List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI

World map indicating the inequality-adjusted Human Development Index in 2015 (2016 report).

0.850 and over   0.800–0.849   0.750–0.799   0.700–0.749   0.650–0.699

0.600–0.649   0.550–0.599   0.500–0.549   0.450–0.499   0.400–0.449

0.350–0.399   0.300–0.349   0.250–0.299   0.200–0.249   0.150–0.199   Data unavailable

This is a list of countries by inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI), as published by the UNDP in its 2016 Human Development Report. According to the 2016 Report, "The IHDI can be interpreted as the level of human development when inequality is accounted for," whereas the Human Development Index itself is "an index of potential human development (or the maximum HDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality)."^[1][2]

The HDI, from which the IHDI derives, is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. The HDI was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, is anchored in the Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen’s work on human capabilities, often framed in terms of whether people are able to "be" and "do" desirable things in their life, and was published by the United Nations Development Program.

Methodology

The index captures the HDI of the average person in society, which is less than the aggregate HDI when there is inequality in the distribution of health, education and income. Under perfect equality, the HDI and IHDI are equal; the greater the difference between the two, the greater the inequality.

The IHDI, estimated for 151 countries, captures the losses in human development due to inequality in health, education and income. Losses in all three dimensions vary across countries, ranging from just a few percent (Czech Republic, Slovenia) up to over 40% (Comoros, Central African Republic). Overall loss takes into account all three dimensions.^[3]

List

The table below ranks countries according to their inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI) and compares it to their HDI. For the 2011 and 2012 data, the "Loss (%)" column, given by the difference between the HDI and the IHDI and expressed as a percentage, indicates the “loss” in potential human development due to inequality. The "Rank change" column reflects a country's rank difference between both HDI and IHDI lists, when only the 132 countries (134 countries in 2011 report) with a calculated IHDI are considered.

All data is based on 2015, 2014, 2013, and 2012 estimates.^[4][5]

2015 Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) (2016 report)^[6]

Rank Country IHDI 1  Norway 0.898 2  Iceland 0.868 3  Australia 0.861 3  Netherlands 0.861 5  Germany 0.859 5   Switzerland 0.859 7  Denmark 0.858 8  Sweden 0.851 9  Ireland 0.850 10  Finland 0.843 11  Canada 0.839 12  Slovenia 0.838 13  United Kingdom 0.836 14  Czech Republic 0.830 15  Luxembourg 0.827 16  Belgium 0.821 17  Austria 0.815 18  France 0.813 19  United States 0.796 20  Slovakia 0.793 21  Japan 0.791 21  Spain 0.791 23  Estonia 0.788 24  Malta 0.786 25  Italy 0.784 26  Israel 0.778 27  Poland 0.774 28  Hungary 0.771 29  Cyprus 0.762 30  Lithuania 0.759 31  Greece 0.758 32  Portugal 0.755 33  South Korea 0.753 34  Croatia 0.752 35  Belarus 0.745 36  Latvia 0.742 37  Montenegro 0.736 38  Russia 0.725 39  Kazakhstan 0.714 39  Romania 0.714 41  Bulgaria 0.709 42  Argentina 0.698 43  Chile 0.692 44  Ukraine 0.690 45  Serbia 0.689 46  Sri Lanka 0.678 47  Armenia 0.674 48  Georgia 0.672 49  Uruguay 0.670 50  Mauritius 0.669 51  Albania 0.661 52  Trinidad and Tobago 0.661 53  Azerbaijan 0.659 54  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.650 55  Turkey 0.645 56  Mongolia 0.639 57  Costa Rica 0.628 57  Moldova 0.628 59  Fiji 0.624 60  Macedonia 0.623 61  Jordan 0.619 62  Saint Lucia 0.618 62  Venezuela 0.618 64  Panama 0.614 65  Jamaica 0.609 66  Lebanon 0.603 67  Uzbekistan 0.590 68  Ecuador 0.587 68  Mexico 0.587 70  Thailand 0.586 71  Kyrgyzstan 0.582 72  Palestine 0.581 73  Peru 0.580 74  Dominican Republic 0.565 75  Indonesia 0.563 76  Tunisia 0.562

Rank Country IHDI 77  Vietnam 0.562 78  Brazil 0.561 79  Philippines 0.556 80  Suriname 0.551 81  Colombia 0.548 82  Belize 0.546 83  Tajikistan 0.532 84  Gabon 0.531 85  El Salvador 0.529 85  Maldives 0.529 87  Paraguay 0.524 88  Cabo Verde 0.518 88  Guyana 0.518 88  Iran 0.518 91  Iraq 0.505 92  Vanuatu 0.494 93  Egypt 0.491 94  Nicaragua 0.479 95  Bolivia 0.478 96  Morocco 0.456 97  India 0.454 98  Guatemala 0.450 99  Congo 0.446 100  Honduras 0.443 101  Cambodia 0.436 102  South Africa 0.435 103  Botswana 0.433 104  São Tomé and Príncipe 0.432 105  Bhutan 0.428 106  Laos 0.427 107  Syria 0.419 108  East Timor 0.416 109  Namibia 0.415 110  Bangladesh 0.412 111    Nepal 0.407 112  Tanzania 0.396 113  Kiribati 0.394 114  Solomon Islands 0.392 115  Ghana 0.391 115  Kenya 0.391 117  Pakistan 0.380 118  Madagascar 0.374 119  Zambia 0.373 120  Zimbabwe 0.369 121  Swaziland 0.361 122  Cameroon 0.348 123  Mauritania 0.347 124  Uganda 0.341 125  Rwanda 0.339 126  Angola 0.336 127  Togo 0.332 128  Senegal 0.331 129  Ethiopia 0.330 130  Malawi 0.328 130  Nigeria 0.328 132  Afghanistan 0.327 133  Lesotho 0.320 133  Yemen 0.320 135  Djibouti 0.310 136  Benin 0.304 137  Haiti 0.298 138  Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.297 139  Côte d'Ivoire 0.294 140  Mali 0.293 141  Liberia 0.284 142  Mozambique 0.280 143  Burundi 0.276 144  Comoros 0.270 144  Guinea 0.270 146  Burkina Faso 0.267 147  Sierra Leone 0.262 148  Guinea-Bissau 0.257 149  Niger 0.253 150  Chad 0.238 151  Central African Republic 0.199

2014 Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) (2015 report)^[7]

Rank Country IHDI 1  Norway 0.893 2  Netherlands 0.861 3   Switzerland 0.861 4  Australia 0.858 5  Denmark 0.856 6  Germany 0.853 7  Iceland 0.846 8  Sweden 0.846 9  Ireland 0.836 10  Finland 0.834 11  Canada 0.832 12  Slovenia 0.829 13  United Kingdom 0.829 14  Czech Republic 0.823 15  Luxembourg 0.822 16  Belgium 0.820 17  Austria 0.816 18  France 0.811 19  Slovakia 0.791 20  Estonia 0.782 21  Japan 0.780 22  Israel 0.775 23  Spain 0.775 24  Italy 0.773 25  Hungary 0.769 26  Malta 0.767 27  Poland 0.760 28  United States 0.760 29  Cyprus 0.758 30  Greece 0.758 31  Lithuania 0.754 32  South Korea 0.751 33  Portugal 0.744 34  Croatia 0.743 35  Belarus 0.741 36  Latvia 0.730 37  Montenegro 0.728 38  Russia 0.714 39  Argentina 0.711 40  Romania 0.711 41  Bulgaria 0.699 42  Kazakhstan 0.694 43  Serbia 0.693 44  Ukraine 0.689 45  Uruguay 0.678 46  Chile 0.672 47  Sri Lanka 0.669 48  Mauritius 0.666 49  Armenia 0.658 50  Trinidad and Tobago 0.654 51  Azerbaijan 0.652 52  Georgia 0.652 53  Turkey 0.641 54  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.635 55  Albania 0.634 56  Mongolia 0.633 57  Jordan 0.625 58  Macedonia 0.622 59  Moldova 0.618 60  Fiji 0.616 61  Costa Rica 0.613 62  Saint Lucia 0.613 63  Venezuela 0.612 64  Lebanon 0.609 65  Panama 0.604 66  Jamaica 0.593 67  Mexico 0.587 68  Palestine 0.577 69  Thailand 0.576 70  Ecuador 0.570 71  Uzbekistan 0.569 72  Peru 0.563 73  Tunisia 0.562 74  Kyrgyzstan 0.560 75  Indonesia 0.559

Rank Country IHDI 76  Brazil 0.557 77  Belize 0.553 78  Vietnam 0.549 79  Philippines 0.547 80  Dominican Republic 0.546 81  Suriname 0.543 82  Colombia 0.542 83  Maldives 0.531 84  Paraguay 0.529 85  Egypt 0.524 86  Guyana 0.520 87  Cape Verde 0.519 88  Gabon 0.519 89  Tajikistan 0.515 90  Iraq 0.512 91  Iran 0.509 92  Vanuatu 0.492 93  El Salvador 0.488 94  Nicaragua 0.480 95  Bolivia 0.472 96  Syria 0.468 97  Guatemala 0.443 98  Morocco 0.441 99  India 0.435 100  Congo 0.434 101  Botswana 0.431 102  Laos 0.428 103  South Africa 0.428 104  Bhutan 0.425 105  Cambodia 0.418 106  São Tomé and Príncipe 0.418 107  Honduras 0.412 108  East Timor 0.412 109  Kiribati 0.405 110  Bangladesh 0.403 111    Nepal 0.401 112  Ghana 0.387 113  Solomon Islands 0.385 114  Zambia 0.384 115  Tanzania 0.379 116  Pakistan 0.377 117  Kenya 0.377 118  Madagascar 0.372 119  Zimbabwe 0.371 120  Namibia 0.354 121  Swaziland 0.354 122  Cameroon 0.344 123  Mauritania 0.337 124  Uganda 0.337 125  Angola 0.335 126  Rwanda 0.330 127  Yemen 0.329 128  Togo 0.322 129  Lesotho 0.320 130  Nigeria 0.320 131  Afghanistan 0.319 132  Ethiopia 0.312 133  Djibouti 0.308 134  Senegal 0.305 135  Benin 0.300 136  Malawi 0.299 137  Haiti 0.296 138  Côte d'Ivoire 0.287 139  Liberia 0.280 140  Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.276 141  Mozambique 0.273 142  Mali 0.270 143  Burundi 0.269 144  Comoros 0.268 145  Burkina Faso 0.261 146  Guinea 0.261 147  Guinea-Bissau 0.254 148  Niger 0.246 149  Sierra Leone 0.241 150  Chad 0.236 151  Central African Republic 0.198

2013 Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) (2014 report)^[8]

Rank Country IHDI 1  Norway 0.891 2  Australia 0.860 3  Netherlands 0.854 4   Switzerland 0.847 5  Germany 0.846 6  Iceland 0.843 7  Sweden 0.840 8  Denmark 0.838 9  Canada 0.833 10  Ireland 0.832 11  Finland 0.830 12  Slovenia 0.824 13  Austria 0.818 14  Luxembourg 0.814 15  Czech Republic 0.813 16  United Kingdom 0.812 17  Belgium 0.806 18  France 0.804 19  Japan 0.799 20  Israel 0.793 21  Slovakia 0.778 22  Spain 0.775 23  Italy 0.768 24  Estonia 0.767 25  Greece 0.762 26  Malta 0.760 27  Hungary 0.757 28  United States 0.755 29  Cyprus 0.752 30  Poland 0.751 31  Lithuania 0.746 32  Portugal 0.739 33  South Korea 0.736 34  Montenegro 0.733 35  Belarus 0.726 36  Latvia 0.725 37  Croatia 0.721 38  Romania 0.702 39  Bulgaria 0.692 40  Argentina 0.687 41  Russia 0.685 42  Bahamas 0.676 43  Ukraine 0.667 44  Kazakhstan 0.667 45  Serbia 0.663 46  Uruguay 0.662 47  Mauritius 0.662 48  Chile 0.661 49  Azerbaijan 0.659 50  Armenia 0.655 51  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.653 52  Trinidad and Tobago 0.649 53  Sri Lanka 0.643 54  Turkey 0.639 55  Georgia 0.636 56  Macedonia 0.633 57  Albania 0.620 58  Mongolia 0.618 59  Venezuela 0.613 60  Fiji 0.613 61  Costa Rica 0.611 62  Jordan 0.607 63  Lebanon 0.606 64  Palestine 0.606 65  Panama 0.596 66  Mexico 0.583 67  Moldova 0.582 68  Jamaica 0.579 69  Thailand 0.573 70  Peru 0.562 71  Uzbekistan 0.556 72  Indonesia 0.553

Rank Country IHDI 73  Ecuador 0.549 74  Vietnam 0.543 75  Brazil 0.542 76  Philippines 0.540 77  Dominican Republic 0.535 78  Suriname 0.534 79  Guyana 0.522 80  Colombia 0.521 81  Maldives 0.521 82  Kyrgyzstan 0.519 83  Egypt 0.518 84  Syria 0.518 85  Paraguay 0.513 86  Gabon 0.512 87  Cape Verde 0.511 88  Iraq 0.505 89  Iran 0.498 90  Tajikistan 0.491 91  El Salvador 0.485 92  Bolivia 0.470 93  Bhutan 0.465 94  Nicaragua 0.452 95  Cambodia 0.440 96  Morocco 0.433 97  Timor Leste 0.430 98  Guatemala 0.422 99  Botswana 0.422 100  India 0.418 101  Honduras 0.418 102  Kiribati 0.416 103  Bangladesh 0.396 104  Ghana 0.394 105  Republic of the Congo 0.391 106  São Tomé and Príncipe 0.384 107    Nepal 0.384 108  Pakistan 0.375 109  Solomon Islands 0.374 110  Zambia 0.365 111  Kenya 0.360 112  Zimbabwe 0.358 113  Tanzania 0.356 114  Swaziland 0.354 115  Namibia 0.352 116  Madagascar 0.346 117  Cameroon 0.339 118  Rwanda 0.338 119  Yemen 0.336 120  Uganda 0.335 121  Senegal 0.326 122  Afghanistan 0.321 123  Togo 0.317 124  Mauritania 0.315 125  Lesotho 0.313 126  Benin 0.311 127  Ethiopia 0.307 128  Djibouti 0.306 129  Nigeria 0.300 130  Angola 0.295 131  Haiti 0.285 132  Malawi 0.282 133  Côte d'Ivoire 0.279 134  Mozambique 0.277 135  Liberia 0.273 136  Burundi 0.257 137  Burkina Faso 0.252 138  Guinea 0.243 139  Guinea-Bissau 0.239 140  Chad 0.232 141  Niger 0.228 142  Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.211 143  Sierra Leone 0.208 144  Central African Republic 0.203

2012 and 2011 Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) data

2012 Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) (2013 report)[9]

2011 Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) (2012 report)[10]

Rank Country IHDI HDI Loss (%) Rank change 2011/12 1  Norway 0.894 0.955 6.4 0 2  Australia 0.864 0.938 7.9 0 3  Sweden 0.859 0.916 6.2 0 4  Netherlands 0.857 0.921 6.9 0 5  Germany 0.856 0.920 6.9 3 6  Ireland 0.850 0.916 7.2 0 7   Switzerland 0.849 0.913 7.0 2 8  Iceland 0.848 0.906 6.4 −3 9  Denmark 0.845 0.901 6.2 −2 10  Slovenia 0.840 0.892 5.8 0 11  Finland 0.839 0.892 6.0 0 12  Austria 0.837 0.895 6.6 2 13  Canada 0.832 0.911 8.7 −1 14  Czech Republic 0.826 0.873 5.4 −1 15  Belgium 0.825 0.897 8.0 0 16  United States 0.821 0.937 12.4 7 17  Luxembourg 0.813 0.875 7.2 1 18  France 0.812 0.893 9.0 −2 19  United Kingdom 0.802 0.875 8.2 0 20  Spain 0.796 0.885 10.1 −3 21  Israel 0.790 0.900 12.3 0 22  Slovakia 0.788 0.840 6.3 −2 23  Malta 0.778 0.847 8.2 / 24  Italy 0.776 0.881 11.9 −2 25  Estonia 0.770 0.846 9.0 −1 26  Hungary 0.769 0.831 7.4 −1 27  Greece 0.760 0.860 11.5 −1 28  South Korea 0.758 0.909 16.5 0 29  Cyprus 0.751 0.848 11.5 −2 30  Poland 0.740 0.821 9.9 −1 31  Montenegro 0.733 0.791 7.4 1 32  Portugal 0.729 0.816 10.8 −1 33  Lithuania 0.727 0.818 11.0 −3 34  Belarus 0.727 0.793 8.3 1 35  Latvia 0.726 0.814 10.9 −2 36  Bulgaria 0.704 0.782 9.9 1 37  Serbia 0.696 0.769 9.5 −3 38  Romania 0.687 0.786 12.6 −2 39  Croatia 0.683 0.805 15.1 −1 40  Ukraine 0.672 0.740 9.2 0 41  Chile 0.664 0.819 19.0 3 42  Uruguay 0.662 0.792 16.4 1 43  Argentina 0.653 0.811 19.5 4 44  Kazakhstan 0.652 0.754 13.6 −2 45  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.650 0.735 11.5 0 46  Azerbaijan 0.650 0.734 11.4 6 47  Armenia 0.649 0.729 10.9 1 48  Albania 0.645 0.749 13.9 1 49  Trinidad and Tobago 0.640 0.760 15.3 −3 50  Mauritius 0.639 0.737 13.3 0 51  Georgia 0.631 0.745 15.3 0 52  Macedonia, Republic of !Rep. of Macedonia 0.631 0.740 14.7 2 53  Sri Lanka 0.607 0.715 15.1 5 54  Costa Rica 0.606 0.773 21.5 1 55  Mexico 0.593 0.775 23.4 1 56  Jamaica 0.591 0.730 19.1 −3 57  Panama 0.588 0.780 24.6 0 58  Moldova 0.584 0.660 11.6 2 59  Lebanon 0.575 0.745 22.8 0 60  Jordan 0.568 0.700 19.0 1 61  Mongolia 0.568 0.675 15.9 1 62  Peru 0.561 0.741 24.3 1 63  Turkey 0.560 0.722 22.5 3 64  Uzbekistan 0.551 0.654 15.8 0 65  Gabon 0.550 0.683 19.5 0 66  Venezuela 0.549 0.748 26.6 1 67  China, People's Republic of !China 0.543 0.699 22.4 3 68  Thailand 0.543 0.690 21.3 0 69  Ecuador 0.537 0.724 25.8 0 70  Brazil 0.531 0.730 27.2 3 71  Vietnam 0.531 0.617 14.0 5 72  Suriname 0.526 0.684 23.0 2 73  Philippines 0.524 0.654 19.9 2 74  Colombia 0.519 0.719 27.8 12 75  Kyrgyzstan 0.516 0.622 17.1 −4 76  Maldives 0.515 0.688 25.2 6 77  Syria 0.515 0.648 20.4 3 78  Guyana 0.514 0.636 19.1 6 79  Indonesia 0.514 0.629 18.3 0 80  Dominican Republic 0.510 0.702 27.3 −3 81  Tajikistan 0.507 0.622 18.4 0 82  El Salvador 0.503 0.662 24.1 3 83  Egypt 0.499 0.680 26.6 0 84  Bolivia 0.458 0.632 27.5 5 85  Honduras 0.444 0.675 34.2 2 86  Nicaragua 0.434 0.599 27.5 2 87  Bhutan 0.430 0.538 20.0 / 88  Morocco 0.415 0.591 29.7 2 89  Laos 0.409 0.543 24.7 2 90  Cambodia 0.402 0.543 25.9 5 91  India 0.392 0.554 29.3 2 92  Guatemala 0.389 0.581 33.1 0 93  Timor-Leste 0.386 0.576 33.0 12 94  Ghana 0.379 0.558 32.2 2 95  Bangladesh 0.374 0.515 27.4 3 96  Congo, Republic of the !Rep. of the Congo 0.368 0.534 31.1 1 97  Sao Tome and Principe !São Tomé and Príncipe 0.358 0.525 31.7 3 98  Pakistan 0.356 0.515 30.9 3 99  Swaziland 0.346 0.536 35.4 4 100  Tanzania 0.346 0.476 27.3 6 101  Namibia 0.344 0.608 43.5 −2 102  Kenya 0.344 0.519 33.6 0 103  Madagascar 0.335 0.483 30.7 1 104  Cameroon 0.330 0.495 33.4 3 105  Senegal 0.315 0.470 33.0 4 106  Yemen 0.310 0.458 32.3 2 107  Mauritania 0.306 0.467 34.4 5 108  Togo 0.305 0.459 33.5 6 109    Nepal 0.304 0.463 34.2 2 110  Uganda 0.304 0.463 34.2 3 111  Lesotho 0.296 0.461 35.9 4 112  Rwanda 0.287 0.434 33.9 5 113  Malawi 0.287 0.418 31.4 7 114  Angola 0.285 0.508 43.9 / 115  Djibouti 0.285 0.445 36.0 3 116  Zimbabwe 0.284 0.397 28.5 6 117  Zambia 0.283 0.448 36.7 −7 118  Benin 0.280 0.436 35.8 1 119  Nigeria 0.276 0.471 41.4 −3 120  Haiti 0.273 0.456 40.2 1 121  Ethiopia 0.269 0.396 31.9 2 122  Cote d'Ivoire !Côte d'Ivoire 0.265 0.432 38.6 2 123  Liberia 0.251 0.388 35.3 4 124  Burkina Faso 0.226 0.343 34.2 2 125  Mozambique 0.220 0.327 32.7 0 126  Guinea 0.217 0.355 38.8 2 127  Guinea-Bissau 0.213 0.364 41.4 2 128  Sierra Leone 0.210 0.359 41.6 3 129  Central African Republic 0.209 0.352 40.5 1 130  Chad 0.203 0.340 40.1 2 131  Niger 0.200 0.304 34.2 2 132  Congo, Democratic Republic of the !Dem. Rep. of the Congo 0.183 0.304 39.9 0

Rank Country IHDI HDI Loss (%) Rank change IHDI/HDI 1  Norway 0.890 0.943 5.6 0 2  Australia 0.856 0.929 7.9 0 3  Sweden 0.851 0.904 5.9 5 4  Netherlands 0.846 0.910 7.0 −1 5  Iceland 0.845 0.898 5.9 5 6  Ireland 0.843 0.908 7.2 0 7  Denmark 0.842 0.895 6.0 5 8  Germany 0.842 0.905 6.9 -1 9   Switzerland 0.840 0.903 7.0 0 10  Slovenia 0.837 0.884 5.3 7 11  Finland 0.833 0.882 5.6 7 12  Canada 0.829 0.908 8.7 −7 13  Czech Republic 0.821 0.865 5.0 9 14  Austria 0.820 0.885 7.4 1 15  Belgium 0.819 0.886 7.6 −1 16  France 0.804 0.884 9.1 0 17  Spain 0.799 0.878 8.9 2 18  Luxembourg 0.799 0.867 7.8 3 19  United Kingdom 0.791 0.863 8.4 4 20  Slovakia 0.787 0.834 5.7 7 21  Israel 0.779 0.888 12.3 −8 22  Italy 0.779 0.874 10.9 −2 23  Estonia 0.760 0.936 15.3 −19 24  United States 0.769 0.835 7.9 2 25  Hungary 0.759 0.816 7.0 3 26  Greece 0.756 0.861 12.2 −2 27  Cyprus 0.755 0.840 10.1 −2 28  South Korea 0.749 0.897 16.5 −17 29  Poland 0.734 0.813 9.7 0 30  Lithuania 0.730 0.810 9.8 0 31  Portugal 0.726 0.809 10.2 0 32  Montenegro 0.718 0.771 6.9 7 33  Latvia 0.717 0.805 10.9 −1 34  Serbia 0.694 0.766 9.5 9 35  Belarus 0.693 0.756 8.3 10 36  Romania 0.683 0.781 12.6 1 37  Bulgaria 0.683 0.771 11.4 3 38  Croatia 0.675 0.796 15.1 −3 39  Russia 0.670 0.755 11.3 7 40  Ukraine 0.662 0.729 9.2 14 41  Bahamas, The !The Bahamas 0.658 0.771 14.7 −3 42  Kazakhstan 0.656 0.745 11.9 5 43  Uruguay 0.654 0.783 16.4 −7 44  Chile 0.652 0.805 19.0 −11 45  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.649 0.733 11.6 7 46  Trinidad and Tobago 0.644 0.760 15.3 −2 47  Argentina 0.641 0.797 19.5 −13 48  Armenia 0.639 0.716 10.8 13 49  Albania 0.637 0.739 13.9 0 50  Mauritius 0.631 0.728 13.3 5 51  Georgia 0.630 0.733 14.1 2 52  Azerbaijan 0.620 0.700 11.4 11 53  Jamaica 0.610 0.727 16.2 4 54  Macedonia, Republic of !Rep. of Macedonia 0.609 0.728 16.4 2 55  Costa Rica 0.591 0.744 20.5 −7 56  Mexico 0.589 0.770 23.5 −15 57  Panama 0.579 0.768 24.6 −15 58  Sri Lanka 0.579 0.691 16.2 9 59  Lebanon 0.570 0.739 22.8 −9 60  Moldova 0.569 0.649 12.2 18 61  Jordan 0.565 0.698 19.0 5 62  Mongolia 0.563 0.653 13.8 15 63  Peru 0.557 0.725 23.2 −5 64  Uzbekistan 0.544 0.641 15.1 17 65  Gabon 0.543 0.674 19.5 8 66  Turkey 0.542 0.699 22.5 −2 67  Venezuela 0.540 0.735 26.6 −16 68  Thailand 0.537 0.682 21.3 2 69  Ecuador 0.535 0.720 25.8 −10 70  China, People's Republic of !China 0.534 0.687 22.3 −1 71  Kyrgyzstan 0.526 0.615 14.4 17 72  Tunisia 0.523 0.698 25.2 −7 73  Brazil 0.519 0.718 27.7 −13 74  Suriname 0.518 0.680 23.8 −3 75  Philippines 0.516 0.644 19.9 4 76  Vietnam 0.510 0.593 14.0 14 77  Dominican Republic 0.510 0.689 25.9 −9 78  Indonesia 0.505 0.665 24.0 −4 79  Paraguay 0.504 0.617 18.3 8 80  Syria 0.503 0.632 20.4 4 81  Tajikistan 0.500 0.607 17.6 8 82  Maldives 0.495 0.661 25.2 −6 83  El Salvador 0.495 0.674 26.6 −11 84  Guyana 0.492 0.633 22.3 −1 85  Egypt 0.489 0.644 24.1 −5 86  Colombia 0.479 0.710 32.5 −24 87  Bolivia 0.437 0.663 34.1 −12 88  Nicaragua 0.427 0.589 27.5 3 89  Honduras 0.427 0.625 31.7 −3 90  Morocco 0.409 0.582 29.7 2 91  Laos 0.405 0.524 22.8 6 92  Guatemala 0.393 0.574 31.6 1 93  India 0.392 0.547 28.3 1 94  Micronesia, Federated States of !Fed. Sts. of Micronesia 0.390 0.636 38.6 −12 95  Cambodia 0.380 0.523 27.2 3 96  Ghana 0.367 0.541 32.2 −1 97  Congo, Republic of the !Rep. of the Congo 0.367 0.533 31.1 -1 98  Bangladesh 0.363 0.500 27.4 5 99  Namibia 0.353 0.625 43.5 −14 100  Sao Tome and Principe !São Tomé and Príncipe 0.348 0.509 31.5 1 101  Pakistan 0.346 0.504 31.4 1 102  Kenya 0.338 0.509 33.6 −2 103  Swaziland 0.338 0.522 35.4 −4 104  Madagascar 0.332 0.480 30.7 2 105  Timor-Leste 0.332 0.495 32.9 −1 106  Tanzania 0.332 0.466 28.8 1 107  Cameroon 0.321 0.482 33.4 −2 108  Yemen 0.312 0.462 32.3 0 109  Senegal 0.304 0.459 33.8 0 110  Zambia 0.303 0.430 29.5 7 111    Nepal 0.301 0.458 34.3 0 112  Mauritania 0.298 0.453 34.2 1 113  Uganda 0.296 0.446 33.6 2 114  Togo 0.289 0.435 33.5 2 115  Lesotho 0.288 0.450 35.9 −1 116  Nigeria 0.278 0.459 39.3 −6 117  Rwanda 0.276 0.429 35.7 2 118  Djibouti 0.275 0.430 35.9 0 119  Benin 0.274 0.427 35.8 1 120  Malawi 0.272 0.400 32.0 2 121  Haiti 0.271 0.454 40.2 −9 122  Zimbabwe 0.268 0.376 28.7 1 123  Ethiopia 0.247 0.363 31.9 1 124  Cote d'Ivoire !Côte d'Ivoire 0.246 0.400 38.6 −3 125  Mozambique 0.229 0.322 28.9 7 126  Burkina Faso 0.215 0.331 35.1 3 127  Liberia 0.213 0.329 35.3 3 128  Guinea 0.211 0.344 38.8 −2 129  Guinea-Bissau 0.207 0.353 41.4 −4 130  Central African Republic 0.204 0.343 40.6 −3 131  Sierra Leone 0.196 0.336 41.6 −3 132  Chad 0.196 0.328 40.1 −1 133  Niger 0.195 0.295 34.2 0 134  Congo, Democratic Republic of the !Dem. Rep. of the Congo 0.172 0.286 39.9 0