Vacant
• 1992–1995: Eugene Yeates
• 1995–2003: Randy Deitering (Acting: 1995–1998)
• 2003–2005: Joan Dempsey
• 2005–present: Stefanie Osburn

Board Members

See also

• Team B
• Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board

References

External links

• President's Intelligence Advisory Board and Intelligence Oversight Board Website

United States Intelligence Community
Intelligence Community	Defense Defense Intelligence Agency (Defense Clandestine Service • Defense Attaché System • National Intelligence University • Missile and Space Intelligence Center • National Center for Medical Intelligence • Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency National Reconnaissance Office National Security Agency (Central Security Service, Special Collection Service) Armed Forces Army Intelligence and Security Command Marine Corps Intelligence Office of Naval Intelligence Twenty-Fifth Air Force Coast Guard Intelligence (Homeland Security) Civilian Bureau of Intelligence and Research (State) Central Intelligence Agency (Directorate of Operations • Special Activities Division • Open Source Center • Directorate of Science and Technology • CIA University) Drug Enforcement Administration (Justice) Federal Bureau of Investigation (Justice) Office of Intelligence and Analysis (Homeland Security) Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (Treasury) Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (Energy)
Director of National Intelligence	Director of National Intelligence National Counterterrorism Center National Counterproliferation Center Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive National Intelligence Council Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity Joint Intelligence Community Council Chief Information Officer
Executive Office of the President	National Security Advisor National Security Council President's Intelligence Advisory Board Homeland Security Council Homeland Security Advisor President's Daily Brief
Other	Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Army Intelligence Support Activity Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System Intellipedia
Oversight	United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
Defunct	Contingency Fund for Foreign Intercourse Counterintelligence Field Activity Military Information Division Military Intelligence Division Military Intelligence Service Office of Strategic Services Office of Special Plans Strategic Support Branch

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